初中英語時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般過去時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

1、 初中英語時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)-現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)-一般過去時(shí)-過去進(jìn)行 時(shí) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的基本用法： 1) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻率副詞的時(shí)間狀語連用。 時(shí)間狀語： every morning(afternoon, Sunday), sometimes, on Sunday, often, usually等. 例如：I wake up at six Oclock every morning. My friends often go to the park on Sundays. 2) 用于表示客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。 例如：The earth moves around th

2、e sun. Tomorrow is Tuesday. 3) 用于格言或警句中。 例如：Where there is a will, there is a way. 4) 用于表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。 I dont want so much. 例如： She is a good girl and always help others. My watch is very new。 2. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成： 當(dāng)主語是第一人稱，第二人稱或第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞原形。 當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，即動(dòng)詞詞尾要加s或 es. 例. We have fou

3、r classes in the morning every day. They work in a big office. She likes singing very much. 附注：動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)變化形式分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種形式。 1. 規(guī)則變化： （1） 直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-s. ask-asks work-works stay-stays get-gets （2） 以字母s, x, ch, sh或o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加-es. fix-fixes do-does go-goes pass-passes watch-watches wash_washes （3）以“輔音

4、字母加 “y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要先變y為i再加-es. try-tries study-studies cry-cries 2不規(guī)則變化： be- is have-has 3. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子轉(zhuǎn)換：變否定句、一般疑問句 （1）一般疑問句：當(dāng)句子中有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則把be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語的前面變成; 疑問句 否定句：在be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加not變成否定句. 例：She is a student. I can swim. Is she a student? Can you swim? She is not a student. I can not swim. （2）一般疑問句：當(dāng)句

5、子中即沒有be動(dòng)詞，也沒有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則在主語前加助動(dòng)詞do, does變成問句； 否定句：在主語后謂語動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞dont, doesnt變成否定句，助動(dòng)詞后的謂語動(dòng)詞要變成動(dòng)詞原形。 例：We get up at 7:00 every morning. Do you get up at 7:00 every morning? We dont get up at 7:00 every morning. She has a little brother. Does she have a little brother? She doesnt have a little brother. 百看不

6、如一練 一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 sit swim read make run write type go watch clean cry wash jump come study 二、用do、does填空 1、_ you ride a bike after school? Yes, I _. 2、_ your sister like football? No, she _ not. 3、What_ the students have? They have some pens. 4、How_ Linda go to school? She goes to school on foo

7、t. 5、He _ not speak English. He speaks Chinese. 6、_ they watch TV on Sundays? Yes, they _ . 7、 My father and mother _ not read newspapers on Saturday. 三、改句子 1. Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答) 2. I have many books. （改為否定句） 3. Gao Shans sister likes playing table tennis （改為否定句） 4. She

8、lives in a small town near New York. （改為一般疑問句） 5. I watch TV every day. （改為一般疑問句） 6. David has got a goal. （改為一般疑問句） 7. We have four lessons.（否定句） 8. Nancy doesnt run fast （肯定句） 9. My dog runs fast. 否定句： 一般疑問句： 10. Mike has two letters for him. 一般疑問句： 否定句： 11. I usually play football on Friday after

9、noon. 否定句: : 一般疑問句 12. Su Yang usually washes some clothes on Saturday. 否定句: 一般疑問句: 13. Mingming usually waters the flowers every day 否定句: 般疑問句: 14. Tom does his homework at home. 否定句: 一般疑問句: 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 一、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行式的基本結(jié)構(gòu)。 1) 第一人稱：主語 + am + 現(xiàn)在分詞 + I am watching TV. 2) 第三人稱單數(shù)：主語 + is + 現(xiàn)在分詞 + She is washing the

10、 dishes. 3) 第二人稱及復(fù)數(shù)人稱：主語 + are + 現(xiàn)在分 + 詞 They are playing games. 二、進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法： 1) 表示現(xiàn)在( 指說話人說話時(shí)) 正在發(fā)生的事情。 We are waiting for you. 2) 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行：表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel. She is learning English under Mr. Smith. 3) 表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go等。 The leaves are

11、 turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer. 4) 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。 You are always changing your mind. 三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)則 1) 一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞后加ing構(gòu)成. 如： work_working sleep_sleeping wait_waiting study_studying 2) 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞去掉e后再加ing. 如 take_taking moving move_ wr

