高中英語語法講解虛擬語氣

1、高中英語語法講解-虛擬語氣1. 語氣的定義和種類（1）語氣的定義語氣是動詞的一種形式，它表示說話人對某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。（2）語氣的種類A. 陳述語氣表示動作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實的、確定的或符合事實的，用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。We are not ready.Did it rain all day yesterday?What a fine day today！B. 祈使語氣表使說話人的建議、請求、邀請、命令等。Be careful.Dont forget to close the window.Open the door, please.C. 虛擬語氣表使動作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實

2、，而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測等。2. 虛擬語氣（1）辨別if 引導(dǎo)真實條件句和if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句的區(qū)別If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us.If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time.（2）虛擬條件句中主句和從句的謂與動詞構(gòu)成形式如下表if條件句中的謂與動詞主句的謂與動詞與現(xiàn)在的事實相反1. 行為動詞用did 形式2. be動詞用wereshouldwouldcould + 動詞原形mi

3、ght 與過去的事實相反had + doneshouldwouldcould + have + donemight與將來的事實相反1. 行為動詞用did2. should + 動詞原形3. were to + 動詞原形shouldwouldcould + 動詞原形might （3）混合時間的虛擬語氣如果條件句中的動作和主句的動作不是同時發(fā)生，主句和從句的謂語動詞的形式應(yīng)分別根據(jù)各自所表示的時間加以調(diào)整。1. If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today.2. If he had telephoned me last

4、night, I would see him now.3. If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be all right now.4. If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.5. If he had listened to me, he _ be in such trouble now.A. haventB. would notC. had notD. would havent答案：5. B

5、（4）should/ could / might/ ought to + have done 表示“過去本應(yīng)該/可以做而實際上卻沒做”neednt have done 表示“過去沒必要作而實際上做了”1. Wang Fang _ college last year. Unfortunately, he couldnt take the examinations because of a sudden illness.A. could go B did goC. could have goneD. must have gone2. The plant is dead. I _ it more w

6、ater.A. will giveB. would have goneC. must giveD. should have gone3. I could have done better if I _ more time.A. have hadB. hadC. had hadD. will have had4. He _ told you that.A. needs not haveB. neednt haveC. neednt hasD. will have had5. You _ it to your father. Why not？ A. would tellB. should tell

7、C. would have toldD. should have told6. Even if you had not been able to come last week, you _ us know.A. shall have letB. had letC. have had letD. should have let答案：16 CDCBDD（5）虛擬語氣中的倒裝句如果虛擬語氣的條件從句謂語動詞中含有were, had, could, should，有時可將if省去，而將條件從句的主語置于were, had, should, could 之后。Had you invited us, we

8、 would have come to your party.Were I you, I would do more practice after class.Could she lend us a helping hand, she would do so.1. _ he would have succeeded in the examination.A. Had he worked hardB. If he worked hardC. If he works hardD. If he has worked hard2. _ it rain tomorrow, we would stay a

9、t home.A. ShouldB. BeC. WereD. Will3. _, he would teach us how to solve the problem.A. Were he hereB. Was he hereC. If he isD. Is he here4. _, we should be glad.A. Were they to arrive tomorrowB. They were to arrive tomorrowC. They would arrive tomorrowD. They arrive tomorrow5. _ the clouds, you woul

10、d find the airplane in the sky easily.A .Were it not forB. If it had not been forC. If it were not D. Had it not been for答案：15 AAAAA （6）wish 后面的賓語從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣， 表示“可惜；.就好了； 悔不該； 但愿。”主句謂語從句謂語wish時態(tài)謂語動詞的形式現(xiàn)在時表示與wish同時發(fā)生動詞用過去時be動詞用were過去時表示在wish之前發(fā)生的動作動詞用had donebe用had been將來時表示在wish之后發(fā)生的動作動詞用would do

11、; should dobe 用 would be ; should be1. I wish I knew the key to the answer.2. I wish I were ten years younger.3. I wish that I had gone to the football match last week.4. I wish that you had been here yesterday.5. He wishes that we would visit the old school.6. How I wish these boys would be quiet.7

12、. I wish I _ you yesterday.A. sawB. did seeC. had seenD. were to see8. Have you visited the Science Museum?No, but I really wish I _.A. willB. haveC. didD. had9. I wish that the rain _ stop.A. willB. wouldC mayD. can答案：79 CDB（7）表示命令或建議動詞suggest, insist, propose, desire, demand, request, order, comma

