哂囂處讐縮殼

1、哂囂處讐縮殻Prese ntetio nsan dPublicSpeaki nginE nglishAprese ntatio niseformaltalktoone ormorepeoplethat,presents,ideasorinformatio nineclear;structuredwayPe oplearesometimesafraidofspeakingi npublic,butifyoufollowafewsimplerules ,givingaprese ntation isactuallyveryeasy.Thistutorialguidesyouthrougheachs

2、t ageofgivi ngaprese ntatio ninEnglish/rorntheinitielpreperati on totheconclusi onandquestionsa ndan swers.Thistutorialisitselfsetoutlikeami ni-presentatio n .PreparationCanyounamethe3mostimporta ntthingswhe ngivingan yprese n tation?Numberlis.Preparati on Number2is Prepareti on!N umbe3is Prep arati

3、on!Preparationiseverything!Withgoodpreparationandpla nn ingyouwill betotallyc on fidenta ndless nervous. A ndyouraudiencewillfeelyourc on fidence .Youraudience,too,willbec on fident.theywillbec on fidentinyou.A ndthiswillgiv eyoucontrol.Controlofyouraudienceandofyourpresentation.Withcontrol,yo uwill

4、bei nchargeandyouraudie ncewilllistenpositivelytoyourmessege.Objec tiveBeforeyoustarttoprepareapresentatio nyoushouldaskyourselfrwhyaml makingthispresentati on ?nDoyou needtoinformjopersuadeotrai no rtosell? Yourobjectiveshouldbecleari ny ourmindfitisnotcleeri ny ourmi nd,itca nnotp ossiblybeclearto

5、youraudie nce.Audience” Whoemimekingthispresentationt o?”Sometimesthiswillbeobvious,but no talways.Youshouldtrytoinformyourself.Howmanypeople?Whoarethey?Businesspeople?Professi on alpeople?Pol iticalpeople?Expertsorn on-experts?Willitbeasmall,intimategroupof4collea guesoralargegatheri ngof400competi

6、tors?Howmuchdotheyknowelreadyan dwhatwilltheyexpectfromy ou?Ven uehereamlmaki ngthisprese ntation?”l n asmallhotelmeeti ng-roomoQlergeconferencehelPWhetfecilitiesa ndequip men tareavailable?Whataretheseatingarrangeme nts?Timea ndlength”When amlmakingthisprese ntetiona ndhowl on gwillitbe?,Willitbe5m

7、inutesorlhour ?Justbeforelu nchwhe ny oureudie ncewillbehungryorjustafterlunchwhenyo uraudiencewillbesleepy?MethodHowshouldlmakethisprese ntati on? What approachshouldyouuse?Formalori nformeOLotsofvisualaidsoro nlyafew?Wil lyouin cludesomea necdotesa ndhumourforvariety?C on tenfWhatshouldlsa y?Nowyo

8、umustdecideexactlywhatyouwa nttosey. First,youshouldbrainstor myourideas.Youwillnodoubtdiscovermanyideasthatyouwanttoincludeinyou rpresentation.Butyoumustbeselective.Youshouldincludeonlyinformationth atisreleva ntto youraudie ncea ndyourobjective.Youshouldexcludeellotheride as.Youalsoneedtocreateati

9、tleforyourprese ntation (ifyouhavenotalreadybee n given atitle).Thetitlewillhelpyoutofocusonthesubject.A ndyouwillprepareyo urvisualaids,ifyouhavedecidedtousethem.Butremember,i ngenerallessisbet terthanmore(alittleisbettertha nalot).Youca nalwaysgiveadditionalinformati on duri ngthequestionsefterthe

10、presentatio n.StructureAwellorgenisedprese ntationwithaclearstructureiseasierfortheaudiencetofollowtisthereforemo reeffective.Youshouldorga nisethepointsyouwishtomakeinelogicelorder.Mostprese ntetionsareorga nisedinthreepartsfollowedbyquestio ns:Begi nn ingSh ortintroducti on welcomeyouraudienceintr

11、oduceyoursubjectexplainthestruc tureofyourprese ntationexpbinrulesforquestionsMiddleBodyofprese ntetio npresentthesubjectitselfE ndShortconclusionsummariseyourpresentetionth an kyouraudie nceinvitequestio nsQuestio nsan dAnswersNotesWhe ny ougive yourpresentation,youshouldbe-orappeartobe-assp onton

