探討綠色化學理念在高職院?；瘜W教育中的運用中英文互譯

1、探討綠色化學理念在高職院?；瘜W教育中的運用中英文互譯discuss the use of the concept of green chemistry in chemical education in higher vocational colleges is in both chinese and english translation綠色化學是指化學反應和過程以“原子經濟性”為基本原則，即在獲取新物質的化學反應中充分利用參與反應的每個原料原子，在始端就采用實現(xiàn)污染預防的科學手段。綠色化學在過程和終端均為零排放和零污染，是一門從源頭阻止污染的化學。它不是被動地治理環(huán)境污染，而是主動地防止化學

2、污染，從而在根本上切斷污染源，其在節(jié)約能源、防治環(huán)境污染、保障人類安全與健康等方面，發(fā)揮著重要作用?；瘜W教育由理論教學和實驗教學兩部分組成，高職院校應在化學教育的全過程中實施綠色化學教學，增強學生的綠色化學的意識。green chemistry is refers to the chemical reactions and processes in order to atom economy as the basic principles, namely in acquiring new material of chemical reaction, make full use of each

3、material that will be involved in the reaction atoms in realization of pollution prevention was taken at the beginning of the scientific method. green chemistry in process and end all for zero emissions and zero pollution, is a chemical from the source to prevent pollution. it is not passively contr

4、ol environment pollution, but actively to prevent chemical contamination, thus fundamentally to cut off the pollution sources, the energy conservation, prevention and control of environmental pollution, human security and health, etc., play an important role. chemical education consists of two parts

5、, theory teaching and experimental teaching of higher vocational colleges should implement green chemistry in chemistry education in the whole process of teaching, enhance students awareness of green chemistry. 理論教學中的綠色化學教育green chemistry education in the theoretical teaching 在理論上要實施綠色化學教學，首先要培養(yǎng)學生的綠

6、色化學意識。這就要求教師必須有強烈的綠色意識，只有具備了綠色化學意識才能產生積極的行為效果，才能對學生進行指導，從而使綠色化學的理念滲透到學生的思想中。因此，高職院?；瘜W教師對于綠色化學的有關知識要有充分的了解和掌握，并且要將知識運用到實驗教學中，在潛移默化中培養(yǎng)學生的綠色化學意識，讓學生充分理解并接納綠色化學知識。綠色化學理念提倡的是教學手段的現(xiàn)代化以及教學方法多樣性。因此，要將現(xiàn)代化的教學手段運用到化學教學中，要開展多媒體教學，利用多媒體技術，將綠色化學理念通過圖、文、聲、像和三維動畫等方式展現(xiàn)出來。to implement green chemistry teaching in theo

7、ry, first of all to cultivate students consciousness of green chemistry. this requires the teacher must have a strong sense of green, only have the consciousness of green chemistry to produce positive effect, can undertake to the student guide, so that the concept of green chemistry penetrated into

8、the minds of students. chemistry teachers in higher vocational colleges, therefore, for the knowledge about green chemistry to have a fully understanding and mastering, and applying knowledge to the experiment teaching, cultivate students consciousness of green chemistry in the osmosis, lets the stu

9、dent understand and fully accept green chemistry knowledge. green chemistry concept advocated by diversity is the modernization of teaching means and teaching methods. therefore, to application of modern teaching methods in chemistry teaching, to develop multimedia teaching, using multimedia technol

10、ogy, the concept of green chemistry through map, text, sound, image and 3 d animation, etc. 實驗教學中的綠色化學教育green chemistry education in the experimental teaching 1.采用微量化實驗，實現(xiàn)資源節(jié)約1. the trace amount experiment was adopted in order to realize resource conservation 微型化學實驗是近年來新興的一種化學實驗方法，是指在微型化的實驗裝置中，盡可能少的

