教材優(yōu)化全析(Unit20 Archaeology

1、 教材優(yōu)化全析 JIAO CAI YOU HUA QUAN XI Warming up思維拓展 decorate v. 裝飾；點綴。例如：decorate a Christmas tree 裝飾圣誕樹 1.home decoration 家居裝飾 decoration U 裝飾，裝潢。例如： combed decoration 波紋裝飾 edge decoration 書邊裝飾 interior decoration 室內裝飾思維拓展 2.Where were they unearthed?unearthly adj.超自然的；怪異的；不合情理的。例如：unearthly visions怪異的

2、幻象 它們是從哪兒發(fā)掘出來的呢？ unearth vt.（從地下）發(fā)掘；揭露。例如： unearth buried treasure 發(fā)掘埋在地下的寶藏 unearth new facts about Shakespeare 發(fā)現(xiàn)有關莎士比亞的新資料 unearth a plot 揭露一個陰謀 3.artefact C 人工制品（尤指有考古價值的工具或武器） prehistoric artefacts made of bone and pottery 史前的骨制及陶制器具Listening思維拓展 1.How far can you throw a spear with a tool like

3、 this?how long 多久how soon 多久之后how often 多久一次 用這樣一個工具投標槍你能投多遠？ （1）how far用來提問距離有多遠。例如： How far is it to London from here? 從這里到倫敦有多遠？ How far did you drive today?思維拓展 你今天開車開了多遠？spear v.（用矛）刺穿，刺傷，刺死 （2）spear C 矛；槍；梭鏢。例如： antelopes killed with spears 用長槍刺死的羚羊全析提示 2.What else do you think the object coul

4、d he used for?構成所有格時，s加在else之后。例如：Who elses fault could it be then?那么，這是其他什么人的錯嗎？ 你認為這東西還能用作什么？ else adv. 此外，另外（與不定代詞、疑問代詞或否定副詞連用）。例如： Do you want anything else? 你還需要其他東西嗎？ Where else can I get it? 除此之外，我還能在哪里得到它？Speaking思維拓展 as用作“雖然，盡管”時，引導讓步狀語從句，需提前 1.Id like to know more about life as it was two

5、hundred years ago. 我想了解更多關于二百年前的生活情況。名詞、形容詞、副詞或動詞。例如：Object as you may, Ill go.縱使你反對，我也要去。 as conj. 像一樣的；如的。例如： Id like to go abroad as you do. 我想跟你一樣出國。 He was late, as usual. 他如往常一樣遲到了。思維拓展 2.Im not interested in broken pots and vases.作定語用的單個過去分詞放在被修飾詞前面；過去分詞短語則放在被修飾詞后面。例如：a book written by Lu Xun

6、一本魯迅寫的書fallen leaves 落葉 我對破爛的瓶瓶罐罐不感興趣。 broken為過去分詞，在這里作定語，表示“破壞的，破碎的”。例如： a broken glass 破杯子 a broken leg 骨折的腿 a broken marriage 破裂的婚姻 a broken heart 破碎的心 3.Im curious to 極想思維拓展 curious adj. 好奇心強烈的，渴望知道的，愛探究的。例如：curious adj. 奇異的，奇怪的。例如：curious behavior奇怪的舉止curiosity n. 好奇（心）；古玩；珍品。例如：arouse curiosit

7、y引起好奇心a curiosity shop 古董店 curious eyes 好奇的眼神 curious about the origin of mankind 對人類的起源有興趣 Children are naturally curious about everything around them. 小孩子對周圍的每件事感到好奇是很自然的。 Im curious to know what is written in his letter. 我極想知道他在信中寫什么。Pre-readingempress 女皇帝，皇后queen 女王思維拓展 Describe the kinds of obj

8、ects kings and emperors in China were buried with. 描述一下給中國的國王和皇帝陪葬的物品。 emperor C 皇帝。例如： the Roman emperors 羅馬皇帝 the Emperor Napoleon 拿破侖皇帝Readingdate from/date back to同義，均可作“追溯，回溯”解。This castle dates from the 14th century.這座城堡建于14世紀。思維拓展 1.On May 3, 2002, archaeologists in England found a grave of a

