現(xiàn)在完成時(知識梳理)

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(知識梳理)現(xiàn)在完成時【概念引入】欣賞含有現(xiàn)在完成時的名言：Life has taught me to think, but thinking has not taught me to live. 生活教會了我思考，但思考卻沒有教會我生活。Winter must be cold for those with no warm memories. We have already missed the spring. 對于那些沒有溫馨回憶的人們來說，冬天一定很冷。我們已經(jīng)錯過春天了。Nature has given us the seeds of knowledge, but not kn

2、owledge itself. 在自然賦予我們知識的種子，而非知識本身?，F(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成時是：助動詞have（has）+過去分詞構(gòu)成的。I have finished my homework. 我已經(jīng)完成了作業(yè)?，F(xiàn)在完成時的否定句：是在助動詞have(has)的后面加not構(gòu)成。I havent seen the film so far. 到目前為止，我還沒有看那部電影?，F(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句：是把助動詞have(has)提到句子主語的前面。Have you seen the film yet? 你看過那部電影了嗎？【用法講解】一、現(xiàn)在完成時的定義及用法（1）表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對

3、現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。I have just cleaned my clothes. 我剛洗過衣服。（“洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過去的動作，對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“衣服干凈了”）Have you read that story？你讀過那個故事嗎？（“讀”這一動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成的影響是：是否知道故事的內(nèi)容。） 在學習這一概念的同時，還應(yīng)注意常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的幾個副詞：already，just，ever，yet，never等。already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑問句和否定句中。I have already finished my homework. 我已經(jīng)做完

4、家庭作業(yè)了。 He has just had his meal. 他剛吃過飯。 Have you ever sung this English song？ 你曾唱過這首英文歌嗎？ They havent started yet他們還沒有動身。 We have never heard of it 我們從來沒有聽說過這件事。二、現(xiàn)在完成時的定義及用法（2）表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，也可以表示實質(zhì)可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。這時往往與表示一段的時間狀語連用。I have been here for just over two years. 我到這里才兩年多。He has worked

5、here since 1989. 從1989年，他就在這里工作。1） 因為表示的是持續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)，所以使用的動詞通常是延續(xù)性動詞：be, stay, study, wait, keep, have等。2）使用的時間狀語通常由for或since 引導(dǎo)，但二者后接的詞有所不同：for后常跟一個時間段，指某個動作到現(xiàn)在為止已持續(xù)了多長時間。如：for three years, for half an hour等。 since 作介詞，后面可以接一個時間點，如since 1980，也可以接“一段時間+ago”,如: since three years ago, since two months ag

6、o等。since 還可用作連詞，引導(dǎo)一個過去時態(tài)的時間狀語從句。如：We have known each other since we went to college. 自從我們上大學我們就彼此認識了。3）非延續(xù)性動詞不能直接和for 或since 連用，但我們可以找一個相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞或動詞短語來替換這些非延續(xù)性動詞。如: comebe, come tobe in / at, go out be out, leavebe away, beginbe on, stop be over， buy have, borrow keep, openbe open, closebe closed, jo

7、inbe a member of, diebe dead, catch a coldhave a cold, get to knowknow, become a teacher be a teacher, fall asleepbe asleep, fall ill be ill等。三、現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別及聯(lián)系：1）都表示過去發(fā)生的事；2）現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)過去和現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，不能和具體的時間狀語連用；3）一般過去時強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事或狀態(tài)與表示過去的具體時間連用（last, ago, yesterday, etc.）。He had his breakfast at 6:00. （一般過去時

8、） 他六點鐘吃的早飯。He has had his breakfast.（現(xiàn)在完成時）他吃過早飯了。四、have gone to， have been to與have been in 的用法比較have/has gone to:已經(jīng)去了或在途中，還沒有返回；have/has been to:曾經(jīng)去過某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了,后面可接表示“次數(shù)”的狀語;have/has been in:表示某人“已在某地停留一段時間，現(xiàn)仍在那里”，其后常帶表示一段時間的狀語。They have gone to England, and they will go back next week. 他們?nèi)ビ耍轮芑貋?/p>

9、。Mr. Green has been in China for many years. 格林先生在中國呆過好多年了。Miss Brown has been to Japan twice. 布朗小姐到日本去過兩次。五、重點句型:It is/ has been+段時間+since從句 段時間+has passed+ since從句舉例：他死了兩年了。（可用多種句式表達）He died two years ago.He has been dead for two years /since two years ago It is/ has been two years since he died.T

10、wo years has passed since he died.Exercises1 選擇填空( )1.I Enghish in this school since 1999(A)taught (B)have taught (C)tea (D)would teach( )2.Lilei the pen for five years(A)has had (B)bought (C)have had (D)have bought( )3.Kate her grand mothers photo before(A)havent seen (B)have seen (C)see (D)hasnt s

11、eenExercises2 選擇填空( )1.Have you finished your work? .(A).Yes,I have. (B)Yes,I do. (C)Yes,I am. (D)Yes,I did.( )2.Has she ever learned English? (A)Yes, she has. (B)Yes, she does. (C)No, she doesnt (D)No, she has( )3.He finished his homework. yet(A)doesnt(B)havent (C)hasnt (D)doesnt haveExercises3 選擇填

12、空( )1.Have you travelled on the train. Yes, I have.(A)never (B)ever (C)just (D)yet( )2.Have you finished your homework Not .(A)ever (B)already (C)yet (D)just( )3. We havent finished our homework .(A)already(B)ever (C)yet (D)never( )4.Have you learned English? Yes, Ive learned a lot.(A)never, ever(B)

13、ever, never (C)ever, already (D)already. ever Exercises4 A）用since和for填空1) _ two years2) _ two years ago3) _ last month4) _ 19995) _ yesterday6) _ 4 oclock7) _ 4 hours8) _ an hour ago9) _ we were children 10) _ lunch time11) _ she left hereB）用since和for填空1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before la

14、st.2. Ive known him _ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.5. Its about ten years _ she left the city.Exercises5A） 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ the

15、re?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once. B） 用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各種形式填空。1

16、) Where is Jack? He _ his country.2) David _ the park just now.3) John _ England since he came back.4) How long _ have _ this village?5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.7) I _ this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm.Exercis

17、es 6 選擇填空( )1. Have you finshed your homework Yes, I it last night(A)finish (B)finished (C)have finished (D)will finish( )2. you ever to Nanjing Yes, I there last year.(A)Havegone, have gone (B)Havebeen , went(C)Didgo, went (D)Didgo, has , been( )3.When you Lucy in New York? I here for two years(A)d

18、idmeet, havent seen (B)didmeet, havent seen(C)didmeet, dont see (D)wouldmeet, hadnt seen( )4.-when_ you to Beijing? How long you here?(A)havecome , havebeen (B)didcome , havebeen(C)didcome , didgo (D)didcome , have gone Exercises7A）按要求把短暫性轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動詞arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.

19、 be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2) I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.3) I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.4) They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back, return be

20、backcome/go out be out1) He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2) The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed open be open1) The shop close

21、d two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up die be deadleave sw. be away from sw.fall asleep/get to sleep be asleepfinish/end be over marry be married1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.2) He left Fuzhou just now.H

22、e _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They married in 1990.They _ _ _since _.start/begin to do sth. do sth.begin be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.2) The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _.borrow keep lose not have buy h