中譯英長(zhǎng)句分譯法與綜合法

1、1 Division分譯 Modifiers in a long English sentence often consist of attributives, adverbials, attributive and adverbial clauses ect. If a modifier is too long to deal with, we can divide it into several parts, then translate them into Chinese clause. 2 What emerged from this realization was a new met

2、hod of planning and development in which designers learned that they first had to indentify the purpose and performance expectation before they could develop all the parts that made up the system as a whole. 在這一認(rèn)識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生了一種計(jì)劃于開(kāi) 發(fā)的新方法，該方法使設(shè)計(jì)人員明白必須 確定該系統(tǒng)的目的和預(yù)期功效，然后才可 以組成整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的各個(gè)部門(mén)。 3 上例詳解：本句的主語(yǔ)是“What em

3、erged from this realization ”，是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句； 表語(yǔ)部分當(dāng)中，“in which designersas a whole” 為限制性定語(yǔ)從句。在這個(gè)限制 性定語(yǔ)從句中還含有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句“that they first as a whole”, 由連詞”that”引導(dǎo)， 作動(dòng)詞“l(fā)earned”的賓語(yǔ)。而在這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從 句中又有一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，由連 詞”before”引導(dǎo)，其中從句的“that made up the system as a whole”意思是“組成整 個(gè)系統(tǒng)的”。 4 There are swift flowing rivers, slow, sl

4、uggish rivers, mighty rivers with several mouths, rivers that carry vast loads of alluvium(沖積土) to the sea, clear, limpid rivers, rivers that at some reasons of the year have very much more water than at others. 有的河水流湍急，有的河流速緩慢，有的 河出?？谟泻脦滋?，有的河帶著大量沖積 土入海，有的河清澈見(jiàn)底，有的河水量在 一年中的某些季節(jié)較少，而在某些季節(jié)卻 多得很。 5 exerc

5、ises 1.The idea of a fish being able to generate electricity strong enough to light small bulbs, even to run an electric motor, is almost unbelievable. 魚(yú)能發(fā)電，其能量足以點(diǎn)亮小電燈，甚至 能開(kāi)動(dòng)馬達(dá)，這簡(jiǎn)直令人難以置信。 6 2.television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest develo

6、pments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining. 人們常說(shuō)，通過(guò)電視可以了解時(shí)事，掌握 科學(xué)和政治的最新動(dòng)態(tài)。從電視里還可以 看到層出不窮，既有教育意義又有娛樂(lè)性 的新節(jié)目。 7 Comprehensive use of different techniques 綜合譯法 如果有些長(zhǎng)句用上述方法翻譯都不妥當(dāng)， 那么可按時(shí)間先后，或按邏輯順序，有順 有逆，主次分明地對(duì)全文進(jìn)行綜合處理。 對(duì)長(zhǎng)句意義層次進(jìn)行分析

7、。弄清句中究竟 講了多少件事，將長(zhǎng)句分解為語(yǔ)義相對(duì)完 整的單句，分析各個(gè)單句之間的語(yǔ)義邏輯 關(guān)系，然后用合乎漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣的排列方 式對(duì)各個(gè)單句進(jìn)行重新組合。 8 漢語(yǔ)的順序是： 1. 先發(fā)生先說(shuō)，后發(fā)生后說(shuō) 2. 先說(shuō)試試，后說(shuō)評(píng)價(jià) 3. 先說(shuō)因后說(shuō)果 4. 先說(shuō)條件后說(shuō)推斷 5. 先說(shuō)手段后說(shuō)目的 6. 先說(shuō)反面后說(shuō)正面 9 As regards health, I have nothing useful to say since I have little experience of illness. I eat and drink whatever I like, and sleep w

8、hen I cannot keep awake. I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is good for health, though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome. 談到健康問(wèn)題，我就沒(méi)有什么可說(shuō)的了， 因?yàn)槲覜](méi)怎么生過(guò)病。我想吃什么就吃什 么，眼睛睜不開(kāi)了就睡覺(jué)，從來(lái)不為身體 有益而搞什么活動(dòng)，然而實(shí)際上我喜歡做 的事大都是有助于增進(jìn)身體健康的。 10 原句有三個(gè)分句，但譯文可并為兩句來(lái)表 明前后句是因果關(guān)系，第一句用順譯法第 三局

9、用逆譯法把原因說(shuō)在前面。因此，本 句可采用綜合法翻譯。 11 It should be realized that when we assign a magnitude and direction to the velocity of a body, we are really expressing its velocity relative to something which is, for this particular purpose, imagined to be stationary. 應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)識(shí)到，當(dāng)我們確定某一物體的速度 大小和方向時(shí)，實(shí)際上我們表示的是相對(duì) 于某一參考物的速度，

10、對(duì)于這一特定場(chǎng)合 來(lái)說(shuō)，可以設(shè)想該參考物是靜止不動(dòng)的。 12 這句可分為幾層意思：1.It should be realized. 2. that we are really expressing its velocity relative to something. 3. when we assign a magnitude and direction to the velocity of a body. 4. which is, for this particular purpose, imagined to be stationary. 這是主從復(fù)合句。第一句為主句， 第二句為主語(yǔ)從句，第三句為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從 句，說(shuō)明第二句謂語(yǔ)行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間，第 四句為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾第二句的something。 13 exercise Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible only wh