（通用版）近年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第1部分基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)解讀Unit1Greatscientists教師專(zhuān)用新人教版必修5

1、unit 1great scientists.寫(xiě)作單詞-會(huì)拼寫(xiě)1exposevt.暴露；揭露;使曝光2attendvt.照顧；護(hù)理；出席；參加3absorbvt。吸收；吸引；使專(zhuān)心4blamevt.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)n. 過(guò)失;責(zé)備5curen.治愈；痊愈vt。 治愈;治療6defeatvt.打敗;戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫n. 失敗7foreseevt.預(yù)見(jiàn)；預(yù)知8positiveadj。積極的；肯定的；確實(shí)的9suspectvt.認(rèn)為；懷疑n。被懷疑者；嫌疑犯10handlen.柄;把手vt。處理;操縱11rejectvt。拒絕；拋棄；不接受12pollutevt.污染；弄臟pollutionn。污染13ann

2、ouncevt。宣布；通告announcementn.通知；宣告14contributevt。vi。捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助contributionn.貢獻(xiàn)15concludevt. vi.結(jié)束;推斷出conclusionn.結(jié)論；結(jié)束16constructvt。建設(shè)；修建constructionn.建設(shè)；建筑物17instructvt.命令;指示；教導(dǎo)instructionn.命令；傳授instructionsn.用法說(shuō)明書(shū)；操作指南18challengen.挑戰(zhàn)vt.向挑戰(zhàn)challengingadj。挑戰(zhàn)性的19enthusiasticadj。熱情的；熱心的enthusiasmn.熱情；熱心.閱

3、讀單詞要識(shí)記20characteristic n。特征；特性21scientific adj?？茖W(xué)的22cautious adj。小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的23analyse vt。 分析24physician n. 醫(yī)生;內(nèi)科醫(yī)師25victim n。 受害者26enquiry n. 詢(xún)問(wèn)27universe n. 宇宙;世界高頻短語(yǔ)會(huì)默寫(xiě)1put forward提出2expose.。.to使顯露;暴露3apart from除之外;此外4make sense講得通；有意義5draw a conclusion得出結(jié)論6link。.。to。.將和聯(lián)系或連接起來(lái)7(be)strict with。.。對(duì)嚴(yán)格的8

4、be to blame應(yīng)受譴責(zé)；應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任9point of view態(tài)度;觀點(diǎn)；看法10slow down減速11lead to通向；導(dǎo)致12look into調(diào)查教材原句-會(huì)背誦句式仿寫(xiě)能應(yīng)用1。neither its cause nor its cure was understood.(neither.。nor.。.既不也不)1。老師和其他學(xué)生都不相信他解釋的遲到的原因。neither the teacher nor other students believed the reason he explained for being late。2.so many thousands of t

5、errified people died every time there was an outbreak。(every time 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)2。每當(dāng)我聽(tīng)到這首歌,它就使我想起與祖母在一起的幸福時(shí)光.every time i hear this song,it makes me think of the happy days when i was with granny.3.only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.(only狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)主句

6、須倒裝）3。只有當(dāng)你找到內(nèi)心的安寧的時(shí)候,你才會(huì)與他人保持良好的關(guān)系.only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others。4。a woman， who had moved away from broad street， liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day。(have/get sth。4.別擔(dān)心，他將會(huì)盡力按時(shí)完成任務(wù)的。there is

7、 no need to worry. he will try to have/get his work finished on time. done 某事被做)精講6個(gè)考綱單詞 conclude vt。 vi.推斷出；結(jié)束；達(dá)成，締結(jié)經(jīng)典例句he concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan。(牛津詞典）他從他們的話(huà)語(yǔ)中推斷出他們不贊同這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。（1）concludeconclude sth。以結(jié)束to conclude最后（2)conclusion n。結(jié)論；結(jié)束come to/reach/draw

8、 a conclusion得出結(jié)論in conclusion總而言之he concluded his speech with a famous saying： its never too late to start.他以一句名言“只要去做永不為晚結(jié)束他的演講。ive come to the conclusion（conclude) that hes not the right person for the job.我斷定他不適合做這項(xiàng)工作。in conclusion，good interpersonal skills are a must for our future social life。

