考點12 代詞（解析版）

1、 2020年高考英語一輪考點掃描專題12 代詞1、 【知識精講】考點一：人稱、物主、反身、指示和疑問代詞（一）人稱代詞1. 人稱代詞指代的數(shù)量前后要一致。The students must be made to understand how important each subject is to them.2. 句中沒有謂語動詞,人稱代詞要用賓格。The town is so beautiful！I just love it. Me too.3. 在than, as后用主格、賓格都可以。Im taller than she/her. Im as tall as she/her. 4. 在作表

2、語時,用賓格較多。Who is knocking at the door? Its me.（二）物主代詞1. 名詞性物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞名詞。Look at the two pencils. The red one is your pencil, the blue one is mine. (minemy pencil)2. 形容詞性物主代詞不與a/an, any, this, that, these, some, several, no, each, another等詞連用。3. 當(dāng)形容詞性物主代詞與all和both連用時,必須放在all和both之后。Anyway, I cant ch

3、eat himits against all my principles.（三）反身代詞1. 作賓語時,常用在介詞for, of, in, between, among或動詞后。You shouldnt leave the child at home by himself.One should not live only for oneself.含有反身代詞的習(xí)慣用語有：seat oneself；behave oneself；enjoy oneself；come to oneself；devote oneself to；adapt oneself to； accustom oneself to

4、。2. 作表語、同位語用于be, feel, seem, look等后,作表語,表示身體處于正常狀態(tài)；作同位語時,主要用于加強名詞的語氣, 可緊跟在名詞后面或位于句尾。Im not myself today. The thing itself is not important.（四）指示代詞this, that, these, those, such, so1. this/these指在時間或空間上較近的人或事物；this還可以指下文將要談到的人或物。2. that/those指在時間或空間上較遠的人或事物；that還可以指上文提到過的人或物。3. such指代前面所敘述的人或事物。作主語時,

5、謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于后面的名詞或代詞的數(shù)。4. so代替一個句子或短語所表達的內(nèi)容,意為“如此,這樣”。在believe, think, expect, suppose, imagine, guess等詞后用so代替前文提出的觀點。This apple pie is too sweet, dont you think so?Such is the power of the TV that it can make a person suddenly famous.one, ones, that, those與it作替代詞時的區(qū)別1. one替代上文單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,表泛指,同類不同一,相當(dāng)于“a/

6、an單數(shù)名詞”。The train was crowded so we decided to catch a later one.2. ones替代上文出現(xiàn)的名詞復(fù)數(shù),表泛指,同類不同一。3. that替代上文出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,表特指,同類不同一,相當(dāng)于“the單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞”。一般不和冠詞連用,其后總有修飾語。His own experience was different from that of his friends. 4. those是that的復(fù)數(shù)形式。替代上文出現(xiàn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞(尤其是有后置定語時),表特指,同類不同一。The books on the des

7、k are better than those/the ones under the desk.5. it替代上文提到的“同一”事物。I love the springit is a wonderful time of the year. （五）疑問代詞1. whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever分別是what, which, who, whom的強調(diào)形式,表示說話人的驚訝、憤慨、困惑等感情色彩。Whatever can you mean? Whoever thought up that joke?3. 四個特殊短語What for.？為何？What if

8、.？要是會怎么樣？What/How about.？怎么樣？(表示征求意見,常接動名詞),So what？那又怎樣？考點二：不定代詞（一）none, nobody/no one, nothing1. none既可指人也可指物,多與表示范圍的介詞of連用；與數(shù)量有關(guān),可回答how many或how much類的問句,表示“一個也沒有”。My brother would like to buy a good watch but none was available from that shop. 2. nobody/no one不能與of連用,只能指人,表示“什么人也沒有”,可回答who引導(dǎo)的疑問句

9、。Nobody can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it. 3. nothing表示“什么也沒有”,用來否定一切,可回答what引導(dǎo)的疑問句。（二）another, other, the other, others, the others1. another指三者或三者以上中的任何一個,用作代詞或形容詞。Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is another. 2. other不能單獨使用,只能修飾名詞,表示泛指意義。3. the othe

10、r指“兩者中的另一個”,常與one連用,組成one.the other.表示“一個另一個”；作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時,表示“全部其余的”。I have two books; one is English, and the other is French.4. others單獨使用,表示泛指意義,意為“其他的人或事物”,常與some一起出現(xiàn)；特指“其他的全部人或事物”時用the others。In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in others, knives and forks. （三）either, both, neithe

11、r, all, none, anyeither肯定意義 表示“兩者中的一個”,作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)both 肯定意義表示“兩者都”,作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)neither否定意義 表示“兩者都不”,作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)all肯定意義 作主語時,謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)與all所指代的人或事物保持一致none 否定意義 作主語后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)；后接不可數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)any肯定意義 作主語時,謂語動詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可,常與of連用Shed lived in London and Manchester, but she liked neither and mo

12、ved to Cambridge.Niki is always full of ideas, but none is useful to my knowledge. All horses are animals, but not all animals are horses.注意：1. both, all與not連用表示部分否定；表示全部否定應(yīng)用neither, none。2. 區(qū)分 the other和the rest of：the other只能修飾可數(shù)單數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞；the rest of既可以修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞,又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。（四）復(fù)合不定代詞的特殊用法1. anything bu

13、t 根本不；nothing but僅僅,只不過；something like大約,類似；anything like完全像,全然。They can get something like 3,000 a year.2. somebody有時有“重要人物”之意,nobody則指“小人物,無名之輩”。She rose from being nobody to become a superstar. She thinks shes really somebody in that car.3. something of a/an頗有幾分,堪稱。He is something of a book colle

