建筑結構英語常用詞匯

1、.總體設計generaldesign設計依據(jù)designbasis建筑紅線buildingline建筑系數(shù)coefficientofbuildingoccupation界區(qū)batterylimited有效面積effectivearea使用面積usablearea結構面積structuralarea建筑面積buildingarea建筑面積密度densityofbuildingarea豎向布置verticalplanning高程altitude等高線contourline相對標高relativeelevation絕對標高absolutealtitude地震基本烈度basicearthquakein

2、tensity抗震設防烈度fortificationintensity風玫瑰windrose建筑朝向buildingorientation建筑間距buildingdistance公頃hectare指北針northarrow測北geophicalnorth建北plantnorth氣象meteorology日照sunshine天然采光naturallighting人工照明artificantlight;artificialillumination照度degreeofillumination通風ventilation正壓通風positiveventilating噪聲noise隔聲soundinsul

3、ation吸聲soundabsorption保溫隔熱heatinsulation露點dewpoint冷橋cold-bridge遮陽sunshade恒溫恒濕constanttemperature&constanthumidity消聲noiseelimination;noisereduction防振antivibration4.2建筑一般詞匯conventionaltermsofarchitecture方案scheme;draft草圖sketch透視圖.2perspectivedrawing建筑構圖architecturalcomposition坐標coordinate縱坐標ordinate橫坐標

4、abscissa跨度span開關baystair梯段stairslab樓梯平臺stairlanding安全出口safetyexit疏散樓梯escapestaircase樓梯間stairwell封閉樓梯間enclosurestaircasefire-resistivegrade生產類別classificationofproduction耐火極限durationoffire-resistance防火間距file-breakdistance泄壓面積areaofpressurerelease悶頂mezanine;mezzanine磚標號gradeofbrick;strengthofenclosurew

5、all女兒墻parapetwall隔墻partition（浴室、廁所）隔斷stall窗間墻pier墻垛pillar過梁lintel進深防煙樓梯間brick圈梁depth層高floorheight凈高clearheight;headroom橫數(shù)module;modulus裙房skirtbuilding樓梯smokepreventionstairwell消防電梯間emergencyelevatorswell自動扶梯escalator中庭atrium疏散走道escapecorridor;escapeway耐火等級承重墻bearingwall非承重墻non-bearingwall擋土墻retainin

6、gwall填充墻fillerwall圍護墻curtainwall;claddingwall;gird;girt;girth防潮層damp-proofcourse勒腳plinth橫梁transversebeam縱橫longitudinalwall山墻3gable;gablewall電化學腐蝕鋼筋混凝土porcelainenamelbrick防火墻firewall壓頂coping勾縫pointing磚砌平拱brickflatarch預埋件embeddedinserts直抓梯ladder欄桿railing防腐蝕corrosionresistant;anticorrosion化學溶蝕chemicale

7、rosion膨脹腐蝕expansioncorrosion化學腐蝕electro-chemicalcorrosion晶間腐蝕intergranularcorrosion氣相腐蝕gaseouscorrosion液相腐蝕liquidoidcorrosion固相腐蝕solidcorrosion腐蝕裕度allowanceforcorrosion銹蝕rusting4.3建筑材料buildingmaterials級配砂石gradedsand&gravel素土夯實rammedearth灰土lime-soil素混凝土reinforcedconcrete(r.c)細石混凝土fineaggregateconcret

8、e輕質混凝土lightweightconcrete加氣混凝土aerocrete;aerocreteconcrete陶?；炷羉eramsiteconcrete水泥膨脹珍珠巖cement&expendedpearlite巖棉mineralwool;minewool瀝青asphalt卷材felt瑪蹄脂asphaltmastic粘土磚claybrick空心磚hollowbrick砌塊block缸磚guarrybrick錦磚mosac地面磚pavingbrick防滑地磚non-slipbrick耐酸磚（板）acidbrick(acidtile)膠泥mastic粘土瓦cloytile玻璃瓦enamell

9、edtile波形鍍鋅鋼板galvanizedcorrugatesteelchemicalcorrosionplainconcrete釉面磚sheet4玻璃鋼瓦glass-fiberreinforcedplastictile彩色壓型鋼（鉛）板colouredcorrugatesteel(aluminium)plat;profiuingcolouredstccl(aluminium)plat石棉水泥瓦ashestos-cementsheet水磨石terrajjo水刷石graniteplaster花崗石granite磨光花崗石polishedgranite剁斧石artificialstone大理石m