9、(2014年重慶高考寫(xiě)作）總之,良好的人際交往技巧對(duì)我們未來(lái)的社會(huì)生活是必需的。【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：30892110】 attend vt.出席;參加；照顧；護(hù)理 vi。專(zhuān)心；留意教材原句john snow was a famous doctor in londonso expert，indeed，that he attended queen victoria as her personal physician.約翰斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生-他的確醫(yī)術(shù)精湛，因而成了維多利亞女王的私人醫(yī)生。attend a meeting/a lecture/church參加會(huì)議/聽(tīng)講座/做禮拜attend on/upo

10、n sb。伺候某人；照顧某人attend to處理;傾聽(tīng)；專(zhuān)心于；照顧jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time。(2015年天津高考單項(xiàng)填空)簡(jiǎn)不能參加今天下午三點(diǎn)的會(huì)議，因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)時(shí)候她正在授課。i cant go out with you tonight because i have an urgent thing to attend（attend）to.今晚我不能與你一塊外出，因?yàn)槲矣幸患笔乱幚怼?expose vt.

11、暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面臨經(jīng)典例句the reporter was killed because he tried to expose a plot。這名記者因?yàn)樵噲D揭露一個(gè)陰謀而被殺害.（1）expose.。to使顯露；暴露be exposed to暴露于；處于危險(xiǎn)中（2）expose sth。to sb.向某人揭發(fā)某事dont expose your skin to sunlight directly，or you will get sunburnt。不要讓你的皮膚直接暴曬于陽(yáng)光下,否則你會(huì)被曬傷。as we all know，it is a good idea to be exposed

12、（expose)to the real language environment。眾所周知,接觸真實(shí)的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境是個(gè)好主意.鏈接寫(xiě)作句式升級(jí)being exposed to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.exposing yourself to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.（用v.。ing的主動(dòng)形式作主語(yǔ)改寫(xiě)句子)if exposed to the sunlight for too long，you will get your skin

13、 injured.（用if省略句改寫(xiě)句子） absorb vt。吸收；吸引；使專(zhuān)心；吞并；理解，掌握一詞多義寫(xiě)出下列句中absorb的含義most little shops have been absorbed into big businesses due to the influence of the global financial crisis。吞并black walls absorb a lot of heat during the day.吸收i keep the lesson simple because small kids cant absorb that much。理解ab

14、sorb ones attention吸引某人的注意be absorbed by/into被吞并;被所吸收be absorbed/buried in全神貫注于；專(zhuān)心于鏈接寫(xiě)作一句多譯湯姆專(zhuān)心于工作，忘記了通知她這件事。tom was so absorbed in his work that he forgot to inform her of it。so absorbed was tom in his work that he forgot to inform her of it.（用so。that.。的倒裝句）absorbed in his work，tom forgot to inform

15、 her of it.（用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)）【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào):30892111】 blame vt.責(zé)備;譴責(zé)；把歸咎于 n過(guò)失;責(zé)備經(jīng)典例句instead of blaming each other，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others place.我們應(yīng)該多交流、換位思考而不是相互責(zé)怪。（1)blame sb。for sth.因某事責(zé)備某人blame sth.on sb。把某事歸咎于某人身上be to blame（for.。）應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任；該受責(zé)備（用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義）（2)bear/take the blame for.。

16、對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)lay/put the blame for sth。on sb.把某事歸咎于某人身上as far as the cause of the accident is concerned，i think，it is the driver of the lorry who should take the blame。對(duì)于事故的原因，我認(rèn)為卡車(chē)司機(jī)應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé).we went 101 and i was named most valuable player，but i often had crazy dreams in which i was to blame for millers accident

17、.(2016年全國(guó)丙卷完形填空)我們以10比1獲勝并且我被封為最有價(jià)值的球員，但我總是做噩夢(mèng)，夢(mèng)中感覺(jué)自己應(yīng)該為miller的事故負(fù)責(zé). contribute vi。 vt.捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助經(jīng)典例句it was generous of her to contribute such a large sum.她很大方，捐助了這么大筆錢(qián)。(1)contribute sth。to。把某物捐獻(xiàn)給contribute to為做出貢獻(xiàn)；有助于；導(dǎo)致；為撰稿（2)contribution n。捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn);投稿make a contribution/contributions to對(duì)做出貢獻(xiàn)if you wan

