Unit1Advertising語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)及語(yǔ)法精解

1、語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)及語(yǔ)法精解詞匯1. share n. 一份（報(bào)酬、責(zé)任、權(quán)利等），股份，If you want a share of the pay, you llhave to do your share of the work.如果你想得到一份報(bào)酬，就得做好你該分擔(dān)的那一份工作。She owns 5000 shares in the compa ny.她擁有公司的五千股份。Childre n should have a share in decidi ng which subjects they study.孩子們應(yīng)可參與決定學(xué)習(xí)哪些課程。Vt. to join with other people

2、in owning, using , or doing somethi ng分享，共有，分擔(dān)Everyone in the house shares the same bathroom.家里的人都共用一個(gè)浴室。He sure wellw in the match, but I don share his faith in the team.他肯定我們會(huì)贏這場(chǎng)比賽，但我沒(méi)有他對(duì)球隊(duì)的那種信念。also 又作 share out , to divide and give out in shares分配，均分His property was shared betwee n his childre n

3、.他的財(cái)產(chǎn)由他的孩子們平分了。2. be used to有用句型：be（get） used to sth; be used to doi ng sth 習(xí)慣于（某事）的；She gets used to En glish food.她開(kāi)始習(xí)慣英國(guó)的食物。Im not used to getti ng up so early.我不習(xí)慣起得那么早。相關(guān)鏈接:be used to do sthused to do sthwould do sthA computer can be used to do all its acco un ts.電腦可以用來(lái)計(jì)算所有的賬目。I don play tennis

4、 much these days, but I used to.我最近不太打網(wǎng)球，可是過(guò)去常打。We used to work in the same office and we would ofte n have coffee together.我們以前在同一個(gè)辦公室工作，并且經(jīng)常一起喝咖啡。注意：used to do sth表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常、總是或有規(guī)律地發(fā)生的事，但現(xiàn)在不一定還那么做。usedntto否定縮略形式，used to也常常被看作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。3. advertise, vt.做廣告：為做公開(kāi)啟事，尤指贊揚(yáng)（某一產(chǎn)品或企業(yè)）的質(zhì)量或優(yōu)勢(shì)以促銷(xiāo)1）. to make known; cal

5、l attention to: 引起注意：使變得著名；引起對(duì)的注意：I advertised my inten ti on to resig n.渲染我要辭職的意向2）. to warn or notify: 告誡，告知：This event advertises me that there is such a fact as death.這件事告誡我有死亡這樣的事實(shí)vi （不及物動(dòng)詞）1）. to call the atte ntion of the public to a product or bus in ess.做廣告：引起公眾對(duì)產(chǎn)品或企業(yè)的注意We advertised throug

6、h the n ewspaper for the products of our factory.我們通過(guò)報(bào)紙宣傳我們廠的產(chǎn)品。2) . to inquire or seek in a public notice, as in a newspaper: 登廣告： 在公告，如報(bào)紙上詢(xún)問(wèn)或?qū)ふ遥篐e advertised for an apartme nt whe n he just arrived in this city.在他剛到這個(gè)城市時(shí)他登廣告尋求公寓房4. recommend, vt.(及物動(dòng)詞)1) . to praise or comme nd (one) to ano ther a

7、s being worthy or desirable; en dorse:推薦：向另外一個(gè)人稱(chēng)贊或推薦(某人或物)，認(rèn)為其有價(jià)值或合人心意；擔(dān)保：They recomme nded him for the job.他們推薦他做那項(xiàng)工作。He recomme nded a seda n in stead of a stati on wag on.他推薦了轎子而不是馬車(chē)2) . to make (the possessor, as of an attribute) attractive or acceptable: 使受歡迎：使(其擁有者，如其品質(zhì)之擁 有者)具有吸收力或使之可?。篐on est

8、y recomme nds any pers on.任何一個(gè)人都?xì)g迎誠(chéng)實(shí)的品質(zhì)Your plan has very little to recommend it.你的計(jì)劃幾乎毫無(wú)可取之處。3) . to commit to the charge of ano ther; en trust.托付：將交給另一個(gè)人掌管；信托She recomme nd a child to her friend whe n was away.她不在家時(shí)把小孩子托給她的朋友照管。4) . to advise or coun sel:勸告：建議或忠告：She recomme nded that we avoid giv

9、i ng offen se.她建議我們避免找麻煩vi.(不及物動(dòng)詞)1). to give advice or coun sel:建議：給以勸告或忠告：He recomme nded aga inst sig ning an intern ati onal agreeme nt他建議別簽署國(guó)際協(xié)定。5. determ in e, vt.(及物動(dòng)詞)1) . to decide or settle (a dispute, for example) conclusively and authoritatively.判定：結(jié)論性、權(quán)威性地決定或解決(糾紛等)He determ ined to go.

