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1、2012年度全國職稱英語等級(jí)考試?yán)砉ゎ?B級(jí))試題第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)(第1-15題，每題1分，共15分) 下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語畫有底橫線。請(qǐng)為每處畫線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。 1 The city centre was wiped out by the bomb A covered B reduced C destroyed D moved 2 The contempt he felt for his fellow students WaS obvious A need B Iove C hate D Pity 3 A iarge crowd assembled outsid

2、e the American embassy A watched B shouted C walked D gathered 4 He inspired many young people to take up the sport。 A allowed B encouraged C called D advised 5 The storm caused severe damage A serious B physical C accidental D environmental 6 I think7 for a drink is a bit steep, dont you? A tight B

3、 low C cheap D high 7 DO we have to wear these name tags? A Iists B forms C labels D codes 8 Most babies can take in a wide range of food easily. A bring B keep C serve D digest 9 Joe came to the window as the crowd chanted,“Joe，Joe，Joe!” A repeated B jumped C maintained D approached 10 What puzzles

4、 me is why his books are so popular.A shocks B influences C confuses D concerns 11 A the flats in the building had the same layout.A color B arrangement C size D function 12 The weather was crisp and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away A fresh B hot C heavy D windy 1 3 The walls a

5、re made of hollow concrete blocks。 A big B long C new D empty 14 Our aim was to update the health service。and we succeeded A modernize B offer C provide D fund 15 Her comments about men are utterly ridiculous.A slightly B partly C completely D faintly 第2部分：閱讀判斷 (第1622題，每題l分，共7分) 下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的

6、內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子作出判斷：如果該旬提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；如果該旬的信息文中沒有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。 Eastern Quakes Can Trigger Big Shakes In the first week of November 2011, people in central Oklahoma experienced more than two dozen earthquakes. The largest, a magnitude 5.6 quake, shook thousands of fans in a college football stad

7、ium, caused cracks in a few buildings and rattled the nerves of many people who had never felt a quake before. Oklahoma is not an area of the country famous for its quakes. If you watch the news on TV, you see reports about all sorts of natural disasters hurricanes, tornadoes, flooding and wildfires

8、, to name a few. But the most dangerous type of natural disaster, and also the most unpredictable, is the earthquake. Researchers at the U.S. Geological Survey estimate that several million earthquakes rattle the globe each year. That may sound scary, but people dont feel many of the tremors because

9、 they happen in remote and unpopulated regions. Many quakes happen under the ocean, and others have a very small magnitude, or shaking intensity. A magnitude 5.8 earthquake that struck central Virginia the afternoon of August 23, 2011, was felt from central Georgia to southeastern Canada. In many ur

10、ban areas, including Washington, D.C., and New York City (Wall Street shown), people crowded the streets while engineers inspected buildings. Credit: Wikimedia/Alex Tabak Scientists know about small, remote quakes only because of very sensitive electronic devices called seismometers. These devices d

11、etect and measure the size of ground vibrations produced by earthquakes. Altogether, USGS researchers use seismometers to identify and locate about 20,000 earthquakes each year. Although earthquakes can happen anywhere in the world, really big quakes occur only in certain areas. The largest ones reg

12、ister a magnitude 8 or higher and happen, on average, only once each year. Such big ones typically occur along the edges of Earths tectonic plates. Tectonic plates are huge pieces of Earths crust, sometimes many kilometers thick. These plates cover our planets surface like a jigsaw puzzle. Often, ja

13、gged edges of these plates temporarily lock together. When plates jostle and scrape past each other earthquakes occur. On average, tectonic plates move very slowly about the same speed as your fingernails grow. But sometimes earthquakes rumble through portions of the landscape far from a plates edge

14、s. Although less expected, these “mid-plate” tremors can do substantial damage. Some of the biggest known examples rattled the eastern half of the United States two centuries ago. Today, scientists are still puzzling over why the quakes occurred and when similar ones might occur. 16. Oklahoma is an

