[自學(xué)考試密押題庫與答案解析]英語寫作基礎(chǔ)自考真題2010年10月

1、自學(xué)考試密押題庫與答案解析英語寫作基礎(chǔ)自考真題2010年10月自學(xué)考試密押題庫與答案解析英語寫作基礎(chǔ)自考真題2010年10月英語寫作基礎(chǔ)自考真題2010年10月.重寫句子Revise each of the following sentences according to the requirement in brackets問題:1. I was apprenticed to a builder when I was fourteen(simple sentence)答案:I was apprenticed to a builder at the age of fourteen./ at f

2、ourteen./at age fourteen.解析 根據(jù)簡(jiǎn)單句的特點(diǎn)，只需把原題中的狀語從句，即when I was fourteen轉(zhuǎn)化為介詞短語即可。問題:2. Independence Hall in Philadelphia is now restored. Fifty years ago it was in bad shape. (compound sentence)答案:Independence Hall in Philadelphia is now restored, but fifty years ago it Was in bad shape. /Fifty years

3、ago Independence Hall in Philadelphia was in bad shape, and it is now restored.解析 本題是兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句組成的，要把此題改寫成并列句可直接添加并列連詞but，或者把原題后句前置，并把后句中“it”替換為“Independence Hall in Philadelphia”，最后通過并列連詞and將其與前句連接。問題:3. The story was interesting. It was not believable. (complex sentence)答案:Although the story was intere

4、sting, it was not believable.解析 要將句子改寫成復(fù)合句，首先要分析兩分句之間的語氣關(guān)系，然后再選擇適合題目的從屬連詞，將主句與從句連接。由于前后兩分句具轉(zhuǎn)折語氣，故可用連詞although連接，組成復(fù)合句。問題:4. Despite its shortcomings, education remains the single best means of economic advancement. (loose construction)答案:Education remains the single best means of economic advancemen

5、t, despite its shortcomings. /Edueation remains the single best means of economic advancement despite its shortcomings.解析 本句的特點(diǎn)是中心意思在前，題目中重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是“education remains the single best means of economic advancement”，故將其前置即可。問題:5. My aunt often travels abroad. She enjoys experimenting with unusual food.

6、(sentence with a modifying phrase)答案:My aunt, often travelling abroad, enjoys experimenting with unusual food./Often travelling abroad, my aunt enjoys experimenting with unusual food.解析 本題要求把句子改寫為含有一個(gè)修飾短語的句子。題目中的第一個(gè)句子可轉(zhuǎn)化為分詞短語作狀語，修飾后面第二個(gè)句子。注意，由于句中主語與動(dòng)作的關(guān)系為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故使用現(xiàn)在分詞travelling。問題:6. I want neither y

7、our sympathy nor do I want your pity. (sentence with parallel structure)答案:I want neither your sympathy nor your pity./Neither do I want your sympathy nor do I want your pity.解析 本題要求把句子改寫為含平行結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。分析題目可知，want一詞的兩個(gè)賓語，即“your sympathy”和“your pity”可作為并列成分組成平行結(jié)構(gòu)。另外本題也可采用倒裝句的平行結(jié)構(gòu)，即neither一詞置于句首，形成Neither

8、do Inor do I的倒裝平行結(jié)構(gòu)。問題:7. We should not rely so heavily on oil, coal and uranium. They are overused. Coal and oil are irreplaceable. Uranium is also irreplaceable. (long sentence)答案:We should not rely so heavily on oil, coal and uranium, which are overused and irreplaceable./We should not rely so he

9、avily on oil, coal and uraniuin because/as they are overused and irreplaeeable.解析 將句子改寫成長(zhǎng)句的關(guān)鍵是透徹地分析各分句間的關(guān)系，將幾個(gè)分散的句子通過定語從句或狀語成分整合成一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句。本題第二至第四小句可轉(zhuǎn)化為第一小句的定語從句，或者此三句整合后作第一小句的原因狀語從句。問題:8. Shopkeepers usually close their stores early on December 24 to get home early for Christmas Eve. (sentence with to O