10、arble水泥砂漿抹面cementplaster石灰砂漿抹面limeplaster水泥石灰砂漿抹面cement-limeplaster刀灰打底hemp-cutandlimeasbase原木log方木squaretimber板材plank膠合板plywood三夾板3plywood五夾板5plywood平板玻璃flatglass浮法玻璃float-processglass磨砂玻璃groundglass;frostedglass起玻璃prismglass夾絲玻璃wireglass夾層玻璃sandwichglass中空玻璃hollowglass鋼化玻璃reinforcedglass鍍膜玻璃coatin

11、gglass有機玻璃organicglass4.4建筑構造及配件buildingconstructioncomponent鋪砌paving地坪grade基層bedding素土夯實rammedearth墊層base結合層bondingcourse面層covering隔離層insulationcourse活動地板raisingfloor;movablefloor;accessfloor篦子板grating&地面提示塊groundprompt遮陽板sunshade窗套windowmoulding護角curbguard5防水層water-proofcourse找平層levelingcourse隔熱層h

12、eatinsulationcourse保溫層thermalinsulationcourse檁條purlin天窗skylight天棚ceiling吊頂suspendingceiling吊頂龍骨ceilingjoist雨水口draingulley水斗leadhead雨水管leader;downspout天溝valley挑檐overhangingeave檐口eave泛水flashing分水線watershed檐溝eavegutter匯水面積catchmentarea雨罩canopy散水apron坡道ramp臺階entrancesteps保溫門thermalinsulationdoor隔聲門（窗）so

13、undinsulationdoor(window);acousticaldoor(window)防火門（窗）firedoor(window)冷藏門freezerdoor安全門exitdoor防護門（窗）protectiondoor(window)屏蔽門（窗）shielddoor(window)防風砂門radiationresistingdoor(window)密閉門（窗）weathertightdoor泄壓門（窗）pressurereleasedoor(window)壁柜門closetdoor變壓器間門transformerroomdoor圍墻門gate車庫門garagedoor保險門safe

14、door引風門ventilationdoor檢修門accessdoor平開門（窗）side-hungdoor推拉門（窗）slidingdoor彈簧門swingdoor折迭門foldingdoor卷簾門rollingdoor轉門revolvingdoor6夾板門plywooddoor拼板門換氣窗ventsast上懸窗落地窗frenchwindow玻璃幕墻sillplate防護鐵柵barricade;irongrille;flbdoor(framed,ledgedandbatteneddoor);matchboarddoor實拼門soliddoor鑲板門paneldoor鑲玻璃門glazeddoo

15、r玻璃門glassdoor鋼木門steel&woodendoor百頁門shutterdoor連窗門doorwithsidewindow傳遞窗deliverywindow觀察窗observationwindowtop-hungwindow中懸窗center-pivotedwindow下懸窗bottom-hungwindow立轉窗verticallypivotedwindow固定窗fixedwindow單層窗singlewindow雙層窗doublewindow百頁窗shutter帶形窗continuouswindow子母扇窗attachedsashwindow組合窗compositewindow

16、glazedcurtainwall門（窗）框door(window)frame拼樘料transom（橫），mullion（豎）門（窗）扇door(window)leaf(平開窗扇casementsash)紗扇screensash亮子transom,fanlight門心板pancl披水板weatherboard貼臉板trim筒子板lining窗臺板grating合頁butts;hinges;butthinges執(zhí)手knob撐檔catch滑道slidingtrack插銷bolt拉手pull推板pushplate門鎖morticelock;doorlock執(zhí)手鎖morticelockwithknob

17、4.5建筑結構buildingstructure74.5.1荷載load活荷載liveload靜荷載，恒載deadload靜力荷載staticload移動荷載movingload動力荷載dynamicload沖擊荷載impactload附加荷載superimposedload規(guī)定荷載（又稱標準荷載）specifiedload集中荷載concentratedload分布荷載distributedload設計荷載designload軸向荷載axialload偏心荷載eccentricload風荷載windload風力、風壓windforce、windpressure雪荷載snowload屋面積灰荷

18、載roofashload（吊車）最大輪壓maximumwheelload吊車荷載craneload安裝荷載erectionload施工荷載constructionload不對稱荷載unsymmetricalloading重復荷載repeatedload剛性荷載rigidload柔性荷載flexibleload臨界荷載criticalload容許荷載admissibleload,allowableloadsafeload極限荷載ultimateload條形荷載stripload破壞荷載failureload,loadatfailure地震荷載seismicload;earthquakeload荷

19、載組合combinationofload4.5.2地基和基礎soilandfoundation地基(bed)soil天然地基naturalground人工地基artificialground混凝土基礎concretefoundation;concretefooting毛石基礎rubblemasonryfooting;(rubble)stonefooting磚基礎brickworkfooting樁基礎pilefoundation設備基礎equipmentfoundation機器基礎machinefoundation獨立基礎individualfooting,isolatedfoundationp