12、ite_writing. 音節(jié)結(jié)尾且未尾只有一個(gè)3) 以重讀閉音節(jié)或r輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，要雙寫未尾的輔音字母于 ing.如。加swim_swiplan_planning sit_sitting mming. 改為，再yie4) 以字母結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，通常把ie 加ing.如。Lie_lying die_dying 四、沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞 表示感覺的感官動(dòng)詞沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。1) see hear feel sound smell taste 2) 表示存在狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) have(有) stay be own 3) 表示人物的心理活動(dòng)，態(tài)度情感等的描述性動(dòng)詞沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) love like ha

13、te know think 4) 表示一次性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) decide give 百看不如一練 一 寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 stand_ sleep_ jump_ walk_ clean_ wash_ do_ go_ play listen_ read_ _sing_ have_ write_ come_ dance_ skate_ make_ ride_ sit_ run_ swim_ 二 根據(jù)提示完成下列句子 1.The students_ (正在上英語課) 2.Some girls_ (正在跳舞) 3.I_ (正在騎自行車) 4.My mother_( 正在做家務(wù)) 5.Hel

14、en_ (會做模型飛機(jī)) 6._you_ (正在看報(bào)紙嗎) 7._she_(正在打掃圖書館嗎) 8._the boys_(正在打籃球嗎) 三、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空： 1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen! Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look! They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,wa

15、ter) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now. 10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 句型轉(zhuǎn)換： 四 分別改成一般疑1. They are doing housework .() 問句和否定句 改The students are cleaning the clas

16、sroom . ( 2) 一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答 playground. thefootball in 3Imtheplaying ) (對劃線部分進(jìn)行提問 Tom is reading books in his study . (對劃線部分進(jìn)行提問) 一般過去時(shí) 一概述 1.去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為； 2.時(shí)間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month, 具體時(shí)間) just now, at the age of , one day,

17、long ago, once upon a time(很久以前), 3.動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則： 一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞原形后直接加ed。 如：wanted，played。 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接加d。 如：hoped，lived。 重讀閉音節(jié)單詞需雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加ed。 如：stopped, shipped。 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變y為i，再加ed。 如：studied，worried。 有些動(dòng)詞不符合上面的規(guī)則，需要特殊記憶。 如：am(is)-was, go-went, are-were,eat-ate, see-saw, swim-swam, buy-bought, brin

18、g-brought,teach-taught, think-thought, fall-fell, hurt-hurt, break-broke, win-won, lose-lost 二、一般過去時(shí)的基本用法 1. 帶有確定的過去時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，要用過去時(shí)，如：yesterday（昨天）、two days ago（兩天前 ）、last year（去年）、the other day（前幾天）、once upon a time（很久以前）、 just now（剛才）、in the old days（過去的日子里）、before（前）、at+一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn) Eg. Did you have a party

19、 the other day？ Lei Feng was a good soldier in the old days. 2. 表示過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，要用過去時(shí),這種情況下，往往沒有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語，而通過上下文來表示。 Eg.The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died. 3. 表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常或反復(fù)的動(dòng)作,常與always，never等連用。 Eg. Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. （只是說明她過去的動(dòng)作，不表明她現(xiàn)在是否常帶著傘。）

20、 比較: Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella. （說明這是她的習(xí)慣，表明她現(xiàn)在仍然還習(xí)慣總帶著一把傘） Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella. 彼得太太 總是帶著一把傘。 （表示說話者對這一動(dòng)作或行為厭煩） 4. 如果強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)終止的習(xí)慣時(shí)要用 used to do(過去常常做，而現(xiàn)在不那樣做了) He used to drink. （意味著他現(xiàn)在不喝酒了。喝酒這個(gè)動(dòng)作終止了） I used to take a walk in the morning. （意味著現(xiàn)在不在早晨散步了） 比較： I took a w

21、alk in the morning. （只是說明過去這一動(dòng)作） 5 有些句子，雖然沒有表示過去確定時(shí)間的狀語，但實(shí)際上是指過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀 態(tài)的話，也要用過去時(shí)，這一點(diǎn)，我們中國學(xué)生往往出錯(cuò)，要特別注意！ I didnt know you were in Paris. 我不知 道你在巴黎。 （因?yàn)樵谡f話時(shí)，我已經(jīng)知道你在巴黎了。這句話指的是說話之前，所以只能用過去時(shí)表示。實(shí)際上，這句話暗指：But now I know you are here.） I thought you were ill. （這句話應(yīng)是在說話之前，我以為你病了。但是現(xiàn)在我知道你沒?。?辨別正誤 Li Ming