10、pener )答案:To get home early for Christmas Eve, shopkeepem usually close their stores early on December 24.解析 本題要求把句子改寫為以動(dòng)詞不定式開頭的句子。此類題目較為簡(jiǎn)單，只需正確找出動(dòng)詞不定式部分，將其置于句首即可。問題:9. Smith forgot his wedding anniversary for the tenth straight year. Smith s wife was extremely angry. She made Smith spend a week sle

11、eping on the porch. (compound-complex sentence)答案:Smith forgot his wedding anniversary for the tenth straight year, and his wife was extremely angry，80 she made him spend a week sleeping on the porch./Because Smith forgot his wedding anniversary for the tenth straight year，hiswife was extremely angr

12、y, and she made him spend a week sleeping on the porch./Because Smith forgot his wedding anniversary for the tenth straight year, his wife was so angry that she made him spend a week sleeping on theporch.解析 本題要求把句子改寫為并列復(fù)合句。通過分析各分句之間的關(guān)系可知，第一小句是促使其他動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的原因，而“she made Smith spend a week sleeping on the

13、 porch”是最終結(jié)果。因此，再借助連詞because和and可重寫成并列復(fù)合句。問題:10. The route can be changed. I know several people. They dont like any change. (compound-complex sentence)答案:The route can be changed, but I know several people who dont like any change.解析 本題包含三個(gè)單句，其中前兩句可構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，而第三小句可作第二小句中“people”的定語從句。這樣也就構(gòu)成了并列復(fù)合句。.改寫病句C

14、orrect the errors in the following sentences.問題:1. I went home, he stayed at the party.答案:I went home， but/and he stayed at the party. /I went home, He stayed at the party.解析 本題是個(gè)串句，串句是一種錯(cuò)誤的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，是若干句子機(jī)械的雜糅。本題修改的方法是把原題分成兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子或者根據(jù)上下句間的關(guān)系采用連詞把句子連接起來。問題:2. I returned the kitty to my mom. Which had bee

15、n missing for a couple of days.答案:I returned the kitty, which had been missing for a couple of days, to my mom./I returned the kitty which had been missing for a couple of days to my mom.解析 本題中第二句其實(shí)是第一小句中kitty一詞的定語從句，將其腎接于先行詞kitty之后即可。問題:3. Mother could not persuade me that giving is as much a joy a

16、s to receive.答案:Mother could not persuade me that giving is as much a joy as receiving./Mother could not persuade me that to give is as much ajoy as to receive.解析 本題中“giving is as much a joy as to receive”部分是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的平行結(jié)構(gòu)。修改方法是將“giving”改為“to give”或“to receive”改為“receiving”。問題:4. Walked along the river,I

17、ran into a high school friend of mine.答案:Walking along the river, I ran into a hish school friend of mine.解析 本題中“walked alongthe river”是后面句子的狀語成分，但由于“I”和“walked”是主謂關(guān)系，故應(yīng)將“walked”改為“walking”。問題:5. Economists are applauded or ignored when the economy is strong; are criticized when it is weak.答案:Econom

18、ists are applauded or ignored when the economy is strong; they are criticized when it is weak.解析 本題的解題突破口是題中的分號(hào)，由于分號(hào)前后必須是兩個(gè)句子，因此為分號(hào)后面部分增添主語they(指代economists)即可。.標(biāo)出主題句問題:1. Choose the best topic sentence from the group below. Write the letter of your choice in the blank provided. A. There are some di

19、fferences in the behavior of rock and classical music audiences. B. At a rock concert, the audience members yell,whistle, sing along, and even stamp their feet. C. Members of the classical music audience are so highly disciplined that they refrain from even clearing their throats or coughing. D. Wit

20、h rock music,the better the performance,the more active the audience will be;with classical music,he better the performance ,the more still the audience will be. Answer:_ 答案:Choose the best topic sentence from the group below. Write the letter of your choice in the blank provided. Topic sentence: A解