20、adfoundation聯(lián)合基礎combinedfooting8大塊式基礎floatingfoundation基礎埋置深度pilegroup;pileclustermassivefoundation沉箱（井）基礎depthofembedment斜樁條形基礎stripfoundation;stripfootingstrapfooting;continuousfootingcaissonfoundation構架式基礎framefoundation深基礎deepfoundationfoundation地下連續(xù)墻undelgroundcontinuouswall打樁piledrivingbatterp

21、ile預制樁precastpile灌注樁in-situpile;cast-in-place方形基礎基礎打樁機pilesquarefootingfootingfoundationpileengine;piledriver;ramcast-in-situpile;filling杯形基礎基槽mactuinepilefootingsocketfoundationditch;foundation鋼樁板樁板式基礎trenchsteelpilesheetpileslab-foundation;matfooting階梯形基礎steppedfoundation;benchedfoundation(stepped

22、footing)擴展基礎spreadfooting擴底基礎under-reamedfoundation浮伐基地raftfoundation;buoyantfoundation基坑foundationpit基礎板foundationslab基礎梁foundationbeamfootingbeam基礎底面foundationbase基礎底板foundationmat基礎墊層foundation-bed水樁woodpile;timberpile鋼筋混凝土樁reinforcedconcretepile砂樁sandpile石灰樁limepile;limecolumn;quicklimepile單樁sin

23、glepile群樁拆密樁compactionpile擠密砂樁sandcompactionpile灰土擠密樁line-soilcompactionpile鉆孔樁boredpile打入樁driuenpile摩擦樁frictionpile;buoyantpile9端承樁endbearingpile;pointbearingpile;columnpile(柱樁）支承樁bearingpile抗拔樁tensionpile;upliftpile;抗滑樁anti-sliclepile樁承臺pilecap樁帽pilecap;pilecouel樁頭pilecrown;pilehead樁端piletip樁身pile

24、shaft樁距pilespacing樁鋼筋籠pilecage試樁testpile樁荷載試驗pileloadtest樁的動荷載試驗dynamicloadtestofpile樁的側向荷載試驗lateralpileloadtest樁的極限荷載ultimatepileload樁承載能力pilecapacity;bearingcapacityofapilecarryingcapacityofapile土壓力earthpressure主動土壓力activeearthpressure被動土壓力passiveearthpressure靜止土壓力earthpressureatrest容許地耐力allowable

25、bearingstrength冰凍深度frozendepth;frostdepth;frostpenetrationdepthoffrostpenetration防凍深度frost-proofdepth粘土類土clayeysoil輕亞粘土sandyloam亞粘土sandyclay;loam砂質土sandysoil砂礫石sandygravelstratum膨脹土expansivesoil硬質土，硬盤巖，硬土層hardpan液限liquidlimit塑限plasticlimit塑料指數(shù)indexofplasticity松軟土mellowsoil;spongysoil回填土backfillrefil

26、ling雜填土miscellaneousfill地表水surfacewater;地下水groundwater地下水位groundwatereltualion;groundwaterlevel;groundwatertable容重unitweight干容重dryunitweight濕容重wetunitweight飽和容重saturatedunitweight10不均勻沉降unequalsettlement;differentialsettlement地基處理groundtreatment地基加固groundstabilization;soilimprovement土質查勘soilexplorat

27、ion地質勘察geologicalexploration沉陷settlement傾斜obliquity;inclination滑移sliding夯實土compactedsoil夯實填土compactedfill夯實回填土tampedbackfill夯實分層厚度compactedlift持力層bearingstratum;supporting;course管道與基礎相碰pipelineinterfereswithfoundation4.5.3一般結構用語termsforgeneralstructures建筑結構buildingstructure建筑物building結構形式structuralt

28、ype混凝土（砼）結構concretestructure砌體結構masonrystructure磚砌結構brickstructure石砌結構stonestructure磚砼結構brickandconcretestructure鋼結構steelstructure結構型鋼shapesteel木結構timberstructure組合結構compositestructure框架結構framestructure梁板結構beamandslabstructure構件member承重構件load-bearingmember結構構件structuremember肋形屋蓋ribbedroof肋形樓板ribbedf

29、loorslab無梁樓板flatplate;flatslab桁架；屋架truss;rooftruss三角形屋（桁）架triangulartruss梯形屋（桁）架trapezoidaltruss拱形屋架archrooftruss折線形屋架segmentalrooftruss弓形桁架bowstringtruss框架frame排架bentframe剛架rigidframe門架portalframe抗風構架windframe11抗震構架aseismicframe梁beam;girder大梁girder主梁principalbeam;primarybeam次梁secondarybeam加腋梁haunch