22、studied English this morning.把此句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?1.Did Li Ming studied English this morning？ 動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用_ 2. Does Li Ming Study English this morning？ 時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該用_ 3.Was Li Ming studied English this morning 應(yīng)該用_而不是be動(dòng)詞 三、一般過去時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 一般過去式的構(gòu)成形式： 肯定式 疑問式 否定式 Did I I did not I worked workwork?HeDidHe(she,it)he(she,it)(she,it

23、)didworkednot workwork?We did notDid weWeworkwork?workedYou didYouDid younot workworkedwork?Did theyTheyThey didnot workwork?worked 否定形式：be動(dòng)詞前：were not 行為動(dòng)詞前： did not+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形 一般疑問句：be動(dòng)詞前：was或were放于句首； 行為動(dòng)詞前：用助動(dòng)詞do的過去 提問，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。did 式 一般過去時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí) 選擇一 1. She lived there before he_to ）（ China. B. A. came

24、 D. C. come comes coming 2. I _but _ nothing. ）（ A . was listened; was hearing B. listened; heard C . have listened; heard D. listened; heard of （ ）3. When did you _here? A. got to B. reached D. reach C. arrive in 4. I_ my homework at 7:00 ） （yesterday evening. A. finished B. would finish D. finish

25、C. was finishing 5 -He didnt go shopping with you （ ）yesterday afternoon, did he? - _. A. No, he B. Yes, he doesnt didnt C. No, he D. Yes, he did did. ) 6 -I have had supper. ( - When _you _it? B. do, A. have; had have C. did, have D. will have 二、請用正確動(dòng)詞形式填空。 1 They_(be) on the farm a moment ago. 2 T

26、here_(be)a shop not long ago. 3 Jenny_(not go)to bed until 11:00 oclock last night. 4 Danny _(read )English five minutes ago. 5 I _(see)Li Lei _(go) out just now. 6 He _(do)his homework every day. But he _(not do)it yesterday. 7 When I was young, I _(play)games with my friends. 8 When _you_(write)th

27、is book? I _it last year. 9 Did he_(have) lunch at home? 10 I _(eat) the bread, I m full now. 11 _ (have) an exciting party last weekend. 12. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _. 13. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book. 14. They all _(g

28、o) to the mountains yesterday morning. 15. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning. 16. When _ you _(write) this song? I _(write) it last year. 17. My friend, Carol, _(study) for the last English _(practice) and test math night. 18. _ Mr. Li _(do) the pro

29、ject on Monday morning? Yes, he _. 19. How _(be) Jims weekend? It _(be not) bad. 20. _ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she _. 三、翻譯下列句子 1. 我過了一個(gè)忙碌但卻刺激的周末。 I _ _ _ _ exciting weekend. 2. Jenny喜歡看書。昨晚她看了一本英語書。 Jenny likes _ _. She _ an English book last night. 3. Emma每天都看電視。可是昨天他沒有看。

30、Emma _ TV every day. But he _ _ yesterday. 4. 上周六他們做什么了？他們做作業(yè)和購物了。 What _ they _ _ Saturday? and homework _ _ They _ _. 三、改寫句子： 改否定句）Lucy did her homework at home.（1、 _ _ her Lucy homework at home. 2、He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）.（變一般疑問句) _ he _ _ meat in the fridge? 3、She stayed there for a

31、week.（對劃線部分提問） _ _ _ she _ there? 4、There was some orange in the cup.（變一般疑問句) _ there _ orange in the cup? 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) （一）定義 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，是表示過去某個(gè)具體時(shí)刻正在 進(jìn)行的事情或動(dòng)作。 （二）結(jié)構(gòu) was/were +doing （現(xiàn)在分詞） （三）用法 1、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者事情。常用的時(shí)間狀語this morning， the whole morning， all day yesterday， from nine to ten last evening

32、， when， while等。例如： We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. What was he researching all day last Sunday？ My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain， the sun was shining. 2. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示在過去某

33、個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事情。時(shí)間點(diǎn)可以用介詞短語、副詞或從句來表示。如： What was she doing at nine oclock ？yesterday When I saw him he was decorating his room. 3. 在復(fù)合句中，如果主要?jiǎng)幼骱捅尘皠?dòng)作都是延續(xù)的或同時(shí)發(fā)生的，那么主從句的動(dòng)詞都可用 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如： While he was waiting for the bus， he was reading a newspaper. He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 4. 英語中有四類動(dòng)詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)

