初中英語(yǔ)名詞講解與練習(xí)

1、精品好資料學(xué)習(xí)推薦 (二）名詞I. 名詞的種類(lèi)：專(zhuān)有名詞普通名詞國(guó)名地名人名，團(tuán)體機(jī)構(gòu)名稱(chēng)可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞II. 名詞的數(shù)：1. 規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es?，F(xiàn)將構(gòu)成方法與讀音規(guī)則列表如下：規(guī)則例詞1一般情況在詞尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞變-f和-fe為v再加-esleaf-leave

2、s, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives加-sbelief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs4以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，或?qū)Ｓ忻~以y結(jié)尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以輔音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞有生

3、命的加-eshero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes無(wú)生命的加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos7以元音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,9以ce, se, ze, ge等結(jié)尾的名詞加-scase，oranges2. 不規(guī)則名

4、詞復(fù)數(shù)：英語(yǔ)里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，現(xiàn)歸納如下：規(guī)則例詞1改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2單復(fù)數(shù)相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, 3只有復(fù)數(shù)形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)people, police, cattle, staff5部分集體名詞

5、既可以作單數(shù)（整體）也可以作復(fù)數(shù)（成員）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義customs(海關(guān)), forces(軍隊(duì)), times(時(shí)代), spirits(情緒), drinks(飲料), sands(沙灘), papers(文件報(bào)紙), manners(禮貌), looks(外表), brains(頭腦智力), greens(青菜), ruins(廢墟)7表示“某國(guó)人”加-

6、sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans單復(fù)數(shù)同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的改為-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends無(wú)主體名詞時(shí)將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)women singers,

7、 men servantsIII. 名詞的所有格：名詞在句中表示所有關(guān)系的語(yǔ)法形式叫做名詞所有格。所有格分兩種：一是名詞詞尾加s構(gòu)成，二是由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成。前者多表示有生命的東西，后者多表示無(wú)生命的東西。1. s所有格的構(gòu)成：?jiǎn)螖?shù)名詞在末尾加sthe boys father, Jacks book, her son-in-laws photo,復(fù)數(shù)名詞一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother, 不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加sthe childrens toys, womens rights, 以s結(jié)尾的人名所有格加s或者Dickens novels, Cha

8、rless job, the Smiths house表示各自的所有關(guān)系時(shí),各名詞末尾均須加sJapans and Americas problems, Janes and Marys bikes表示共有的所有關(guān)系時(shí)在最后一詞末加sJapan and Americas problems, Jane and Marys father表示某人家店鋪，所有格后名詞省略the doctors, the barbers, the tailors, my uncles2. s所有格的用法：表示時(shí)間todays newspaper, five weeks holiday 2表示自然現(xiàn)象the earths

9、atmosphere, the trees branches3表示國(guó)家城市等地方的名詞the countrys plan, the worlds population, Chinas industry4表示工作群體the ships crew, majoritys view, the teams victory5表示度量衡及價(jià)值a miles journey, five dollars worth of apples6與人類(lèi)活動(dòng)有特殊關(guān)系的名詞the lifes time, the plays plot7某些固定詞組a birds eye view, a stones throw, at on

10、es wits end(不知所措)3. of所有格的用法：用于無(wú)生命的東西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的東西，尤其是有較長(zhǎng)定語(yǔ)時(shí)：the classrooms of the first-year students用于名詞化的詞：the struggle of the oppressed注：不同國(guó)籍人的單復(fù)數(shù) 國(guó)籍 總稱(chēng)（謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)） 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 中國(guó)人 theChinese, aChinese, twoChinese 瑞士人 theSwiss, aSwiss, twoSwiss 澳大利亞人theAustralians, a

11、nAustralian, twoAustralians 俄國(guó)人 theRussians, aRussian, twoRussians意大利人 theItalians, anItalian, twoItalians 希臘人 theGreek, aGreek, twoGreeks 法國(guó)人 theFrench, aFrenchman, twoFrenchmen 日本人 theJapanese, aJapanese, twoJapanese 美國(guó)人 theAmericans, anAmerican, twoAmericans 印度人 theIndians, anIndian, twoIndians 加

12、拿大人 theCanadians, aCanadian, twoCanadians 德國(guó)人 theGermans, aGerman, twoGermans 英國(guó)人 theEnglish, anEnglishman, twoEnglishmen 瑞典人 theSwedish, aSwede, twoSwedes4.特殊的復(fù)數(shù)形式:1）集體名詞：集體名詞不能運(yùn)用具體的數(shù)字修飾，下面的集體名詞，不能用a，one，two等修飾，只能在其前加the表示“全體”。the police警察(指全體警察)the English英國(guó)人(指全體英國(guó)人)the French法國(guó)人(指全體法國(guó)人)2）復(fù)合名詞a wo

13、man teacherwomen teachers女教師an EnglishmanEnglishmen英國(guó)男子a grown-upgrown-ups成人a brother-in-lawbrothers-in-law內(nèi)兄、內(nèi)弟、小叔、大伯5.不可數(shù)名詞專(zhuān)有名詞：NBA全美籃球協(xié)會(huì)Michael Jackson 邁克杰克遜 the West Lake西湖物質(zhì)名詞：液體：milk water tea coffee juice oil(油)肉類(lèi)：beef chicken mutton pork天氣：weather rain snow windlight光其他：news(新聞，消息) bread(面包)