18、t to contribute to our newspaper，please send me your article before the deadline.（2015年全國(guó)卷書(shū)面表達(dá)）如果你想給我們報(bào)紙投稿，請(qǐng)?jiān)谧詈笃谙耷鞍盐恼掳l(fā)給我。everyone is willing to contribute food and clothes to the homeless people。每個(gè)人都愿意為無(wú)家可歸的人捐獻(xiàn)食物和衣服.participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skill

19、s and make a contribution（contribute)to the class.參加比賽對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是一次難得的展示我的舞蹈才能并對(duì)班級(jí)做出貢獻(xiàn)的好機(jī)會(huì).【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：30892112】詮釋2個(gè)核心短語(yǔ) put forward 提出（建議);推薦;將提前；將(鐘表等）向前撥一詞多義寫(xiě)出下列句中put forward的含義as for the problem you put forward in your last letter， i think it is a wise choice for you to buy an e。dictionary。提出i think he is fi

20、t for the position；therefore, ill put him forward as a candidate。推薦you ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes。將（鐘表）向前撥they have put forward the date of their wedding by one week。將提前put aside節(jié)?。粌?chǔ)蓄；儲(chǔ)存；留出put away放好；積蓄put off延期；推遲put up舉起；張貼；建立；提供食宿put through接通電話(huà)；完成；使經(jīng)受the match has been put of

21、f until tomorrow because of bad weather.（朗文辭典）由于天氣不好，比賽推遲到明天. make sense 有意義；有道理；講得通經(jīng)典例句it doesnt make sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars。只是為了省一點(diǎn)錢(qián)買(mǎi)最便宜牌子的電腦沒(méi)意義。（1)make sense of理解;明白make no sense沒(méi)道理；沒(méi)意義（2)in a sense在某一方面；就某種意義來(lái)說(shuō)in no sense決不（位于句首時(shí)用部分倒裝)（3）there is n

22、o/little sense in doing sth。做某事沒(méi)道理planning so far ahead makes no sense-so many things will have changed by next year。提前這么久計(jì)劃沒(méi)有意義到明年許多事情都會(huì)發(fā)生變化。what she referred to was so confusing that they could hardly make sense of it.她所講的話(huà)如此令人費(fèi)解，他們搞不明白她是什么意思。as far as im concerned，there is no sense in getting（get

23、) upset about it now.就我而言，現(xiàn)在為這事苦惱是沒(méi)有意義的。鏈接寫(xiě)作翻譯句子你決不應(yīng)該灰心喪氣。繼續(xù)努力，你遲早會(huì)成功的。in no sense should you lose heart;keep trying and you will make it sooner or later。突破2個(gè)高考句型 （教材p2)neither its cause nor its cure was understood。人們既不知道其起因,也不知道它的治療方法。neither.。nor。.“既不也不”，連接句中兩個(gè)相同的句子成分。連接主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循就近一致原則。to be hone

24、st，i have neither time nor money for the ball。說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)，我既沒(méi)有時(shí)間也沒(méi)有錢(qián)參加舞會(huì)。遵循“就近原則”的其他并列連詞:either.or。不是就是not only.。. but also.。不僅而且not.。.but.。.不是而是neither my wife nor i myself am(be）able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.我妻子和我本人都沒(méi)能說(shuō)服女兒改變主意.not only the nurses but also the doctor is（be）very kind to th

25、e patients.不僅護(hù)士而且醫(yī)生也對(duì)病人很友善。鏈接寫(xiě)作合并句子henry wont see a film tonight。 his girlfriend helen wont， either。neither henry nor his girlfriend helen will see a film tonight。【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：30892113】 (教材p2）so many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak每次爆發(fā)霍亂時(shí)，都有大批驚恐的老百姓病死.every time為名詞詞組，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間