9、 man dating back to around 2300 BC. 2002年5月3日，英國考古學家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一座墓穴。這座墓穴可以追溯到公元前2300年左右。 date back to 追溯到，上溯到。例如： This building dates back to 1823. 這棟建筑是1823年所建。 Our partnership dates back to 1960.思維拓展 我們從1960年就合伙了。 2.From tests on his teeth, it is certain that he spent his childhood in central Europe.be su

10、re of/ahout=be certain of/about 不能說：It is sure thatcentral 還可作“主要的，首要的，核心的”解。例如：the central point of argument 爭論的焦點 從對他牙齒的檢驗來看，他的童年一定是在中歐度過的。 （1）It is certain that 是確實的。例如： It is certain that the earth is round. 毫無疑問地球是圓的。 It is certain that he will agree. (=He is certain to agree.) 他肯定會同意。 （2）centr

11、al adj. 中心的，中央的。例如： an office in the central part of the city 位于市中心的辦事處 We live in central London. 我們住在倫敦中部。全析提示 3.Buried with him were the tools of a hunter or warrior.省略if的虛擬語氣倒裝句型：如果虛擬語氣的條件狀語從句中謂語有系動詞were，助動詞had或情態(tài)動詞should等，可省去if，把were, had或should移到主語之前。例如：Should anyone call, tell him to wait for

12、 me.如果有人打電話，讓他等等我。 與他共葬的是獵人或武士用的工具。 （1）該句為倒裝句，表語置于句首時，倒裝結構為“表語+系動詞+主語”。例如： Present at the meeting were Professor Whire, Professor Smith and many other guests. 出席會議的有懷特教授，史密斯教授和許多其他的客人。 Gone were the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people. 他們對中國人民恣意妄為的歲月一去不復返了。 （2）warrior C 武士；

13、勇士。例如： a Zulu warrior 祖魯人的武士 a warrior nation 善戰(zhàn)的民族pin vt. 用針釘住，別住，扣住。例如：He pinned the emblem to the coat.他用別針把徽章別在上衣上。思維拓展 4.There was a bone pin that may have been from a piece of clothing such as a leather coat. 有一個骨針可能是一件衣服，比如皮衣上面的。 pin C 針。例如： The boy fastened the insect on the cardboard with a

14、 pin. 那男孩用別針把昆蟲釘在硬紙板上。 It was so quiet that you could hear a pin drop. 安靜得你可聽到針落地的聲音。思維拓展 5.The most amazing find was two gold earrings.finding C & U 發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)物 最令人驚訝的是發(fā)現(xiàn)了一副金耳環(huán)。 find C 發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)物。例如： Our new gardener was a marvelous find.思維拓展 我們新找到了一個很出色的花匠。 6.Close to his head were two pots made of clay, t

15、ools and materials to make arrows.bow n. &. v. 鞠躬，點頭make a polite bow恭敬地鞠躬She bowed to the audience.他向觀眾鞠躬。 他的頭旁邊是兩口泥制的鍋、造箭用的工具和材料。 bow C 弓。例如： a bow and arrow 弓箭 draw a bow 拉弓 an arrow from a bow 拉弓射箭動詞lie的過去式，過去分詞的不同形式：lielaylain 躺；位于lieliedlied 說謊另外，lay還有“置于，放”的意思。其過去式、過去分詞均為laid。例如：He laid his h

16、and on my shoulder.他將手放在我的肩上。思維拓展 7.Next to them lay a cushion stone, upon which the man could work metal. 在它們的旁邊放著一塊墊東西的石頭，這個人有可能在上面鍛造金屬。 該句為非限制性定語從句，修飾“a cushion stone”, lie此處是“（指物）平放”的意思。過去式、過去分詞分別為lay, lain。例如： The book lay open on the desk. 那本書攤開著擺在桌子上。 The snow lay deep in front of the door.思維