10、他決意要去。I am determined to do better than Mike.我決心比邁克做得更好。He determ ined to go that he (should) go at once.他決心立刻就走。2) . to cause (some one) to come to a con clusi on or resoluti on.使(某人)得出結(jié)論，使得出解決方法He has not determ ined what he will study.他還沒(méi)有決定學(xué)什么。His advice determined me to drink and smoke no more.

11、 他的勸告使我決定不再抽煙喝酒了。3) . to be the cause of; regulate:成為的原因；控制：Dema nd determ ines product ion.需求決定生產(chǎn)4) . to give direct ion to:定向：指出方向：The man ageme nt committee determ ines departme ntal policy.管理委員會(huì)決定各部門(mén)的政策vi.(不及物動(dòng)詞)1). to reach a decisi on; resolve.解決，決定：作出決定；They determ ined on an early start.他們決定

12、早些出發(fā)。I have determ ined on up on going to the coun tryside after graduati on.我已決定畢業(yè)后到農(nóng)村去。6. appeal, vi.1) .呼吁；懇求The gover nmen t is appeali ng to every one to save water.政府呼吁每個(gè)人節(jié)約用水。The victims families of the murder have appealed to the Supreme Court to have a defi nitive an swer.謀殺案的被害家屬已經(jīng)請(qǐng)求最高法院作確

13、切的答復(fù)。2) .(常與to連用)吸引；引起興趣She appeals to me.我對(duì)她感興趣。Bright colours appeal to small childre n.小孩喜歡鮮艷的顏色。Does the idea of work ing for a ven ture compa ny appeal to you?你有沒(méi)有興趣到合資企業(yè)去工作？3) . n.呼吁；懇求an appeal for forgiven ess懇求原諒The teacher liste ned to his appeal.老師傾聽(tīng)了他的要求。4) .(常與to連用)上訴；訴諸于appeal a decisi

14、 on to a higher court不服判決提出上訴He appealed aga inst the judges decisi on.他不服法官判決而上訴。7. approach vt., vi.1).走近；靠近We approached the museum.我們走近博物館。2）.（首次）接洽Did he approach you about a loa n?他與你談了借款的事了嗎？3）.開(kāi)始考慮；開(kāi)始著手He approached the idea with cauti on.他開(kāi)始認(rèn)真地考慮那個(gè)主意。He approached the new job with en thusia

15、sm.他滿懷熱情地去干新的工作。4）.接近，近似The populati on of our city is approachi ng 5 milli on我們這個(gè)城市的人口接近500萬(wàn)It is not allowed to approach the forbidde n area.這里是禁區(qū)不許接近。The time is approach ing whe n we must be on board.我們上船的時(shí)間快到了。習(xí)慣用法at the approach of在快到的時(shí)候be approach ing （to）與差不多，大致相等be difficult of approach（指地方

16、）難到達(dá)的；（指人）難于接近的be easy of approach（指地方）容易到達(dá)的，交通方便的；（指人）容易接近的make an approach to對(duì)進(jìn)行探討make approaches to sb.設(shè)法接近某人，想博得某人的好感approach sb. on sth.向某人接洽商量、交涉approach sb. about sth.向某人接洽商量、交涉approach to接近，近似，約等于；（做某事）的方法途徑8. satisfy vt. 使幸福； 使愉快；使?jié)M足，使?jié)M意This work does not satisfy me.這件工作我不滿意。I was nt satisf

17、ied with our treatme nt at that hotel, so I shall compla in to the proprietor.我不滿意我們?cè)谀羌衣灭^受到的待遇，因此我要向旅館老板投訴?！保ǔＥcof, that連用）使確信；使消除疑慮I am satisfied that he is guilty.我確信他有罪。I satisfied my employer that I had finished.我使老板相信我已經(jīng)完成adj. satisfied;感到滿意的 satisfying令人滿足的，令人滿意的The story had a satisfyi ng en d

18、i ng.那個(gè)故事的結(jié)局令人滿意。9. intend vt.想要，打算；企圖；設(shè)計(jì)；計(jì)劃；意指，意思是He intends his child for a doctor他打算讓孩子以后行醫(yī)He intends no harm. 他沒(méi)有惡意。I intend to go home. 我想回家。The book is inten ded for begi nners.本書(shū)是為初學(xué)者編寫(xiě)的。What do you intend by that remark? 你說(shuō)這話是什么意思 ？Is that what you intended? 這是你的原意嗎 ？I intend it as a stop -g