14、抽象名詞：funloveluckdutykindness善良happiness幸福progress進(jìn)步【注意】有些不可數(shù)的物質(zhì)名詞有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但表達(dá)不同意義。tea different kinds of teas 不同種類(lèi)的茶food 食品 all kinds of foods 各種各樣的食品fruit 水果 all kinds of fruits 各種各樣的水果glass 玻璃a glass 一個(gè)玻璃杯glasses 眼鏡、玻璃杯名詞練習(xí)1. The _ of the room were covered with _. A. roofs, leafs B. roofs, leaves C.

15、rooves, leafs D. rooves, leaves2. There are three _ in our factory. A. woman doctors B. women doctors C. woman doctor D. women doctor3. Which do you prefer _ or _? A. potatos, tomatos B. potatos, tomatoes C. potatoes, tomatos D. potatoes, tomatoes4. They are _ of different presses(出版社). Now they are

16、 having a meeting in one of the _ office. A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chiefs B. editors-in-chief, editor-in-chiefs C. editors-in-chiefs, editors-in-chiefs D. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chiefs5. The ant has two _. A. stomaches B. stomacks C. stomach D. stomachs6. He doesnt like _ for supper. A.

17、 chick B. chicken C. chickens D. chicks7. It was _ hot weather that many of us went swimming. A. so B. such C. so as D. such a8. _ wonderful space they saw on the room! A. How B. How a C. What D. What a9. We know _ travels not so fast as light. A. sound B. sounds C. the sounds D. a sound10. My famil

18、y raise a lot of _, including two _. A. cattle, cows B. cows, cattle C. cattles, cows D. cow, cattles11. A number of soldiers _ at he camp gate（軍營(yíng)門(mén)口）. A. have gathered B. has gathered C. is D. was12. The Browns have spent a large _ of money on their new car. A. deal B. amount C. number D. size13. _

19、work has been done to improve the peoples living standard. A. Many B. A great many C. A great deal of D. A number of14. Mr Li shook _ warmly with a friend. A. hand B. a hand C. hands D. the hands15. Two _, please. A. coffee B. coffees C. cup of coffee D. cups coffee16. I cant pay as _ as he asked fo

20、r. A. high price a B. high price C. a high price D. high a price17. _ knowledge of space develops rapidly. A. Mans B. Mens C. Mens D. Persons18.I stayed at _. A. Xiao Wangs B. Wangs home C. the Wangs D. home of Wang19. Sister Carrie works in a _ factory. A. shoes B. shoses C. shoe D. shoes20. Have y

21、ou ever read _? A. today newspaper B. newspaper today C. newspaper of today D. todays newspaper21. Two _ walk didnt made me tired. A. hour B. hours C. hours D. hours22. The mother over there is _ mother. A. Julia and Mary B. Julia and Marys C. Julias and Marys D. Julias and Mary23. Li Mings handwrit

22、ing is better than _ in the class. A. anyones B. anyone else C. anyones elses D. anyone elses24. The children are playing _ on the _. A. sand, sand B. sands, sands C. sand, sands D. sands, sand25. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller _. A. set B. one C. copy D. pair26. Tom usually takes a _

23、in bus on rainy days. A. walk B. ride C. trip D. travel27. We have no _ about where she has gone. A. information B. news C. message D. flash28. Food and _ are daily necessities（需要）for the people. A. cloth B. clothe C. clothes D. clothing29. My _ of hearing is not so good as it used to be. A. strengt

24、h B. sense C. power D. skill30. The _ caused by carelessness _ yesterday. Many workers were killed. A. incident, was happened B. matter, happened C. event, was taken place D. accident, took place31. The room was so quiet that she could hear the _ of her heart. A. beating B. ways C. knocking D. strik

25、ing32. _ has been told not to throw waste things anywhere. A. The public B. People C. Women D. Man33. He was an _ in the government _. A. office, official B. official, office C. officer, office D. official, officer34. There are several _ in this novel who are different in _. A. character, character

26、B. characters, characters C. character, characters D. characters, character35. We visited him _ when he was in hospital. A. every other days B. each other day C. every other day D. every two day36. My friend will return in _. A. one day or two B. a day or two C. one day or two D. a or two days37. _

27、is always difficult for me. A. Translation B. Translate C. The translation D. A translation38. _ of this novel is excellent, quite to my surprise. A. Translation B. Translate C. The translation D. A translation39. The police _ looking into the matter now. A. be B. is C. are D. are going to40. The Ch

28、inese are _ brave and hard working people. A. the B. a C. / D. one41. No news _ good news. A. is B. are C. have D. has42. Maths still _ very difficult for me, though I have done my best. A. looks B. seems C. is D. are43. “Where _ my trousers?” the boy asked. A. is B. was C. were D. are44. How happy