21、析 主題句是段落中表達(dá)中心思想的句子，主題句統(tǒng)率全段，是一個(gè)段落中最具概括性、最重要的話語。主題句限制著一段話的內(nèi)容范圍。本題中A項(xiàng)的意思是，搖滾樂的觀眾和古典樂的觀眾在行為上有一些差異。這句話具有概括性，涉及的內(nèi)容范圍也較為合適，應(yīng)為主題句。B、C兩項(xiàng)分別是從一方面描述兩種音樂類型的觀眾的特點(diǎn)，范圍太?。籇項(xiàng)是把兩種類型的觀眾加以比較，范圍較小，也不具概括性。因此A為正確答案。 問題:2. Read the following paragraph and underline the topic sentence. Burnout is a potential problem for any

22、hard working and persevering student. To strengthen their immunity to burnout, students need to work in moderation. They can concentrate on school every day, provided that they do not overtax themselves. One method students can use is to avoid concentrating on a single project for an extended period

23、 of time. For example, if students have to read two books for a midterm history test, they should do other assignments at intervals so that the two books will not get boring. Another means to moderate a workload is to regulate how many extra- curricular projects to take on. 答案:Read the following par

24、agraph and underline the topic sentence. Burnout is a potential problem for any hard working and persevering student. To strengthen their immunity to burn out, students need to work in moderation. They Can concentrate on school every day, provided that they do not overtax themselves. One methed stud

25、ents can use is to avoid concentrating on a single project for an extended period of time. For example, if students have to read two books for a midterm history test, they should do other assignments at intervals so that the two books will not get boring. Another means to moderate a workload is to r

26、egulatehow many extaeurricular projects to take on.解析 主題句常位于段首(但未必總是段落的第一句)，有時(shí)也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在段中或段尾。首先通讀段落，本段共六句，而從第三句到段尾作者談?wù)摰亩际潜苊膺^度勞累的具體做法。再看前兩句話的意思，第一句：過度勞累對(duì)努力、執(zhí)著的學(xué)生來說是一個(gè)潛在的問題；第二句：為了增強(qiáng)抵御過度勞累的能力，學(xué)生們需要合理學(xué)習(xí)。很明顯，第二句可以概括后面幾句的意思，故第二句為主題句。 問題:3. Read the following paragraph carefully and select the best topic sente

27、nce from the four possible answers that follow the paragraph. Write the letter of your choice in the blank provided. Topic Sentence:_ The first electronic computer, ENIAC, went into operation just over fifty years ago. Compared with todays home computer, ENIAC was enormous, consisting of forty panel

28、s, each two feet wide and four feet deep. Todays PC or Macintosh, by contrast, can fit on ones desk or even lap. ENIAC had to be configured by hand, with its programmers taking up to two days to reset switches and cables. Today, the average home user can change programs in an instant. And for all it

29、s size and inconvenience, ENIAC was slow. In its time, its operating speed of 100,000 pulses per second seemed amazingly fast. However, todays home machine can operate at 1 billion pulses per second or faster. A. ENIAC came into being about 50 years ago. B. ENIAC was huge in size,and inconvenient to

30、 use. C. ENIAC differed from todays home computer greatly. D. ENIAC operated at a much slower speed compared with today s home computer. 答案:Read the following paragraph carefully and select the best topic sentence from the four possible answers that follow the paragraph. Write the letter of your cho

31、ice in the blank provided. Topic sentence: C解析 本段大意為：第一臺(tái)電腦ENIAC于50年前問世，與現(xiàn)代電腦相比，ENIAC更大、更復(fù)雜。當(dāng)代個(gè)人電腦或Macintosh可放到桌子或大腿上。ENIAC需手動(dòng)配置，其程序人員重設(shè)開關(guān)和線路需兩天時(shí)間。今天的一臺(tái)普通電腦也可在瞬間改換程序。而且ENIAC不僅龐大，不便使用，它運(yùn)行也慢然而，今天的計(jì)算機(jī)每秒可發(fā)出十億個(gè)脈沖信號(hào)或者更多?？梢园l(fā)現(xiàn)，該段落主要是把ENIAC和現(xiàn)代電腦進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。故C項(xiàng)符合要求。 .重新組合段落Rearrange the following numbered sentences