19、ap. 我想拿它湊數(shù)。相關(guān)鏈接intend系正式用語(yǔ)，指心里已有做某事的目標(biāo)或計(jì)劃” ，含有行動(dòng)堅(jiān)決”之意，如:I inten ded to write to you.我要給你寫(xiě)信。mean可與intend互換，但強(qiáng)調(diào)做事的意圖”，較口語(yǔ)化,如：I mean to go to bed earlier toni ght.今晚我想早些睡覺(jué)。propose指“公開(kāi)明確地提出自已的目的或計(jì)劃”，如：I proposed to speak for an hour.我想講一小時(shí)。習(xí)慣用法be intended to (do)意思是使；是用來(lái)be intended to be 規(guī)定為，確定為it is in

20、tended that 企圖,意圖是intend for打算供.使用；打算送給；打算使.成為；想讓.從事某事10. protect vt.保護(hù)；保衛(wèi)；準(zhǔn)備支付(匯票)protect home in dustries保護(hù)國(guó)內(nèi)工業(yè)protect sb. from dan ger保護(hù)某人免遭危險(xiǎn)A line of forts was built along the border to protect the country aga inst attack.在邊界沿線構(gòu)筑了堡壘，以防國(guó)家受到攻擊。He raised his arm to protect his face.他舉起手臂護(hù)住臉部。He is

21、 weari ng sun glasses to protect his eyes from the strong sun light.他戴著太陽(yáng)鏡以擋強(qiáng)烈的陽(yáng)光。11. aware adj.用作表語(yǔ)知道的；意識(shí)到的He was n aware of the dan ger.他沒(méi)意識(shí)至 U有危險(xiǎn)。I didn become aware of his arrival.我沒(méi)注意至U他的至U來(lái)。注意：后接從句時(shí)of要省略。Are you aware that you have hurt her feeli ngs?你有沒(méi)有察覺(jué)到你已經(jīng)傷害了她的感情了呢？I became aware how she

22、might feel.我察覺(jué)到她會(huì)有怎樣的感受。相關(guān)鏈接aware; conscious; sensible都含有意識(shí)到的”意思。aware側(cè)重感官所意識(shí)到的外界事物”，如：Everybody is aware of the importa nee of the Four Moder ni zatio ns.每個(gè)人都意識(shí)到了四化的重要性。conscious側(cè)重心理感知”，如：He is con scious of a sense of quilt. 他感至 U內(nèi)疚。sensible指“可用感官察覺(jué)到的（較復(fù)雜或抽象的事物的）”，如：I was sen sible of her sole mn

23、grief.我知道她很悲哀。unaware不知道的，沒(méi)察覺(jué)到的unconscious不省人事的，未發(fā)覺(jué)的，無(wú)意識(shí)的12. trick n.詭計(jì)，欺騙，騙術(shù)，奸計(jì)；謀略；惡作??；卑鄙的手段；輕率愚蠢行為；習(xí)慣怪癖；（貶意）秘 訣，竅門(mén)；手腕，手法；技藝，巧技；戲法，幻術(shù)；口語(yǔ)逗人的孩子；俏姑娘He exposed all the tricks of the en emy他揭露了敵人的一切陰謀詭計(jì)。a double -deal ing trick兩面派手法Tom can see through the magicia ns tricks.湯姆能看穿魔術(shù)家的戲法。戲法；把戲；花樣I can do m

24、agic tricks.我會(huì)玩魔術(shù)。He has learned the tricks of the trade他學(xué)會(huì)了這行生意的訣竅He got the money from me by a trick.他用詭計(jì)騙走了我的錢(qián)。The children played a trick on their teacher.孩子們捉弄了他們的老師。Tom has the trick of frowning.湯姆有皺眉頭的習(xí)慣。a mere trick of the light（魔術(shù)中）僅靠燈光造成的幻覺(jué)a ni ght trick夜班a pretty little trick漂亮的少女13. deal