15、area often experiencing natural disasters. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 17. The earthquake is the most unpredictable natural disaster. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 18. Few earthquakes happen without peoples awareness. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 19. Seismometers can identify and l

16、ocate most of the earthquakes in China. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 20. Big earthquakes of a magnitude 8 or higher seldom happen far from the edges of tectonic plates. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 21. Whenever tectonic plates move, earthquakes happen. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

17、22. The earthquake that hit the eastern half of the United States two centuries ago is the biggest mid-plate one in history. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意與完成句子 (第23-30題，每題1分，共8分) 下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第2326題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第25段每段選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題;(2)第2730題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。 Learn about Noble Gas

18、es(惰性氣體) 1 Have you ever ridden on a balloon? Many tourist spots offer balloon rides in order for people to see the beauty of a place from above. A balloon contains a noble gas called hellum(氦). Formerly, balloons contained hydrogen but hydrogen is very flammable and dangerous when uncontrolled. The

19、refore, people shifted to helium, which is safer. Helium is safe because it has the properties of the noble gases. 2 People once belleved that noble gases couldnt chemically react at all. For this reason, they were called inert gases(惰性氣體). They were also listed under Group 0 in the old periodic tab

20、le because scientists believed that the gases have zero valence(價(jià))electrons in their outer shell. This was later proven to be untrue when some noble gas compounds were discovered. 3 The gases are elements, which share similar properties. These properties include being monoatomic, colorless, odorless

21、, being able to conduct electricity, and having low chemical reactivity. Noble gases include Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon and Radon. These are all found in Group 18, in the rightmost column of the periodic table. If you look at the periodic table, you will notice that these elements are the o

22、nly ones, which do not have a charge. Helium has the lowest molecular(分子的)weight while Radon is the heaviest. 4 Remember that chemical reactions occur because atoms have valence electrons, which are electrons in their outer shell. When the outer shell is “unfilled” or the required number of electron

23、s is not yet complete, the atom is more reactive. Noble gases have a full outer shell, meaning that they have complete electrons in their outer shell. This complete number varies. For instance, the outer shell of Helium has 2 valence electrons while the outer shell of Xenon has 8 electrons. Nowadays

24、, there remains to be a few noble gases because of the low chemical reactivity of these said gases. 5 because of their properties, noble gases have many important applications. They are widely used in medicine and industries. For instance, liquid Helium is used for superconducting magnets(磁體). These

25、 magnets are very important in physics and medicine. When a doctor suspects that a persons brain has been damaged, he might request for Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI). MRI allows the doctor to “see” the brain, without operating on the patient. 23. paragraph 2_ 24. paragraph 3_ 25. paragraph 4_ 26.

26、paragraph 5_ A. What are noble gases? B.what is the periodic table? C.What causes the low chemical reactivity of noble gases? D.How were noble gases understood in the past? E. How were noble gases discovered? F. What are the applications of noble gases? 27. Noble gases are not very chemically_. 28.

27、Among the elements of noble gases Helium is the_. 29. The required number of electrons in noble gases outer shell is_. 30. MRI may make operating on the patient_ . A.lightest B.reactive C.important D.complete E.flammable F. unnecessary 第4部分：閱讀理解 (第3145題，每題3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳

28、選項(xiàng)。 第一篇 Gross National Happiness In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist(佛教)culture had not been aff

29、ected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without

30、 losing its traditions. King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product(GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. King Wangchu

31、ck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his countrys progress by peoples happiness. If the peoples happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH). GNH is based on ce

32、rtain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good,

33、 stable government. Now there is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their tradi

34、tional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the fir

35、st time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet. Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutans GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take

36、 care of their people, cultures, and land. Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest

37、 of the world will follow. 31. Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck? A. A president. B. A Buddhist priest. C. A king. D. A general. 32. Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan? A. To make its population grow. B. To keep it separate from the world. C. To encourage its p