17、拓展 雪在門前堆積得很深。 8.The discovery is important for a variety of reasons.variety store雜貨店variety show綜藝節(jié)目 由于種種原因，這項發(fā)現(xiàn)非常重要。 a variety of 形形色色的，種種的。例如： a collection of a variety of butterflies 收集各式各樣的蝴蝶 There are a wide variety of people on the earth. 地球上有各種不同的人。spare vt. 勻出，分出例如：Can you spare me just a fe

18、w minutes?你能騰出幾分鐘時間給我嗎？Theres no time to spare.沒有多余的時間了！思維拓展 9.It was all that a person would need to surviveclothing, tools, weapons, pottery and spare materials to make new tools. 這都是人繼續(xù)生存所需要的衣服，工具，武器，陶器以及制造新工具的備用材料。 spare adj. 備用的；額外的；多余的；剩下的。例如： a spare room 預備的房間 a spare tire 備用輪胎 I have little

19、 spare time. 我沒有什么余暇。at hand即將來到；在手邊by hand 用手from hand to mouth僅夠糊口地hand in hand手牽手，攜手takein hand擔負起的責任throw up ones hands絕望地放棄wash ones hands of洗手不干思維拓展 10.It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones: he may have had a hand in planning the monument, or in helping transport

20、and pull up the stones. 很可能巨石王與這些巨石有關，他可能參與策劃建立這個紀念碑，或者幫助運輸和豎起巨石。 （1）have a hand in 參與，插手；對某事負部分責任。例如： I bet he had a hand in it. 我敢說他一定參與了此事。 I cant promise much. Im not the only one that has a hand in this town. 我不能答應太多。鎮(zhèn)里的事不是我一個人說了算。 （2）may后加動詞不定式的完成式，表示對過去的推測，認為某事可能已發(fā)生。例如： She may have missed th

21、e bus. 她也許錯過公共汽車了。 It may have drizzled during the night. 夜里也許下了毛毛雨。bring a person to terms使某人接受條件（就范）come to terms=make terms 達成協(xié)議；和好in the long term就長期而言on no terms無論如何不，決不technique U 技巧，技術，技藝思維拓展 11.In terms of technical development, people were going from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age. 就技術發(fā)展而言

22、，人們正從石器時代過渡到青銅器時代。 （1）in terms of 用的話；以的觀點；就而說。例如： In terms of the numbers in employment the hotel industry was the second largest Swiss industry in 1929. 就雇傭的人來說，旅館業(yè)是瑞士的第二大產(chǎn)業(yè)。 He thought of everything in terms of money. 他每件事都從錢的角度考慮。 （2）technical adj. 技術的；工藝的。例如： The violinist has technical skill b

23、ut not much feeling. 這位小提琴家技巧不錯，但缺乏感情。思維拓展 12.Iron came later, in what was called the Iron Age.比較：that/what引導名詞性從句的區(qū)別：that是從屬連詞，本身無意義，也不作成分，引導賓語從句時可省略；what是連接代詞，可充當從句的主語、賓語或表語，本身有意義，相當于the thing/matter/fact that。 鐵出現(xiàn)得晚一些，在叫做鐵器時代的時候出現(xiàn)。 what引導賓語從句，what在從句中作主語。例如： After what seemed half an hour, he cam

24、e back. 過了大約半個小時后，他回來了。 Will you show me what you bought? 可以把你所買的東西給我看一下嗎？ What we cant get seems better than what we have. 我們所不能得到的好像比我們擁有的好。It is said/reported/ announced/arranged/decided that=sth. be said/reported /announced/arranged/decided to do思維拓展 13.At first it was thought that it was throug

25、h war and armed conflict, but it is now believed to have happened through trade and cultural links. 起初人們認為是通過戰(zhàn)爭和武力斗爭，但是現(xiàn)在人們認為是通過貿易和文化交流發(fā)生的。 It is thought that 人們認為 此句型中，it為形式主語，that從句為真正的主語。例如： At first, it was thought that the earth is flat. 起初人們認為地球是平的。Post-readingas well adv. 又，另外例如：He sent me a

26、letter and some money as well.他寄給我一封信，外加一些錢。思維拓展 1.For trade and cultural links as well as life in Britain and the construction of a building such as Stonehenge, people in the Bronze Age must have had knowledge about 對于不列顛的貿易、文化交流以及他們的生活，和建造巨石陣，青銅器時代的人們一定具備方面的知識 as well as（除之外）也，還，而且。例如： He speaks S