29、they are! Obviously, they are _. A. in nice spirits B. in nice spirit C. in high spirits D. in high spirit45. I saw many _ seated in the corner reading something. A. Japanese B. Japaneses C. of Japanese D. of Japaneses46. Father went to his doctor for _ about his heart trouble. A. an advice B. advic

30、e C. advices D. the advices47. We are _ and they are _. A. Englishmen, Germans B. Englishmen, German C. Englishmans, Germans D. Englishmen, Germen48. _ are made of _. A. A glass, a glass B. Glasses, glass C. The glass, the glass D. Glasses, glasses49. Ill have to buy _ trousers. A. a B. two C. a pai

31、r of D. a couple of50. There are two _ in our class. A. Liu B. Lius C. Lius D. Lius51. _ is needed in cold countries. A. A lot of clothes B. Much clothing C. Many a cloth D. Lots of clothes52. They are _. A. mathematics student B. mathematic students C. students in mathematics D. mathematics student

32、s53. The laboratory assistant recorded the _ reactions（反應(yīng)）. A. mouses B. mice C. mices D. mices54. This letter was sent by _.A. my father friend B. my father friends C. a friend of my fathers D. a friend of my father55. Ten years had passed. I found she had _. A. a little white hair B. some white ha

33、ir C. a few white hair D. a few white hairs56. I have made _ with Billy. A. friends B. friend C. a friend D. the friend57. The population of Beijing is _ than that of Xian. A. more B. larger C. fewer D. small58. There are thirty-two _ in our school. A. woman teacher B. women teacher C. women teacher

34、s D. woman teachers59. He had tried everything but it made little_ .A. use B. good C. difference D. result60. You must get there within half an hour. There should be no_ in sending the blood to the dying man.A. wait B. delay C. time D. hurry61. Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying sh

35、ould make any_ .A. excuse B. sense C. use D. value62. -How dare you play on such thin ice? -Playing on ice is not my _of spare time.A. idea B. thought C. mind D. intention63. Helen said she would like to go to Atlanta by air, but I wonder if she has enough money to pay for the_ .A. travel B. tourism

36、 C. journey D. course64. One splendid mountain_ followed another during our journey from Mieheel more to Rurunz.A. view B. glance C. screen D. scene65.The new law will come into _on the day it is passed. (1999上海)A. effect B. use C. service D. existence66. When you play football, what _do you play?A.

37、 situation B. place C. part D. position67. Its important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the_in language studies.A. situation B. expression C. condition D. translation68. I wrote him a letter to show my _of his thoughtfulness.A. achievement B. agreement C. view D. appreciation名詞答案：1

38、5 BBDDD 610 BBCAA 1115 ABCCB 1620 DAACD 2125 DBDCD 2630 BADBD 3135 AABDC 3640 BACCB 4145 ABDCA 4650 BABCB 5155 BDDCD 5660 ABCCB6165 BACAA 6670 DAD (三）冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞（a, an），定冠詞（the），和零冠詞。I. 不定冠詞的用法：1指一類(lèi)人或事，相當(dāng)于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.3表示“每一”相當(dāng)于ever

39、y，oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示“相同”相當(dāng)于the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不認(rèn)識(shí)此人或與某名人有類(lèi)似性質(zhì)的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were outThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.6用于固定詞組中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用于quite, rather, many, half, what, suc

40、h之后This room is rather a big one.8用于so(as, too, how)+形容詞之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.II. 定冠詞的用法：1表示某一類(lèi)人或物The horse is a useful animal.2用于世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物名詞前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示說(shuō)話雙方都了解的或上文提到過(guò)的人或事Would you mind opening the door? 4用于樂(lè)器前面play the violin, play the gu

41、itar5用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類(lèi)人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫婦”the Greens, the Wangs7用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)前He is the taller of the two children.8用于國(guó)家黨派等以及江河湖海，山川群島的名詞前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前The compass was invented in China.10在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代in the

42、 1990s11用于表示單位的名詞前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞，及表示時(shí)間的詞組前He patted me on the shoulder.III. 零冠詞的用法：1專(zhuān)有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名地名等名詞前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2名詞前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前Mar

43、ch, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前Lincoln was made President of America.5學(xué)科，語(yǔ)言，球類(lèi)，棋類(lèi)名詞前He likes playing football/chess.6與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前by train, by air, by land7以and連接的兩個(gè)相對(duì)的名詞并用時(shí)husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8 表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前Horses are useful animals.練習(xí)題填空There is _picture o

44、f _ elephant on _ wall 2This is _ useful bookIve read it for _hour 3 _elephant is much heavier than _ horse 4 _doctor told him to take _ medicine three times _day 5Lets go out for _ walk 6Its too hotOpen _ door，please 7There is _ woman over there _woman is Meimeis mother 8 _sun rises in _ east 9 _Ch

45、angjiang River is _ longest river in _ China 10Are you going to do it _ second time？ 11Washington is _ capital of _ USA 12 _Turners are living at the end of _Turner Street 13He joined the army in _ spring of _1995 14 _old man is _teacherHe likes playing _basketball after _ supper 15After I had _ quick breakfast，I hurried to school 16Are _ sheep kept by _ farmers for producin