12、eousaspossible.Yo ushouldnotreadyourpresentation!Youshouldbesofamiliarwithyoursubjecta n dwiththeinformatio nthatyouwanttodeliverthetyoud ono tneedtoreadatext .Readi ng3textisboring!Reedi ngatextwillmakeyouraudie ncegotosleep!Soifyo udo rrtheveatexttoreecthowcanyouremembertosayeverythingyouneedtosa

13、y?Withnotes.Youcancreateyourow nsystem ofno tes.Somepeoplemakenotes onsmall,A6cards.Somepeoplewritedownjustthetitleofeachsectionoftheirtal k.Somepeoplewritedow nkeywordstoremindthem.The no teswillgiveyouconf iden ce,butbecauseyouwillhavepreparedyourpresentationfully,youmaynote venneedthemlRehearsalR

14、ehearsalisavitalpartofpreparati on .Youshouldleav etimetopractiseyourpresentationtwoorthreetimes.Thiswillhavethefollowin gbe nefitsiyouwillbecomemorefamilierwithwhetyouwe nttosayyouwillide nti fyweak nessesinyourpresentati ony ouwillbeabletopractisedifficultpronuncia tion syouwillbeabletocheckthetim

15、ethatyourprese nteti on takesa ndmakea ny n ecessarymodificationsSoprepare,prepare,prepare!Prepareeverything:wor ds,visualaids,timing,equipme nt.Rehearseyourprese ntation severaltimesandtimeit.lsittherightle ngth/Areyoucompletelyfamiliarwithallyourillustrations ?Aretheyi ntherightorder?Doyouknowwhot

16、he3udienceis?Howm3nypeople ?Howwillyouanswerdifficultquestions?Doyouknowtheroom?Areyouc onfid entabouttheequipment?Whenyouhavea nsweredallthesequestions,youwill beaconfide nten thusiasticprese nterreedytocommunicetethesubjectofyour presentationtoaneageraudie nce.Equipme ntEasilyyourmostimporta ntpie

17、ce ofequipmentis.YOU!Makesureyou,reinfullworkingorder,a ndcheckyourpers onalprese ntationcarefully-ifyoudontyouraudie ncewill!theoverheedprojec tor(OHP)displaysoverheadtra nsp3rencies(OHTsorOHPTs)lthasseveraladven tagesoverthe35mmslideprojector:itcanbeusedindaylighttheuserca nfecethe audiencetheuser

18、canwriteordrawdirectly on thetranspare ncywhileinusethew hiteboard(morerarelyblackboardorGREenboard)isausefuldeviceforspontan eouswriti ng-asi nbrainstormingforexample.ForpreparedmaterialheOHPmi ghtbemoresuitable.Thedusterisusedforcleaningthewhiteboard .Itisesse ntial thatthedusterbecleantostartwith

19、.Youmayc on sidercarryingyourowndusterju stincase.Markersareusedforwriti ngonthewhiteboard(delible-youcanremov etheink)orflipchart(indelible-youca nn otremovethei nkTheyereusuallyevail ablei nblue jed,blackandgreen. Again,itsagoodideatocarryesperesetofmerk ersincaseyouaregive nsomeused on eswhichd o

20、no twritewell/Agoodworkma rm everblameshistools/Theflipchartconsistsofseveralleavesofpaperthatyou fliportur no ver.Somepeopleprefertheflipcharttothewhiteboard,butitsuseislimitedtosmallerpresentati on s.TheSlideprojector-whichmustbeusedi nadark enedroom-addsacertai ndremaSomeslideprojectorscenbesynch

21、ronisedwit haudioforaudio-visual(AV)prese ntetions.Theseprojectorsaretypicellyusedfo rlargerpresentations.Themajoritytake35mmslidesortra nsparencies(asseen here),butprojectorsfor6x6cmslidesarealsoavailable.Tra nspere nciesareproje ctedbyanoverheadprojectororaslideprojectoro ntoascreen-i nthiscaseafo

22、ldi n gscree nwhichce nbepackedupe ndtra nsported.Thenotebookcomputerisi nc reasinglybei ngusedtodisplaygrephicsduri ngpresentationstisoftenusedi neo njun ctionwithanoverheadprojectoGwhichactuallyprojectstheimagefromthe computerscreenontothewallscreen.Ha ndoutsareenydocume ntsorsamplest hatyouhandou

23、tordistributetoyouraudience.Notethatitis no tusuallyagoodi deatodistributehandoutsbeforeyourpresentation.Theaudie ncewillreadtheh an doutsinsteadofliste ningtoyou.DeliveryDeliveryreferstothewayinwhichy ouactuallydeliverorperformorgiveyourpresentation.Deliveryisavitalaspecto fallprese ntetion s.Deliv

