八年級英語動詞不定式的用法

1、v1.0可編輯可修改八年級英語語法專題(II )動詞不定式的用法初中英語單位測試，中考英語語法辭匯，中考英語應(yīng)試技巧，中考英語模擬題，更多精美內(nèi)容盡在“尹氏歡愉 英語”中，歡迎大家登岸學(xué)習(xí)。動詞不定式是初中英語的語法重點之一，也是每年中考英語試題的考點之一。它是動詞的一種非謂語情勢，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能單獨作句子的謂語。其構(gòu)成情勢為to+動詞原形，to為動詞不定式的符號，本身無意義。動詞不定式具有兩大特點：1.具有動詞的特點，是以，后面可以跟表語、賓語或狀語，構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語。2.具岀名詞、形容詞或副詞的特點，可以在句子中用作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、狀語、 定語、表語及同位語等。根據(jù)新課

2、標(biāo)八年級要求介紹近幾年全國部分省市的中考英語試題為例，對不定式 的難點以及它在中考英語中的考查點，作一簡要的總結(jié)八年級英語下冊總結(jié)和分析，供同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)時參考。一、動詞不定式作主語1. Its our dutythe room every day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肅省)2. Its hard for usEnglish well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省)3. 建造這座立交橋?qū)⒒ㄙM工人們一年多的時間。It willthe workers over a year

3、the flyover.(BeiJing市海淀區(qū))4. Its very niceyou to get me two ticketsthe World Cup.A. for ， of B. of ， for C. to， for D. of， to(安徽省)Keys： 1. A 2. C 3. take ， to ， build 4. B簡析動詞不定式作主語時，可以直接放在謂語動詞前面的主語位置，也可以用先行詞it作情勢主語，而將真正的主語(不定式)置于后面。常見的句式有：(1)It is + 形容詞(of sb)to do sth. It is + 名詞(for sb)to do sth.(

4、3) It takes sb some time to do sth. It is + 形容詞(for sb)to do sth. 句式hard，difficult ，easy，important 等形(1)中常用 nice， kind，clever ，good，right ， wrong，foolish ，careless 等形容詞，與前置詞 of 搭配, 這些形容詞常表述不定式邏輯主語的屬性或性質(zhì)；句式中常用112v1.0可編輯可修改容詞，與前置詞for搭配，暗示不定式暗示的動作、舉動的性質(zhì)。注意：當(dāng)不定式作主語的句子中又有一個不定式作表語時，不能用It is to的句型（對）To see

5、 is to believe.百聞不比一見。（錯）It is to believe to see.Its for sb. 和 Its of sb.1） for sb.常用于暗示物質(zhì)的特征特點，暗示客觀情勢的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting,impossible 等:Its very hard for him to study two languages.對他來講學(xué)兩門外語是很難的2） of sb的句型一般用暗示人物的性格，道德，暗示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever,foolish, right 。Its v

6、ery nice of you to help me.你來幫助我，你真是八年級下冊英語語法太好了for與of的辨別要領(lǐng)：用前置詞后面的代詞作主語，用前置詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個句子。如果道理上通順用 of，欠亨則用for。如：You are nice.（ 通順，所以應(yīng)用 of）。He is hard.（ 人是困難的，欠亨，是以應(yīng)用for。）is right to stop killing wild animals.is the best time to visit USA in summer.is helpful for us to learn English well.二、動詞不定式作賓語

7、1. He wantssome vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys （山西?。?. Dont forgetyour homework with you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking （福建省）3. He found it very difficult.A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep （湖南?。㎏eys： 1. C 2. A 3. D簡析在 want，like ，agre

8、e，hope，wish , learn ，begin，start ，seem, decide，hate，choose，forget ，remember等動詞后面，可以接不定式作賓語。如果其后接形容詞補足語時，則可以用it作情勢賓語，而把作真正賓語的不定式放到后面223v1.0可編輯可修改Sb + V + it （情勢賓語）+ agj （形容詞）+to+ V （賓語）注意無 BE動詞3、動詞不定式作賓語補足語1. Robert often asks ushis Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to

9、 help him with C. to help with D. helps him with （江蘇?。?. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friendsChinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked （甘肅省）Key： 1. B 2. C簡析不定式可以用作賓語補足語。后面可以接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：ask, teach , expect ,tell , allow 等。四、動詞不定式作狀語1. She wenther teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. s

10、eeing （江西?。?. Meimei likes English very much. She does her bestEnglish well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns （川蜀）Key： 1. A 2. C簡析go, come, try , do / try ones best等動詞或短語動詞作謂語時，其后常?？梢越硬欢ㄊ阶髂康臓钫Z。3. Im sorrythat.A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear （河北?。┘质。?. Im sorryyou.A. trouble B. to tr

11、ouble C. troubling D. troubled （5. My mother was very gladher old friend.A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets （甘肅?。㎏eys： 3. D 4. B 5. A簡析be +形容詞+ to do sth布局中的不定式作狀語，常暗示原因或體式格局。6. The panda is so large that it cant go through the hole.（改為意思不異的句子 ）The holesuch a large panda to go through.（廣東?。?34v1.0可編

12、輯可修改7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldnt skate on it.(改為意思不異的句子 )The ice on the lake wasntenoughpeople.(廣 八年級下冊生物總結(jié)東省)Keys： 6. is ， too ， small ， for 7. thick ， for ， to ， skate ， on簡析在上述too +形容詞/副詞(for sb)to do(太而不能)和enough (for sb) to do(足以、足夠做)布局中，不定式作結(jié)果狀語。sosuchthat如此 乃至 的用法及與其