32、so that they will read logically. Put the numbers in proper sequence in the boxes provided below.問題:1. 19. When they reached the cottage, the two seated themselves with some appearance of fatigue ( 疲憊) upon the upper step of the porch. 20. The sunshade continued to approach slowly. 21. He fixed his

33、gaze upon a white sunshade (遮陽傘) that was advancing slowly from the beach. 22. The gulf looked far away, melting hazily into the blue of the horizon. 23. Mr. Pontellier, sitting at the porch of a cottage, lit a cigar and looked afar. 24. Beneath the sunshade were his wife, Mrs. Pontellier, and young

34、 Robert Lebrun. 25. They faced each other, each leaning against a supporting post. 26. He could see it plainly between the trunks of the water-oaks along the gulf and across the stretch of wild flowers. 22 20 24 答案: 23 21 26 22 20 24 19 25 解析 本題解答的關(guān)鍵是準(zhǔn)確把握段落中空間及動(dòng)作先后的順序。因本段無明顯的主題句，23句可作為首句，因?yàn)橄挛囊幌盗械膭?dòng)作均

35、由此句中主語“Mr.PonteUier”發(fā)出，或者以他為起點(diǎn)。然后是21句，此句中引出一個(gè)新的敘述對(duì)象：a sunshade。由此可確定下句緊接的是26句，因26句中it一詞指的是sunshade。通讀過22、20、24句之后注意抓住24句中提供的信息：his wife, Mrs. Pontellier, and young Robert Lebrun，他們正是19句中“they”所指代的對(duì)象，最后依據(jù)動(dòng)作先后，25句應(yīng)排在最后。所以正確的段落順序應(yīng)是：23，21，26，22，20，24，19，25。 .標(biāo)出與段落內(nèi)容無關(guān)的句子問題:1. We have all used physical d

36、atabases since our grammar school days. Grammar school is known today as grade school or elementary school. Our class year-books, telephone books, shoeboxes full of receipts documenting various bills we have paid-these are all databases in one form or another, for a database is nothing more than a c

37、ollection of information organized to allow retrieval (取回) of that information in certain ways. Anyone who is well organized has a better chance of succeeding in college or in the business world.答案:We have all used physical databases since our grammar school days. Grammar school is known today as gr

38、ade school or elementary school. Our class year-books, telephone books, shoeboxes full of receipts documenting various bilks we have paidthese are all databases in one form or another, for a database is nothing more than a collection of informarion organized to allow retrieval(取回)of that information

39、 in certain ways. Anyone who is well organized has a better chance of succeccding in college or in the business world.解析 本段話的大概意思是：我們從上語法學(xué)校起就開始使用物理數(shù)據(jù)庫了。語法學(xué)校在今天稱為年級(jí)學(xué)校或小學(xué)。我們的班級(jí)年鑒、電話簿和裝滿了收據(jù)的鞋盒這些都是不同形式的數(shù)據(jù)庫，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫也不過是可以用某種方式取回整理好的信息的一種形式而已。任何一個(gè)善于規(guī)劃的人都有更大的希望在大學(xué)或商業(yè)界中獲得成功。本段的主題是數(shù)據(jù)庫的特點(diǎn)，而第二句和末句與此無關(guān)，故可刪除。.寫信問

40、題:1. Write a letter according to the following situation: You are going to apply for an undergraduate English literature program of a university. In the letter, tell them about your interest in the program, your qualifications and your career plan. The letter is addressed to the program director Mr. Rochester. Dont forget to tell him your phone number (555-5555) and your email address (liping 126. com). Please