24、eryisatleastasimportantascontent,especiallyinamulti -culturalcontext.NervesMostspeakersarealittle nervousatthebegi rm ingofapr ese ntetion.Soitisnormalifyouare nervous.Theensweristopayspeciabtte ntion tothebeginningofyourpresentation.Firstimpressio nscount.Thisisthetimewh enyouestablisharapportwithy

25、ouraudience.Duri ngthistimerytospeakslowly an dcalmly.Youshouldperhapslearnyourintroductionbyheart.Afterafewmom en ts,youwillrelaxandgai neon fidence.AudienceRapportYo un eedtobuildawarmandfrie ndlyrebtionshipwithyoureudience.E nthusiasmisc on tagiousfy oua ree nthusiasticyouraudiencewillbee nthusia

26、sticto o.An dbecarefultoestablish eyecontactwitheachmemberofyouraudie nce.Eechpersonshouldfeelthetyou arespeakingdirectlytohimorher.Thismeansthatyoumustlookateachperso nin turn-inasnaturalawayaspossible.Thiswillalsogiveyoutheopportunitytodetec tsign sofboredom,disinterestoreve ndiseGREement 用 llowin

27、gyoutomodifyyo urprese ntation asappropriate.Yourobjectiveistocomm un icatelBodyLanguag eWhatyoudonotsayisatleastasimportantaswhatyoudosay.Yourbodyisspeaki n gtoyouraudie nceeve nbeforeyouope ny ourmouthYourclothes,yourw3lk,yo urglasses,yourhaircut,yourexpressio n-i 廿 sfromthesethatyouraudienceforms

28、 itsfirstimpressionasyouentertheroom.Ge nerallyspeeki ngjtisbettertostendr atherthansitwhe nmakingepresentetio n.Beawareofandavoida ny repetitivea n dirritati nggestures.BeawBre/toothotthemovementofyourbodyis on eofyou rmethodsofcontrol.Whe ny oumovetoorfromthewhiteboarctforexample,you canmovefastor

29、slowlyjaisingorreduci ngthed yn amismwithintheaudience.Yo ucanstandverystillwhiletalkingoryouca nstrollfromsidetoside.Whateffectdoy outhinkthesetwodifferentapproacheswouldhave on anaudie nce?CulturalCo nsiderati on sBecauseEnglishissowidelyusedaroundtheworldJtisquitepossibl ethatma ny membersofyoura

30、udie ncewill no tbe netiveE nglish-speakersn oth erwords,theywillnothavea nAnglo-Saxonculture.Eve nwithi ntheA ngloSaxon world,therearema ny d if fere ncesinculturef wehypotheticallyimagi neeGerm an workingforanlsraelicompanymaki ngepresentetio ninEn glishtoaJapanesea udie ncein Korea,weca nseethett

31、hereareevenmorepossibilitiesforculturalmis un d erst a ndin g.Youshouldtrytolear nabouta nyparticubrculturalmettersthet mayaffectyouraudie nce.Thisisonereas on whypreparati on foryourpresentatio nissoimportant.Culturaldifferencesca nelsobeseeni nbodyle ngu3ge,/hichwe havejustdiscussed.ToaLati nfro m

32、SouthernFranceorltaly,apresenterwhouses hisha ndsandarmswhenspeakingmayseemdynemice ndfrie ndly.Toa nEnglish man,thesamepresentermayseemu nsureofhiswordsandlackingi nself-confid ence.Voicequalityltis,ofcourse,importa ntthetyouraudie ncebeabletohearyo uclearlythroughoutyourprese ntetion.Rememberthati

33、fyouturnaweyfromyo uraudience,forexampletowardsthewhiteboard,youneedtospeakalittlemorel oudly.lnge neral,youshouldtrytovaryyourvoice.Yourvoicewillthenbemoreint eresti ngforyoureudience.YoucenveryyourvoiceinatleastthreeweysHpeeckyo ucanspeakatnormalspeed,youca nspeakfesteDyouce nspeakmoreslowly-and y

34、ouca nstopcompletelyWoucanpeuse.Thisiseverygoodtechniqueforgeiningy ouraudie onatiorryouce nchangethepitchofyourvoice.Youc anspeaki nahightone. Youca nspeakinaloA/tone.volume:youca nspeakat norm alvolume,youcanspeakloudlya ndyouca nspeekquietly 丄 oweri ngyourvoicean dspeaki ngquietl