38、eople to get rich. D. To keep its traditions and customs. 33. A country shows its progress with GNP by A. spending more money. B. spending less money. C. selling more products. D. providing more jobs. 34. According to GNH, people are happier if they A. have new technology. B. have a good, stable gov

39、ernment. C. can change their religion. D. have more money. 35. Today many countries are A. trying to find their own ways to measure happiness. B. using the principles of GNH to measure their progress. C. working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH. D. taking both Bhutan and Brazil as s

40、ymbols for social progress. 第二篇 Archive Gallery: The Best of Bionics (仿生學(xué)) Humans might be the most highly-evolved species on the planet, but most animals possess skills we can only dream of having. Imagine how much electricity we could save if we could see in the dark the way cats do. Imagine leapi

41、ng from tree to tree like a monkey. Giraffes(長(zhǎng)頸鹿), which are otherwise calm and good-natured, sleep only 4.6 hours a day. We realized a long, long time ago that nature provides the best blueprint(藍(lán)圖) for invention. Weve borrowed canals from beavers(河貍) and reflectors from cats eyes. Although the wor

42、ds bionics became popular only after the 1960s, history shows that nature has always provided ideas on solving everyday problems. Our archives(檔案) dont go back to the time of Leonardo da Vinci and his bird-like flying machines, but we can take you to the late 19th century, where we applied those sam

43、e principles for building our first practical airplanes. To prepare for their flight at Kitty Hawk, the Wright brothers studied the movements of pigeons to figure out how they stayed high up when they were heavier than air. Their success inspired scores of successors to improve on the airplane by st

44、udying various aspects of nature. One of Orville Wrights pupils caught and stuffed seagulls to examine their wingspan. Meanwhile, two French inventors examined spinning sycamore (梧桐) seeds in an effort to apply those same motions, reversed, to a helicopter. Some examples are more obvious than others

45、. The outside of the airplane designed by the Wright brothers looks like a minimalistic(簡(jiǎn)單抽象藝術(shù)) structure. On the other hand, Barney Cornetts fish submarine(潛水艇) actually looks like a fish. Some bio-inspired concepts have yet to be invented. In the 1960s, the US Army commissioned several university

46、professors to conduct research on the motor skills of animals in hope of applying those same abilities to tanks. Tanks that run like horses or jump like grasshoppers(螞蚱)- sounds shocking, doesnt it? But imagine how life would change if we could achieve that. 36. Cats, monkeys and giraffes mentioned

47、in paragraph 1 are examples to illustrate A. animals have skills that humans do not possess. B. they are highly-evolved species as humans. C. humans can learn animals skills. D. they are skillful in different ways. 37. Which of the following can be found in the archive gallery? A. History books. B.

48、The Wright brothers sculpture. C. Leonardo da Vincis bird-like flying machines. D. First practical airplanes built in the late 19th century. 38. What happened after the Wright brothers success? A. People carried out a systematic study on pigeons. B. People could fly their airplane for fun. C. People

49、 studied more animals and plants to develop the airplane. D. People kept their airplane at a French gallery. 39. Which of the following is true about the research carried out by the US Army? A. It has changed our life. B. It has not succeeded yet. C. It has cost a large sum of money. D. It has impro

50、ved the abilities of tanks. 40. What does the writer want to tell in the passage? A. Some animals possess unique skills. B. Many inventions get ideas from nature. C. People should protect nature. D. Bionics is far from perfect. 第三篇 Life Form Found on Saturns Titan Scientists say they have discovered

51、 hints of alien life on the Saturns moon. The discovery of a sort of life was announced after researchers at the US space agency, NASA, analyzed data from spacecraft Cassini, which pointed to the existence of methane-based form of life on Saturns biggest moon. Scientists have reportedly discovered c

52、lues showing primitive alien beings are breathing in Titans dense atmosphere filled with hydrogen. They argue that hydrogen gets absorbed before hitting Titans planet-like surface covered with methane lakes and rivers. This, they say, points to the existence of some bugs consuming the hydrogen at the surface of the moon less than half the size of th