34、（不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)） 1）表心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞，如love ，hate ，like ，care ，respect ，please ，prefer ，know 等，若用進(jìn)行時(shí)則詞意改變。 Im forgetting it . （=beginning to forget ） 2）表存在、狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如appear ，exist ，lie ，remain ，stand ，seem等 3）表感覺的動(dòng)詞，如see ，hear ，feel ，smell ，sound ，taste等. 4）表一時(shí)性的動(dòng)詞，如accept ，allow ，admit ，decide ，end ，refuse ，p

35、ermit ，promise等 ， 例如 I was knowing the answer. 誤： 正：I knew the answer. 我知道答案。 誤：I wasnt understanding him. 正：I didnt understand him. 我不明白他的 意思。 練習(xí) 用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. While we _ (wait) for the bus, a girl _ (run) up to us. 2. I _ (telephone) a friend when Bob _ (come) in. 3. Jim _ (jump) on the bus as it

36、_ (move) away. 4. We _ (test) the new machine when the electricity _ (go) off. 5. She _ (not want) to stay in bed while the others _ (all, work) in the fields. 6. I _ (have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning. 7. As I _ (walk) in the park, it _ (begin) to rain. 8. Even when she _ (be) a

37、 child she _ (already, think) of becoming ). a ballerina (芭蕾舞演員 9. It was quite late at night. George _ (read) and Amy _ (ply) her needle when they _ (hear) a knock at the door. 10. Mary _ (go) over her lessons from six to the peter last seven night. John and _(do) same thing. 11. _ they _ (have) a

38、meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon? No, they _. They _ (clean) the classroom. 12. When I _ (come) in the room, he _ (see) me, for he _ (read) something 13. What _ you _ (do) at that time? We _ (watch) TV. 14. Was your father at home yesterday evening? Yes ,he was. He _ (listen) to the radio. 15. They

39、_(not make) a model ship when I saw him. 選擇題。 1. I _ cooked a meal when you _ me. a. cooked, were ringing b. was cooking, rang c. was cooking, were ringing d. cooked, rang 2. He said he _ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time. a. tries b. tried c. was trying d. will try 3. While she _ TV, s

40、he _ a sound outside the room. a. was watching, was hearing b. watched, was hearing c. watched, heard d. was watching, heard 4. They _ a football game from 7 to 9 last night. a. were watching b. watch c. d. are watching watched 5. What book _ you _ when I _ you at four yesterday afternoon? a. did, r

41、ead, was seeing b. did, read, saw c. were, reading, saw d. were, reading, was seeing 6. It was Friday evening. Mr and Mrs. Green _ ready to fly to England. a. are getting b. get c. were getting d. got 7. Lei Feng _ always _ of others when he _ in the army. a. is, thinking, was b. was, thinking, is c

42、. did, think, is d. was, thinking, was 8. A girl _ my pen fall off the table when she _ me. a. saw, passed b. was seeing, passed c. was seeing, passed d. was seeing, was passing 9. We _ for tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us _. a. were waiting, waiting b. were waiting, wait c. waited, waiting

43、d. waited, wait 10. He _ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday. a. helps b. would help c. was helping d. is helping 11. While mother _ some washing, I _ a kite for Kate. a. did, made b. was doing, made c. was doing, was making d. did, was making 12. “_ you angry then?” “they _ too

44、 much noise.” a. are, were making b. were, were making c. are, made d. were, made 13. He _ some cooking at that time, so _ me a. did, heard b. did, didnt hear c. was doing, heard d. was doing, didnt hear 14. This time yesterday jack _ his bike. He _ TV a. repaired, didnt watch b. was repairing, watc

45、hed d. was repairing, c. repaired, watched wasnt watching 15. His parents wanted to know how he _ on with his new classmates. a. was getting b. gets c. is getting d. will get There be 結(jié)構(gòu)句型的講解與練習(xí)。 第一關(guān)：There be 結(jié)構(gòu)的意義及形式 There be 結(jié)構(gòu)主要用以表達(dá)某處(某時(shí))有某人(某物),其基本句型為 There be + 某物或某人 + 某地或某時(shí) 其中there 是引導(dǎo)詞,沒有詞義;be是謂語動(dòng)詞尻某人或某物是句子的主語尻某地或某時(shí)作句子的狀語,多是介詞短語。 如: There is a football under the chair. 引導(dǎo)語 謂語動(dòng)詞 主語 介詞 短語(某地) 第二關(guān)：There be結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞be的確定 1. there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動(dòng)詞be在人稱和數(shù)上應(yīng)與其后的主語保持一致。主語是不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用is,是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用are。如: There is a flower in the bottle. There are some apples