27、panish as well as English and French. 他不但會講英語和法語，也會講西班牙語。 His children as well as his wife were invited to the party.思維拓展 不但他太太，連他的孩子都被邀參加了那次聚會。basic adj. 基礎的，基本的；根本的basis C 基礎；根據(jù) 2.talk about the inventions and kinds of science they must have had, based on the reading passage. 根據(jù)閱讀材料，討論一下他們的創(chuàng)造和他們所具

28、備的各種科學知識。 baseon 把基礎放在上；以為基礎。例如： You should base your conclusion on careful research. 你應該以審慎的研究為基礎。 This story is based on facts. 這故事是有事實根據(jù)的。Language study思維拓展 1.She is always dressed in black.dress C 連衣裙；女裝in formal (evening) dress著禮服（晚禮服）a silk dress 一件絲綢的禮服 她總是穿黑色的衣服。 dress v. 穿衣。例如： be dressed i

29、n （表狀態(tài)）穿著 dress sb. 給某人穿衣服 dress oneself in 穿著（表動作） dress up 盛裝，打扮 dress well 穿著得體表示原因的結構還有：because ofas a result ofowing todue to思維拓展 2.Thanks to modern technology, to find out more facts about the man buried in the grave is possible. 由于現(xiàn)代科技，找出更多的有關埋在墓地里人的材料成為可能。 thanks to 多虧，幸虧。例如： The play succee

30、ded thanks to fine acting by all the cast. 由于全體演員的出色表演，那出戲才獲得成功。 Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled. 因為這個倒霉天氣，比賽取消了。Integrating skills思維拓展 1.roots of Chinese culture 中國文化的根源get at/to the root of追根究底take/strike root 生根，扎根；定居root and branch adv.連根地，完全地，徹底地 root C 根源，來源；根，根莖。例如： th

31、e root of the problem 問題的根源 The love of money is the root of all evil. 愛錢乃萬惡之源。（語出圣經(jīng)） a plant with very long roots 根部很長的植物 Many Americans have roots in Europe. 許多美國人祖籍在歐洲。 2.On February 8, they found ivory and jade in the mud. 2月8日，他們在泥里找到了象牙和玉。 （1）ivory U 象牙。例如： ivory tower 象牙塔 （2）jade U 玉；硬玉；軟玉要點提

32、煉 remind sb. that使人想起remind sb. to do使人想起做某事，提醒某人做某事 3.For example, a gold mask and a bronze statue of a man remind visitors of the bronze masks and big bronze statues at Sanxingdui because of their similar style. 例如一個金面具和一個青銅人物雕像使參觀者想起三星堆的青銅面具和大青銅像，因為它們有相似的風格。 remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起，提醒。例如： He rem

33、inds me of his father. 他使我想起他的父親。 I was reminded of my promise. 有人提醒我不要忘了我的允諾。dig at 譏諷，挖苦dig for 挖尋dig into 詳細調查，探求思維拓展 4.In the spring of 1929, a farmer in todays Nanxing Town, was working in the fields, when his son dug up a round piece of jade. 1929年春天，在現(xiàn)在的南興市，一個農(nóng)民正在地里干活，這時他的兒子挖出了一塊圓玉。 dig up 挖出

34、；掘起。例如： We dug up the tree by its roots. 我們將樹連根挖起。 An old Greek statue was dug up here last month. 上個月在這兒挖出了一尊古希臘雕像。accompaniment C 伴隨而來之物。例如：Disease is an accompani -ment of famine.疾病伴隨著饑荒而來。思維拓展 5.In 1953, Yan kaizong accompanied his grandfather when he gave the relics from the ruins to the state.