25、 with , vt. （dealt delt） 分配，分派（out）； 分，分給，授給，發(fā)（紙牌）給以（打擊）；常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)對(duì)待，對(duì)付deal sb. hard blows 狠狠打擊某人deal the cards 分牌You have been well /badly dealt by him.你受到了他的優(yōu) /虐待。vi.交易；經(jīng)營(yíng)（in）應(yīng)付，處理，考慮，安排（with），與有關(guān)；論述，涉及（with）從事，參與；生產(chǎn)；使用，交際，打交道，（和.）來(lái)往，對(duì)待，處分，懲處，分發(fā)（尤指分紙牌）deal in tea經(jīng)營(yíng)茶葉deal with the cards 發(fā)牌He is easy

26、to deal with.他很容易打交道。The committee will deal with this complaint.委員會(huì)將要處理這份投訴The book deals with this problem.這本書(shū)論述了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。The teacher deals fairly with his pupils.這個(gè)教師公平地對(duì)待他的學(xué)生。How would you deal with an armed burglar?遇到持有武器的盜賊，你將如何對(duì)付？14. believe in 信仰；信任；相信；認(rèn)為(某事物)有價(jià)值to believe in God信仰上帝I dont belie

27、ve in the story.我不相信這件事。；我不相信這個(gè)故事。We believe in him.我們信任他。Do you believe in ghosts?你相信有鬼嗎？Some people believe in everlasting life after death.有些人相信永生。He believed in telling the truth.他相信說(shuō)的是真話He believed in homeopathy他認(rèn)為順勢(shì)療法有效I dont believe in lett ing childre n do whatever they like.我不贊成讓孩子為所欲為。15.

28、be supposed to do sth.,I suppose you are right.我想你說(shuō)得對(duì)。Lets suppose (that) the n ews is true.讓我們假定這消息是真的。Suppose your father saw you now, what would you say ？假設(shè)你父親現(xiàn)在看到了你，你該怎么說(shuō)？Creati on supposes a creator.創(chuàng)造必須先有創(chuàng)造者。I should suppose him to be about twen ty.我猜他是二十歲左右。Suppose we go for a walk.我們?nèi)ド⑸⒉桨?。be

29、 supposed to (do)被期望或要求；應(yīng)該；(用于否定句中)不被許可；據(jù)說(shuō)16. be of high quality,be of +抽象名詞=be+該名的形容詞形式be of great （much） value/ importanee/ use/ help/ interest = be very valuable /important/ useful/helpful/ in teresti ngThe diet ionary is of great help to my tran slati on but that one is of no use.這本字典對(duì)我的翻譯有很大的幫助

30、，但那本卻沒(méi)用。The refere nee book is of great importa nee to my writi ng.這本參考書(shū)對(duì)我的寫(xiě)作是很重要的。of的后也可加上特質(zhì)名詞be of +the same/differe nt size/height/age/eolour/weight/type /class etc.We are of the same elass.我們是同一個(gè)班的。The coins are of differe nt sizes, shape sand metals.這些硬幣大小、形狀、質(zhì)地都不一樣。以上這兩種of結(jié)構(gòu)還可以用作賓補(bǔ)和名詞的后置定語(yǔ)。Do

31、you think the book of any interest to middle school students?（賓補(bǔ)）Old factory buildi ngs have many halls and workshops of different sizes.（定語(yǔ)）17. ben efitn.利益，好處；恩惠；退休金;津貼；救濟(jì)金；保險(xiǎn)撫恤金 義演；義賽a public ben efit公益be of ben efit to the people 對(duì)人民有好處disability ben efits殘廢撫恤金a ben efit match 義賽This dictio nary

32、 will be of great ben efit to me.這部字典將對(duì)我有很大裨益。n.vt. 有益于Exercise ben efits our health.運(yùn)動(dòng)有益于我們的健康。vi. 受益We ben efit by from daily exercises.每天做操對(duì)我們有益。習(xí)慣用法for the ben efit of為了 .的好處give sb. the benefit of ones experienee用自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)知識(shí)幫助某人in benefit 有資格得到救濟(jì)金（指生病、失業(yè)等津貼）out of ben efit沒(méi)有資格得到救濟(jì)金sick ben efit疾病津貼

33、18. concerned n.所關(guān)切的事； 涉及（某人）利害關(guān)系；焦慮；商行， 公司；企業(yè)；康采恩，財(cái)團(tuán)；股份；小玩意兒，小東西have concern about the matter關(guān)心此事express /show deep concern for sb.表示對(duì)某人十分關(guān)心have concern over a frien ds misfort une憂慮友人的不幸a going concern開(kāi)著的商店；發(fā)展中的事業(yè)joint stock concern股份公司pay ing concern有收益的企業(yè)a petty concern細(xì)事What concern is it of yo