14、ctor.4. anywhere between大約I think Mrs Stark could be anywhere between 50 and 60 years of age.考點三：it用法（一）it作人稱代詞1. it 作人稱代詞可以指事物或人。it 指人時,主要用于指性別不明的嬰兒或用于確認(rèn)某人的身份。Is it a boy or a girl? There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman. 注意：在答語中,常用來指本人,如：Its me。2. it 還可用于代替指示代詞this, that 以及復(fù)合不定代詞 som

15、ething, anything, nothing等。Whats this？ Its a new machine.（二）it作非人稱代詞1. 指時間、距離、天氣、日期、溫度等。It rained all day yesterday. Its early spring, but it is already hot.2. 用于一些固定句型中。Its time for sb. to do sth. 某人該做某事了。Its (about/high) timethat. 該是時候了(從句謂語用過去式或“should動詞原形”)Its first/second. timethat. 某人第幾次做某事(從句

16、謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時)Its時間段since. 自從有一段時間了Its時間段before. 過多長的時間才3. it作形式主語或形式賓語,代替不定式、動名詞、主語從句或賓語從句。It is no use crying spilt milk. We think it necessary to combine theory with practice.常用it作形式主語或形式賓語的句式有：It is a pity/a shame/no wonder that. 真可惜/丟人/難怪It seems/appears/happens that. 似乎/看來/碰巧It looks/seems as if/th

17、ough. 看起來好像It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that. 某人突然想起It is said/reported/believed/suggested that. 據(jù)說/據(jù)報道/人們認(rèn)為/人們建議It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花費某人多長時間It is no use/good doing sth. 做某事沒有用/好處make it clear that. 清楚表明.主語表示情感傾向的動詞(enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate, rely on, see

18、 to等)itthat/if/when.4. 用于強調(diào)句型“It is/was被強調(diào)部分that/who其他部分”。It was David who/that bought a cellphone from a store nearby yesterday.It was from a store nearby that David bought a cellphone yesterday.注意：如果把句子的It is/was和that/who去掉,剩余部分仍然是一個完整的句子,則可判斷該句為強調(diào)句。2、 【典例精練】1. When the gorillas and I frightened e

19、ach other, I was just glad to find_(they) alive.【參考答案】them【解析】此處作find 的賓語,所以用賓格them。句意：當(dāng)我和大猩猩互相恐嚇時,我很高興看到它們還活著。2. Those who smoke heavily should remind_(they) of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other people.【參考答案】themselves【解析】句意：那些煙癮很大的人應(yīng)該提醒自己注意健康,難聞的氣味以及他人的感受。remind oneself of sth.提醒自己當(dāng)心

20、某事。3. A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _who are not.【參考答案】those/the ones【解析】考查代詞。句意：一項研究表明,參加課外活動的學(xué)生比不參加課外活動的學(xué)生更開心?？崭裉幋~與the students是對應(yīng)關(guān)系,可以用the ones或者those替代。4. Usually there might be a lot of accidents in the heavy fog. I happened to witness _

21、 this morning. 【參考答案】one【解析】句意：通常在大霧天會有很多事故。今天早上我碰巧目擊了一起事故。根據(jù)語境可知,此處指上句提到的“一起交通事故”,故用one代替。5. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy _.【參考答案】it【解析】it=the house with a beautiful garden in front。句意：我很喜歡屋前有一個美麗花園的這棟房子,但是我沒有足夠的錢去把它買下來。6. The meeting will

22、be held in September, but _ knows the date for sure.【參考答案】nobody【解析】句意：會議將在九月份舉行,但是沒有人知道確切日期。根據(jù)兩句話之間的并列連詞but可知,前后語意是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,雖然都知道是在九月份,但是沒有人知道具體的日期。7. Niki is always full of ideas, but _ is useful to my knowledge.【參考答案】none【解析】句意：Niki總是有各種想法,但沒有一個對我的認(rèn)知有幫助。nothing泛指什么東西都沒有；no one泛指沒有人；neither指的是兩者都不；non

23、e則特指沒有特定的人或物,范圍是三者或三者以上。語境中full of ideas指的是三者或三者以上,因此none符合題意。8. When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon? _. Ill be in all day.【參考答案】Either【解析】句意：我該什么時間給你打電話,早上還是下午？都可以,我一整天都在家。上句提到了兩個時間,故可用both, either, neither。在根據(jù)“一整天都在家”可知,兩個時間中的那個時間來都可以。9. Many westerners who/that come to China cook much

24、less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap_can be to eat out.【參考答案】it【解析】句子為感嘆句,正常語序應(yīng)該是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主語,用it 是形式主語。句意：許多來中國的西方人一旦意識到在外面吃飯是多么的便宜,他們就會比在自己國家做飯少得多。10. It was when I got back to my apartment _ I first came across my new neighbors.【參考答案】that

25、【解析】句意：當(dāng)我回到我的公寓的時候,我首先遇見了我的新鄰居。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞It was開頭,后面連詞首選that,組成強調(diào)句型,但需要驗證,本句中去掉It was 和that,句意完整,所以確定是強調(diào)句型。11. Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to_(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.【參考答案】myself【解析】句意：緊張地面對挑戰(zhàn),我知道我將輕聲對自己說兩個簡單的字“做你自己”。本句的主語是I,當(dāng)賓語與主語是同一人稱時,賓語要用反身代詞。12. While they are rare north of 88,there is evidence_they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Can