11、采用試劑來獲取化學結果，這種方法能使得中間生成物的轉移的過程盡可能的減少。微型化學實驗的優(yōu)點是現(xiàn)象明顯、節(jié)約實驗材料、節(jié)省實驗時間、減少污染、實驗效果好、安全且攜帶方便。一般情況下，微型實驗的試劑量是常規(guī)實驗試劑量的1/101/1000，與綠色化學的宗旨完全吻合，因此，應該大力提倡并且給予實施。高職院校應該在保證實驗現(xiàn)象明顯、實驗效果好的前提下開展微型化學實驗，在實驗中用常量儀器降低試劑的濃度，以及試劑的用量盡可能的降到最低。如與原來的實驗相比，乙酰水楊酸實驗微型化、乙酸乙酯合成實驗微型化試劑的用量減少了l/10l/5，也縮短了實驗時間。微型化學實驗一方面降低了經濟成本，另一方面還具有環(huán)保價值

12、。miniature chemistry experiment is emerging in recent years, a method of chemical experiment is to point to in experimental device miniaturization, as less as possible by reagent for chemical as a result, this method can make the transfer of the intermediate product of the process of reducing as muc

13、h as possible. micro chemical experiment phenomenon is obvious, the advantages of saving experiment material, save time, reduce pollution, experimental effect is good, safe and convenient to carry. generally, the micro experiment try dose is routine test dose of 1/10 1/1000, and the perfect fit for

14、the purpose of the green chemistry, therefore, should be vigorously advocated and implemented. is clearly higher vocational colleges should ensure experiment, experiment is the premise to carry out the miniature chemical experiment with good effect, reduce the concentration of the reagent used const

15、ant in experiment instrument, and the dosage of reagent as far as possible to a minimum. as compared with the original experiment, acetylsalicylic acid and miniaturization, ethyl acetate synthesis experimental miniaturization reagent dosage decreased l / 10 l / 5, and shortens the experimental perio

16、d. micro chemical experiment on the one hand, reduces the economic cost, on the other hand also has the environmental protection value. 2.盡量選擇系列化實驗、串聯(lián)實驗或組合實驗2. try to choose a series experiment, series, or combination experiment 選擇系列化實驗、串聯(lián)實驗或組合實驗有利于實驗產物或中間產物循環(huán)使用。用前一實驗的產物作為后一實驗的反應物，以減少試劑用量和環(huán)境污染。如乙醇系列

17、實驗：工業(yè)酒精-95%的乙醇-乙酸乙酯-乙酸乙酯皂化反應速率常數(shù)測定及乙酸乙酯-乙酰乙酸乙酯-苯甲酰乙酸乙酯；乙酰水楊酸系列。在合成實驗“硅鎢酸催化合成乙酰水楊酸”中，學生合成的產品粗品可以為基本操作實驗“重結晶”之用，學生精制以后的乙酰水楊酸純品又可為基本操作實驗“熔點的測定”之用，同時又可為薄層層析實驗所用，如條件允許，還可以作為樣品進行紅外吸收光譜測定實驗。在“乙二酸綠色合成與表征”實驗中，對合成的乙二酸粗產品可作為“重結晶”實驗的原料；重結晶后的產物既可以作為“熔點測定”實驗及“酸堿滴定”實驗的試劑，又可以作為“有機元素分析”實驗的樣品。select series experiment

18、, series, or combination experiment is beneficial to product or intermediate cycle use. with an experiment before product as reactants after the experiment, in order to reduce reagent consumption and environmental pollution. such as ethanol series experiment: industrial alcohol - 95% ethanol - aceti

19、c acid ethyl ester - determination of acetic ether saponification reaction rate constant and ethyl acetate, ethyl acetoacetate benzoyl acetic acid ethyl ester; acetyl salicylic acid series. in synthetic experiment of silicotungstic acid catalyst in synthesis of acetyl salicylic acid, in the students

20、 synthetic product coarse can recrystallization as the basic operating experiment, students after refining of acetyl salicylic acid is tasted but also as the basic operating experimental determination of the melting point, and also can be used for thin-layer chromatography experiment, if conditions

21、allow, also can be used as infrared absorption spectrometric experimental samples. in oxalic acid green synthesis and characterization of experiments, the synthetic oxalic acid crude product can be used as the recrystallization experiment of raw material; after recrystallization product of both can