34、urs?此事與你有什么關(guān)系？There is some cause for concern but no n eed for alarm.是有點(diǎn)令人憂慮，但不必驚慌。She has a concern in that compa ny.她在那家公司有股份。Her ring is an odd little concern fitted with blinking diamonds.她的戒指是裝有許多閃光鉆石的小玩意兒。習(xí)慣用法as concerns 關(guān)于as far as. be concerned 關(guān)于； 至于；就.而言be concerned about 關(guān)心be concerned ov

35、er (at) sth.為某事憂慮be concerned in sth.be concerned with和某事有牽連牽涉到， 與有關(guān)， 參與 日常事務(wù)憂慮，掛念everyday concerns feel concern about give on eself no concern (about) 不關(guān)切, have a concern in禾口 .有禾U害關(guān)系have no concern for 毫不關(guān)心對(duì)冷淡h(huán)ave no concern with 禾口.毫無(wú)關(guān)系 it is no concern of mine (yours) 這不關(guān)我 of much con cern 很重要，很

36、有關(guān)系of no concern無(wú)關(guān)緊要，沒(méi)有意義with concern 關(guān)切地 concern on eself about sth.忙于；從事；concern on eself in sth. 忙于； 從事； 關(guān)心， 關(guān)切 concern on eself with sth. 忙于； 從事； 關(guān)心， 關(guān)切19. depend vi.通常與on, upon連用依靠，依賴(lài)；相信，信賴(lài)；取決于,由而定 習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)That depe nds.口要看情況而定。你的事關(guān)心， 關(guān)切 關(guān)心，關(guān)心，It all depe nds.口要看情況而定。You may depe nd upon it. 口肯定無(wú)疑；

37、放心好了。depend on依靠；由而定，取決于;從屬于；依賴(lài)其維持depe nd upon依靠；由而定，取決于;從屬于；依賴(lài)其維持depe nd upon it口肯定無(wú)疑，保管沒(méi)錯(cuò)，我敢說(shuō)（用于句首或句末，不必加主語(yǔ)）20. come up with，找出， 想出（答案，計(jì)劃等）You e come up with a good idea.你想出來(lái)的主意好極了。They might come up with a pla n.他們有可能想出一個(gè)計(jì)劃了。He could nt come up with an answer.他回答不上來(lái)。He could nt come up with an ap

38、propriate an swer just at the time.那時(shí)他想不出一個(gè)合適的答案。語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)津direct speech （direct narration）直接敘述的話語(yǔ)，即直接弓 I語(yǔ)。the style used in writing to report whatsome one said by repeati ng their actual words.reported speech （in direct speech） 轉(zhuǎn)告弓 I述的話語(yǔ)，即間接弓 I語(yǔ)。the style used in writ ing to report whatsome one said with

39、out repeat ing their actual words.Notes:1. 引述一般疑問(wèn)句或附加疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，通常用whether或if引導(dǎo)，而引述選擇疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，一般只能用 whether 引導(dǎo)。E.g.: Does he really mean it?”-I wondered whether/if he really meant it.They live in groups, don they?”He asked whether/if they lived in groups.Is this book yours or his? ”She asked me whether this b

40、ook was mine or his.2. 引述特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用原句中的wh-詞引導(dǎo)。E.g.: Why didn you stop her?”He asked why I hadn stopped her.3. 引述陳述句時(shí)，用連詞that引導(dǎo)（that在口語(yǔ)中常被省略）。e.g.: He said, I like it very much. ”He said that he liked it very much.“ ve left my book in your room. ”- He told me that he had left his book in my room.3.引述祈使

41、句時(shí)，要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變成帶to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據(jù)句子的意思加上tell，ask，order等動(dòng)詞，如果祈使句為否定句，在不定式的前面加上not。She said to us，Please sit down.”She asked us to sit dow n.He said to him， Go away! ”He ordered him to go away.He said, Don make so much no ise, boys.”- He told the boys not to make so much noise.在將直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要特別注意幾個(gè)變化：1

42、） 人稱(chēng)的變化：間接引語(yǔ)是轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，說(shuō)話時(shí)由于角色的不同，人稱(chēng)代詞要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況作相應(yīng) 的變化。e.g. Mr Black said, I m busy.”Mr Black said that he was busy.Do you mind my opening all your windows ?” he asked us.He asked us if we min ded his ope ning all our win dows.2）時(shí)態(tài)的變化：如主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化。中主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)則無(wú)需變化。直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成間接例句引語(yǔ)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)的