35、 1953年，顏開宗陪同他的爺爺把古物從遺址帶給政府。 accompany vt. 陪伴，陪同。例如： She accompanied her friend to the concert. 她陪同朋友去聽演奏會。 Strong winds accompanied the rain. 強風伴著雨來。 accompany ones speech with gestures 演講附帶著動作warmly adv. 溫暖地，暖和地。例如：warmly dressed穿得很暖和思維拓展 6.It was four oclock in the afternoon when he and his grandp

36、a reached the museum in Guanghan, where an official warmly received them. 下午四點，他和他的祖父到達廣漢博物館，在那里一位官員熱情地接待了他。 warmly adv. 熱情地。例如： He thanked us all warmly. 他衷心地感謝我們大家。 I can warmly recommend it.思維拓展 我誠心誠意地推薦它。 7.Create different shapes for different types of action, e. g. triangles for decisions前綴tri

37、-與名詞和形容詞結合，表示“三；三重；三倍”。例如：tricolor 三色旗trilingual 能說三種語言的trilogy 三部曲 構建不同的形狀來表示不同的動作，例如三角形表示決定 triangle C 三角形。例如： He studied the dark triangle on the pot. 他研究壺上的黑三角。Grammar全析提示 it的用法 1.用作人稱代詞。例如：往往代替前邊提到的事物。指人時，一般用于小孩或身份不明朗的人。 Where is my book? It is on the desk. Whos the baby? Its my son.全析提示 2.用以代替

38、指示代詞this, that。例如：指代上文中提到的this, that。 Whats this? Its a book. Whose bike is that? Its hers.全析提示 3.起指示代詞的作用。例如：指不明身份的人或物。 Who is knocking the door? Its me. Who is making such a noise?全析提示 It must be the children. 4.指時間、季節(jié)、天氣、氣候、距離、環(huán)境情況等。例如：指時間、季節(jié)、天氣或距離等時，習慣上作句子中的主語。 What time is it? It is eight ocloc

39、k. It often rains in summer. It was very quiet at the moment. It is a long way to the factory. It is five kilometers from the office to my home.全析提示 5.It is+被強調部分+that被強調部分可以是主語、賓語、表語或狀語。如果把這種句型結構劃掉后，應該是一個完整無缺的句子。這也是判斷強調句型與其他從句的方法。 該句型是強調句型。例如： It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a

40、face and an hour hand was made. It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. =Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.全析提示 6.It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain) that如果主句中的形容詞是important, necessary, stran

41、ge, natural等，that后的 該句型中it是形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的主語從句。例如： It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree.從句中要用虛擬語氣（should+動詞原形），should可省去。 =That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear. It is important that we (should) learn English well It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.思

42、維拓展 7.It is said (reported, learned) that主句中的過去分詞是表示請求、建議，命令等詞時，that后的從句要用虛擬語氣（should+動詞原形），should可以省。 該句型中的it仍是形式主語，真正主語是that引導的主語從句。該結構常譯為“據(jù)說（據(jù)報道，據(jù)悉）”。例如： It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. It is suggested that the meeting (

43、should) be put off. 8.It is time (about time, high time) that思維拓展 該句型中that后的從句應該用虛擬語氣。例如：常用過去時態(tài)表示虛擬，也可用should+動詞原形，should不能省。 It is time that children should go to bed. =It is time that children went to bed. 9.It is the first (second) time that思維拓展 主句如果是一般現(xiàn)在時，后面從句用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)；如果是一般過去時，后面從句則用過去完成時態(tài)。 該句型中的

44、that從句用完成時態(tài)。該結構中that可以省去；it有時用this替換。常譯為“是第一（二、三）次”。例如： It is the first time I have been here. =This is the first time I have been here. 10.It issince思維拓展 主句中是時間作表語，其時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時或完成時，since引導的從句通常是一般過去時態(tài)，而且是瞬間動詞。 該句型主要用作處理瞬間動詞的完成時和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用的問題。例如： It is (has been) 5 years since his father died. It is 5 years since he joined the army. 自從他參軍5年了。 It is 5 years since he was in the army. 自從他退伍已經(jīng)5年了。思維拓展 11.It bebefore主句中的表語多是long, 3 days等表示時間段的詞或短語。常譯為“之后”。 該句型主句中的it指時間，主句中的時態(tài)常是一般將來時或過去時兩種時態(tài)。例如： It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. It will be not l