35、yca negeinattractyouraudiencesinterest.theimportentpoi nt isno ttospeaki nthes3me,flat,monot ono usvoicethroughoutyourpresentation -thisisthevoicethathyp no tistsusetoputtheirpatientsintotra nce!VisualaidsOf allthei nfonnationth3tentersoiirbrains,thev3stm3jorityofitentersthroughthe eyes.80%ofwhatyou

36、raudiencelearnduri ngyourprese nteti on islearnedvisuall y(whattheysee)andonly20%islear nedaurally(wh3ttheyhearjThesignificanc eofthisisobvious:visualaidsareanextremelyeffectivemea nsofcommunicatio rrnorvn ativeE nglishspeakers neednotworrysomuchaboutspoke nEnglish-the ycanrelymoreheavily on visuala

37、idsltiswellworthspe ndin gtimeinthecreati ono fgoodvisualaids.Butitisequallyimportant no ttooverloadyouraudiencesbrain s.Keeptheinformati ono neechvisualeidtoeminimum-andgiveyouQudienceti metolookata ndQbsorbthisinformation.Rememberyoureudiencehavenevers een thesevisualaidsbefore.The yn eed 廿 metost

38、udya ndto un derstandthem.Wit houtundersta ndingthereis no comm un ication.AudienceReactio nRemaincal mandpoliteifyoureceivedifficultoreve nhostilequestio nsduringyourpresenta tionfyoureceiveparticularlyawkwardquestio ns,youmightsuggestthatthequ estionersasktheirquestionsafteryourpresentati on .Lang

39、uageSaywhatyouare goin gtosaSimplicityandClaritylfyouwa ntyouraudie ncetounderste ndyourm essage,yourla nguagemustbesimplea ndclear.Useshortwordsa ndshortsente nces.D ono tusejargon,u nlessyouarecerteinthatyouraudie nceun d erst a ndsit ngen eral,talkaboutconcretefactsrathertha nabstractideas.Useact

40、iveverbsi ns teadofpassiveverbs.Activeverbsaremucheasierto un d erst a nd.theyeremuch morepowerful.Considerthesetwose nten ces,whichsaythesamething:Toyota soldtwomillio ncarslestyear.Twomillio ncersweresoldbyToyotelestyear. Whichiseasiertounderstand?Whichismoreimmediate?Whichismorepowerful?N lisacti

41、veandN2ispassive.SignpostingWhenyoudriveontheroads,youknowwhereyouareont hoseroads.Eachroadhasanameornumber.Eachtow nhesaname.A ndeechhou sehasa number.lfyouereethouseN 100,youcangobacktoN 50orforwardtoNISO.Youcanlookatthesig npostsfordirectio ns.An dyoucanlookatyouratlasfort hestructureoftheroadsin

42、detail.lnotherwordsjtiseasyt on avigatetheroads.Yo ucannotgetlost.Butwhe ny ougiveapresentatio n,howca ny ouraudienceknow w h e ret h ey a r e ? H o wca ntheyknowthestructureofyourpresentati on?H owcan theyknowwhatiscomi ngn ext?Theyk no wbecauseyoutellthem.Becauseyoup utupsignpostsforthem,atthebegi

43、 nnin gandallalongtheroute.Thistech niq ueis calledsig nposting(orsig nailing). Duringyourin troductio n,youshouldtellyou raudiencewhatthestructureofyourprese ntetionwillbe.Youmightseysomethi n glikethisIllstartbydescribingthecurrentpositi onin Europe.Thenrilmoveon tosomeoftheachievementswevemadeinA

44、sia.Afterthatrilconsidertheoppor tun itiesweseeforfurtherexpa nsioninAfrica.Lastly.lllquicklyrecapbeforec one ludingwithsomerecomme ndetio ns/Amernberoftheeudie ncece nno wvisuali zeyourprese ntationlikethis:l ntroductio nWelcomeExplanationofstructure(n ow)BodyEuropeAsiaAfricaConclusi on SummingupRecomme ndatio nsHewillk eepthisimagei nhisheadduringthepresentetio n.H emayeve nwriteitdow n.An dthroughoutyourprese ntetionyouwillputupsignpoststellinghimwhichpoint youhavereachedandwhereyouaregoi ngno w.Whe ny oufi nishEuropeandwa nt tostartAsia,youmightsay:,That,salllhavet