26、狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于whenever，表示“每當(dāng)時(shí)”。i think of the happy hours we spent together every time i see these photos.每次看到這些照片，我都會(huì)想起我們一起度過(guò)的美好時(shí)光。名詞詞組作連詞用，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的還有：（1)由time構(gòu)成的名詞詞組：each time，the first/last time，next time，any time等。(2)the瞬間名詞：the minute/instant/second/moment等。the first time he came to the city,he deci

27、ded to settle there。他第一次來(lái)到那個(gè)城市時(shí)，就決定在那里安家了.the moment the famous pop star got out of the airport，he was surrounded by his fans。這位著名的歌星一出機(jī)場(chǎng)，就被他的歌迷們圍了起來(lái)。多角快練-練單詞 練短語(yǔ) 練句型-基礎(chǔ)考點(diǎn)全面練。單句語(yǔ)法填空1when he came back three hours later，they were still sitting on the sofa, (absorb） in conversation.【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：30892114】2becau

28、se of the severe （pollute)，the water in the river is too dirty to drink.3not knowing what was wrong with his car，martin decided to send for an experienced man (handle) the problem.4children, when （expose) to an englishspeaking atmosphere, will pick up the language much more easily。5finding a solutio

29、n to this problem is one of the greatest (challenge） faced by scientists today。6the army was welltrained and wellarmed, and had little difficulty (defeat) the enemy?！敬鸢浮?。absorbed2.pollution3.to handle4。exposed5。challenges6。defeating.單句改錯(cuò)1all the people present accepted the suggestion was put forwar

30、d by the chairman. 2it doesnt make sense to complain after defeated。you should cheer up and practise hard instead. 3neither the teacher nor the students is content with the result. 4every time i will meet with difficulties in study，i solve it by myself. 5tom suggested that we would not hold such a m

31、eeting，but jenny insisted that it was of great importance。 【答案】1。去掉was或was前加which/that2。after后加being3.isare4。去掉will5。去掉would或wouldshould重難考點(diǎn)多維練1conclude全接觸（1)單句語(yǔ)法填空in (conclude)， people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage.john said he could conclude janes express

32、ion that jane had stolen his money。when the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to conclude it important points.【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：30892115】(2)一句多譯我從我自己的經(jīng)歷中得出結(jié)論：有志者，事竟成.i where there is a will，there is a way.i where there is a will，there is a way.【答案】conclusionfromwithdrew a conclusion from my own exper

33、iences thatconcluded from my own experiences that2blame點(diǎn)點(diǎn)練（1）單句語(yǔ)法填空 (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, alice was in low spirits。whenever he didnt perform well in his studies， he would blame his failure carelessness.in my view, li hua， who broke the school rule， was （blame）.【導(dǎo)學(xué)

34、號(hào)：30892116】（2）一句多譯針對(duì)這起嚴(yán)重的交通事故，警方已經(jīng)查明事情的起因，是那位卡車(chē)司機(jī)應(yīng)為此事負(fù)責(zé)。in terms of this severe traffic accident， the police had figured out the cause of the case and it was the driver of the lorry （blame v)in terms of this severe traffic accident， the police had figured out the cause of the case and it was the dri

35、ver of the lorry it。(blame n)【答案】blamedonto blamethat was to blamethat should take the blame for.課文語(yǔ)法填空根據(jù)p23課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式.john snow was a famous doctor in london, who was so expert that he 1. （attend） queen victoria as her personal physician. but he was famous for 2。 （defeat)“kin

36、g cholera”cholera was a 3. (dead) disease and neither its cause 4. its cure was understood。 john snow wanted to face the challenge and solve the problem。 he suspected that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.so when another severe outbreak hit london， he began his enquiry

37、。 he found that many victims 5。 （link) to the outbreak were near the water pump, so he had the handle 6. (remove)。 soon afterwards the disease slowed down。 he drew 7。 conclusion that the polluted water was 8。 （blame)the water 9. (company) were instructed not to expose people 10. polluted water any more。 finally“king cholera” was defeated.【答案】1。attended2.defeating3。deadly4。nor5.linked6.removed7。the8。to p