13、他句型的互換 .Sth +be V+ so + adjadv (aan+adj +n)+that + cantcouldnt如此 乃至.= 太而.不能B、 .so that to =in order to+V動詞that+從句. 為了 以便于=SbSth +be V+ too+adjadv(fo葉SbSth)+to+V444C .SbSth +be+ so + adj形容詞+ a an +n V +adv畐廿詞(so +littlemanymuch. such +aan+adj+n名形容詞+名詞)+that + canould=.SbSth +be V+adjadv +enough 足夠的 +

14、 to+V如此. 乃至于.=足夠干如：他太年輕了而不能去上課A. He is too young to go to school.B. He is so young that he can t go to schoolC. He is n t old enough to go to school.D. He is so a young boy that he can t go to school() 一、The water isdirtythe animals can t drink it.t ,enough to 謎底是 AA. too . to . that C. such ,that D

15、. n() 二、The computer costmuch moneyI can t afford to buy it.(謎底選項同1)謎底:B。因money前有much所以不能用 such3環(huán)境的污染如此嚴(yán)重，一些瀕危動物無法保存下去Environmentfor endrangered animals to live on.五、動詞不定式作定語1. Would you like somethingv1.0可編輯可修改A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks （湖北?。?. I have a lot of homework.A. do B. doin

16、g C. did D. to do （河南?。?. He is not an easy man.A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with （山東省）Key： 1. C 2. D 3. D簡析不定式作定語時，常放在被潤色的詞和詞組然后，與被潤色的詞和詞組為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系；如果不定式的動詞是不及物動詞，其后要加上必要的前置詞或副詞，構(gòu)成的短語動詞相當(dāng)于及物動詞。6、不帶to的動詞不定式1. We saw himthe building and go upstairs.A. to enter B. enter C. e

17、ntering D. entered （河南省）2. So much work usually makes themvery tired.A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel （吉林?。?. Your father is sleeping. Youd better.A. not wake up him B. not to wake up himC. not wake him up D. not to wake him up （陜西省）4. I was mademy homework in the afternoon.A. do B. doing C. t

18、o do D. did （貴州?。㎏ey： 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C簡析1.在see，watch，hear，feel等感官動詞和 make, have，let等使役動詞后面作賓語補足語的不定式不帶to.但是在被動語態(tài)中，作主語補八年級英語語法足語的不定式要帶to（let沒有被動語態(tài)）。2.在。had better+V/not +V 最好干。后面接不帶 to的不定式。七、動詞不定式的否認(rèn)情勢1. Mr Black asked the manthe queue.A. not to jump B. to not jump C. didnt jump D. not jump （廣西壯族自

19、治區(qū) ）2. The old man told the childnoisy.555v1.0可編輯可修改A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not （湖北?。?. There is going toan important meeting tomorrow. Please trylate.A. have , not to be B. have , not beC. be , not to be D. be , not be （ 內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)）Key： 1. A 2. B 3. C簡析動詞不定式的否認(rèn)情勢通常是在不定式符號to的前面加上not，如果

20、是不帶to的不定式就直接在動詞原形前面加上 not.八、某些動詞后面接不定式和接動詞-ing情勢的區(qū)別1. Please stopa rest if you feel tired.A. to have B. having C. have D. has （廣西壯族自治區(qū)）2. Why didnt you buy some bread on your way homeSorry, I forgotsome money with me.A. take B. taking C. to take D. took （湖北?。?. Lets have a rest, shall weNot now, I c

21、ant stopthe letters.A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write （湖北省）4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop（walk）.（用所給單詞的不錯情勢填空 ）（川蜀）Key： 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. walking簡析一些常見的動詞后面接不定式和接動詞的-ing情勢的區(qū)別如下:11 stop to do sth意為停止正在做的事情去做另一件事，”stop doing sth意為停止正在做的事11 :remember to do sth意為記住去做某事（事還未做），”rememb

22、er doingsth 意為記得做過某事（事已做）：go on to do sth 意為接著做某事（做完一事，接著做另一 事），” go on doing sth 意為繼續(xù)做某事（一事未做完接著往下做）：forget to do sth 意為 忘了做某事（事還未做），forget doing sth 意為忘了曾做過某事（事已做）。5. When I was walking in the street I saw a planeover my head.A. flies B. flying C. flew D. to fly （福建?。?. A woman saw itwhen she was

23、walking past.667v1.0可編輯可修改A. happen B. happens C. happening D. to happen （黑龍江?。㎏ey： 5. B 6. A簡析在see, hear, watch , feel等感官動詞后面可八年級下冊政治總結(jié)接不帶to的不定式，也可接 動詞的-ing情勢作賓語補足語，用不定式暗示動作的全歷程（動作已竣事），用動詞的-ing情勢暗示動作正 在進(jìn)行（動作尚未竣事）。九、動詞不定式的省略及其符號to的保留1. Would you like to go to the cinema with usYes,. What time are we

24、 going to meetA. I would B. I would like C. I like to D. Id like to (浙江省)2. Would you like to go for a picnic with us. What time are we going to meetA. No, I cant B. Yes, Im glad C. Yes, Id love to D. Id like (大連市)Keys： 1. D 2. C簡析在口語中，動詞不定式中的動詞或短語動詞在上下文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)時，第二個動詞不定式可以省略，但是to不成省略。這類用法常見于be glad to

25、 11 ，H would like (love) to ，” have to 等布局中10、另外注意1 )、帶雙賓語的及物動詞，如：give Sth. to Sb ,.send.to .bring.to take.可以作前置詞用+人/物/地點,to teach .to want .to. lend .to ,show .to .etc to見Module 10課本大部分帶雙賓語的動詞是接to +Sb （間接賓語），而cook /buy read Sth for + Sb （17 9 )Sb注意：V +Sth +prep +Sb =V +Sb +Sth（指人的間接賓語在直接賓語前，要省略前置詞 to ）E. g :Ple