30、edbeam筒支梁simplybeam固端梁fixedbeam懸臂梁cantileverbeam連續(xù)梁continuousbeam托梁spandrel圈梁girth過梁lintel曲梁curvedbeambowbeam基礎梁foundationbeam吊車梁cranegirdert形梁t-beam柱column組合柱combinationcolumn立柱post吊車柱cranecolumn抗風柱endpanelcolumn墻wall板slabplate承重墻bearingwalls柱網columngrid支撐系統(tǒng)bracesystem柱間支撐portalbracingcolumns屋石支撐ro

31、ofbracing垂直支撐verticalbracing水平支撐horizontalbracing剪刀撐crossbracing臨時頂撐,支撐shoring桁架式支撐trussedbracing斜撐kneel-bracebetween上弦topchord下弦bottomchord節(jié)間panel節(jié)點panelpoint壓桿compressionmember;strut拉桿tensionmember;tie-beam腹桿webmember斜桿diagonalmember斜腹桿diagonalwebmember吊桿hangedrod;sagrod系桿，拉桿tiebar;sagrod天窗架skylig

32、htframe12天窗monitor;skylight托座、牛腿bracket檀條purlin連接connection接點joint鉸接點hingedpoint固接點fixedjoint安裝接點erectionjoint拼接接點splicejoint節(jié)點板、連接板gussetplate;connectingbearingplate填隙板fillerplate梁柱接頭beam-columnconnections截面crosssection拱arch殼shell伸縮縫expansionjoint沉降縫settlementjoint施工縫constructionjoint防震縫aseismicjoi

33、nt4.5.4結構理論用語結構設計structuredesign按極限強度設計ultimatestrengthdesign按許可應力設計workingstressdesign按承載能力設計loadingcapacitydesign按穩(wěn)定性設計designaccordingtostability按變形設計designaccordingtodeformation結構分析structuralanalysis結構計算structuralcalculation靜定結構staticallydeterminate精確計算rigorouscalculation近似計算approximatecalculatio

34、n安全等級safetyclasses極限狀態(tài)limitstates摩擦系數(shù)coefficientoffriction質量密度massdensity重力密度weight(force)densityb)結構的作用效應術語軸向力normalforce剪力shearforceplatetermsfortheoryofstructures彎矩加勁板stiffenerplate支撐板slructuresa)設計方法術語termsfordesignmethod超靜定結構staticallyindeterminstestructuresbendingmoment扭矩torque13水平推力horizontal

35、thrust水平拉力horizontalpull水平（垂直）分力deformation彎曲bending;flexure扭轉torsionshearstrength抗變強度flcxuralstrength抗扭強度torsionalstrength截面高度heightofsection截面有效高度effectivedepthofsection載面寬度horizontal(vertical)抗裂強度breadthofsectioncomponent合力resultant正應力normalstress剪應力shearstress主應力principalstress次應力secondarystress

36、預應力prestress位移displacement撓度deflection變形c)材料性能、結構抗力術語termsofpropertyofmaterialandresistamleofstructure抗力resistancc抵抗力矩resistantemoment強度strength剛度stiffness;rigidity抗裂度crackresistance抗壓強度compressiuestrength抗拉強度tensilestrength抗剪強度crackingstrength屈服強度yieldstrength疲勞強度fatiguestrength彈性模量modulusofelastic

37、ity剪切模量shearmodulus變形模量modulusofdeformation穩(wěn)定性stabilith泊松比poissonratiod)幾何參數(shù)術語termaofgeometryparameter截面厚度thicknessofsection截面面積areaofsection截面面積矩firstmomentofarea截面慣性矩secondmomentofarea截面抵抗矩模量規(guī)范中用詞sectionmodulus回轉半徑radiusofgyration偏心距eccentricity長度length跨度span14矢高mortarleveling澆灌砼courservse長細比slend

38、ernessratio4.5.5磚石結構masonryconstruction磚砌體brickwork砌筑laying磚標號gradeofbrick;strengthof4.5.6鋼筋砼結構reinforcedconcretestructure素混凝土plainconcrete鋼筋混凝土reinforcedconcrete預應力砼prestressedconcrete砼標號gradeofconcreteconcreting;costion;pouring;placing一次澆灌atonepouring分二次澆灌poursintwooperations二次灌漿finalgrouting鋼筋保護層reinforcementprotectivecourse4.5.7配筋reinforcement配筋率percentageofreinforcement主筋mainreinforlement分布筋distributingreinforcement腹筋webreinforcement開口箍筋b