13、nd 后的賓語從句中應(yīng)使用虛擬 should +動詞原形； should 不可用would 來替代; 主句所使用的動詞時態(tài)不限。1. The teacher insisted that every student _ every other line.A. writesB. writeC. would writeD. wrote2. Jacks father insists _ in this hotel.A. not stayingB not to stayC. that he not stayD. staying not3. They insisted that you _ them a

14、quick answer.A. should giveB. gaveC. must giveD. would give4. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules.A. obeysB. obeyC. will obeyD. would obey答案：14 BCAB（8）suggest 為“建議去做; 命令”從句用should + do為“ 說明； 暗示”, 從句用過去時或過去完成時。1. The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a

15、 day.2. The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold.3. The expression on her face suggests that she knew the secret.4. They suggested that these books _ at once.A. should take awayB. would be taken awayC. be taken awayD. take away5. I suggested a meeting _ to discuss the matter.A.

16、 will be heldB. would be heldC. should holdD. be held6. His silence at the meeting suggested _ to your plan.A. didnt agreeB. hadnt agreedC. wouldnt agreeD. shouldnt agree答案：46 CDA（9）insist “堅持要去做，堅持應(yīng)該去做”，從句用should + do 為“堅持表明，堅持說/解釋”， 從句用過去時或過去完成時。1. She insisted that she _ ill of him behind him, bu

17、t he didnt believe.A. hadnt spokenB. shouldnt speakC. wouldnt speakD. not speak2. He insisted that we _ the boy to hospital.A. takeB. tookC. would takeD. will take3. He insisted that he _ our car.A. should stealB. would stealC. hadnt stolenD. steal4. The teacher commanded that all his students _ the

18、ir homework after class.A. would hand inB. should hand inC. handed inD. might hand in5. The workers requested that their working conditions _.A. must be improved B. be improvedC. would be improvedD. were improved6. They required that the crops _ harvested at once.A. should beB. beC. are D. must be答案

19、：16 BACBBA（10）虛擬語氣也用于表語從句和主語從句中，表示間接的命令、要求、請求、建議、決定等，主句的主語通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。表語從句中的謂語動詞是should +動詞原型，should 可以省略。1. His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question again.2. My advice is that we should start at five tomorrow morning.3. The

20、teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _ two weeks to prepare for the exam.A. giveB. should giveC. be givenD. would be given4. Their demand is that their wages _ increased by 20%.A. beB. shouldC. will beD. must be5. It is suggested that the meeting _ place at 8 oclock.A. be taken B. take

21、C. would takeD. should be taken6. It is suggested that we _ a lot of trees along the river.A. should be plantedB . would plantC. should plantD. could plant答案：36 CABC（11）在主語從句中，當(dāng)從句用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜等，從句的謂語動詞用需擬語氣形式。其謂語動詞時should + 動詞原型， 或should 省略。It is necessary thatIt is important thatIt is natural thatI

22、t is strange thatIt is surprising thatIt is impossible thatIt is great pity thatIt will be better thatIt is suggested thatIt is ordered that.It is demanded that1. It is really surprising that the girl _ so early.A. has married B. had marriedC. marryD. will marry2. is necessary that you _ present at

23、the discussion.A. will beB. areC. should be D. be3. He has been studying so hard. It is natural that he _ tomorrow exam.A. passed B. have passedC. will beD should pass4. It is demanded that the polluted water _ clean.A. should makeB should be madeC. would makeD would be made答案：14 CCDB【模擬試題】1. If the

24、re were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier.A. will be B. would have beenC. could have been D. would be2. If I _ you, Id join the army.A. amB. wasC. wereD. would be3. If he _ tomorrow, he would find Mr Wang in the office.A. comesB. will comeC. should comeD. come4. If it _ next week , the crop

25、s would be saved.A. rainsB. will rainsC. would rainD. should rain5. If I _ it, I would do it in a different way.A. were to doB. doC. had doneD. was to do6. Supposing the weather _ bad, where would you go ?A. isB. will beC. wereD. be7. If he had worked harder, he _.A. would succeedB. had succeededC.

26、should succeedD. would have succeeded8. If he _, he _ that food.A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken9. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going.A. had been; would have preventedB. had been; would preventC. were; would preventD. were;