22、be used as a melting point determination experiment and acid-base titration experimental reagent, and can be used as experimental samples of organic elements analysis. 3.重視“三廢”處理，實現(xiàn)污染最低化3. attaches great importance to the three wastes treatment, realize the minimization of pollution 綠色化學的宗旨是從源頭上對污染進

23、行阻止，因此，應該用化學的方法對實驗室的“三廢”進行處理，采取回收再利用的舉措。一方面實現(xiàn)了綠色化學的理念，另外一方面節(jié)約了實驗開支。在進行綠色化學教學過程中，應該將重視“三廢”處理，實現(xiàn)污染最低化作為高職院校綠色化學教學的一個重要原則。從學生剛開始接觸實驗室時，就應該將“三廢”不經處理直接排放造成的危害滲透到學生的意識里，樹立高職院校學生綠色化學的理念，養(yǎng)成良好的實驗習慣。另外，在實驗教學中，要增加研究實驗后廢棄物無害化的處理這一環(huán)節(jié)，使得學生對于回收實驗廢棄物有足夠的重視，實現(xiàn)廢棄物的循環(huán)再利用，從而將污染控制到最低。如常見有機溶劑的回收利用，廢氣的吸附，校園雨水酸度的測定及水質凈化，含重

24、金屬實驗廢液的分類回收處理等實驗。這些實驗貼近實際生活，在實驗過程中能激發(fā)學生學習的興趣和積極性，能加強學生的綠色化學的意識。aim of green chemistry to prevent pollution from the source, therefore, should use the chemical method of three wastes treatment of the laboratory, adopting recycling efforts. on the one hand, on the other hand realized the concept of gr

25、een chemistry experimental expenditure has been saved. on green chemistry teaching process, should pay attention to three wastes treatment, realize a minimum pollution into of green chemistry teaching in higher vocational colleges is an important principle. from students just begin to contact the la

26、boratory, it should be three wastes discharge without treatment directly effects of penetration to the students consciousness, build up the idea of green chemistry in higher vocational colleges students, and develop good experimental habits. in addition, in the experimental teaching, to increase the

27、 waste harmless handling this link after experiment, makes the students pay enough attention to for the recycling experiment of waste, to achieve the recycling of waste, to control pollution to the minimum. common organic solvents such as recycling, gas adsorption, campus determination of rain acidi

28、ty and water quality purification, containing heavy metals recycling waste liquid processing experiments. these experiments close to the real life, in the experimental process can stimulate students interest in learning and motivation, can strengthen students awareness of green chemistry. 4.采用多媒體輔助教

29、學，實現(xiàn)化學實驗綠色化4. using multimedia assisted teaching, green chemistry experimental teaching was realized 多媒體技術在化學實驗中的運用和發(fā)展對于自然資源的保護以及降低實驗環(huán)境的污染具有重要作用。多媒體技術能將設備比較復雜、反應速度慢以及操作條件苛刻或者是一些常規(guī)實驗無法開展的實驗用生動的多媒體形式展現(xiàn)在學生的眼前，寓教于樂，增加學生學習的積極性。另外，對于有一些藥品消耗量大或易燃易爆、操作不易控制或者是環(huán)境污染嚴重的實驗，在教學過程中，可以用多媒體進行模擬演示實驗，這樣既完成了教學任務，還將綠色化學

30、的教學理論滲透到了化學實驗教學的過程中。如芳烴和鹵代烴的性質實驗，改用計算機模擬教學，無污染，實驗現(xiàn)象明顯，教學效果顯著。use and development of multimedia technology in the chemical experiment in the protection of natural resources and reduce the pollution of environment plays an important role. multimedia technology to equipment is complicated, slow reactio

31、n and harsh operating conditions or conventional experiment cannot be carried out in the form of a vivid multimedia show the sight of students in learning, increase the enthusiasm of students learning. also, for some drugs consumption big or flammable and explosive, the operation is not easy to control or experiments, serious environme