電大網(wǎng)考英語-語法復(fù)習(xí)資料Word版

1、公共英語基礎(chǔ)接軌資料語法項(xiàng)目一、名詞 概念：(n.)表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的名稱。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange, Beijing, Tom等。英語可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)：英語可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。名詞單數(shù)可用a、an來修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，在元音發(fā)音開頭的單詞前用an，而不是a，表示“一個”。 1.復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成方法：(1)一般在復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加s，如：dog-dogs。(2)以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的名詞加es，如：watch-watches。(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加es，如：country-countries。請區(qū)別：如果是

2、元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，則只須加s。如：monkey-monkeys。 (4)以o結(jié)尾的名詞，只有potato(土豆)，tomato(西紅柿)加es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。(5)以f、fe結(jié)尾的名詞，變f、fe為v再加es，如：knife-knives。 2.單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的詞：sheep-sheep，fishfish，Chinese-Chinese，Japanese-Japanese 3.特殊變化的單詞有：(1) tooth-teeth，foot-feet(2) man-men，woman-women，policeman-policemen, Frenchman-Frenchmen 請區(qū)別：German(

3、德國人) Germans (3) child children 4.可用how many，many，a few，few，a lot of，lots of，some，any等來修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。英語不可數(shù)名詞：5.常見的不可數(shù)名詞有：water，rice，fish，meat等。應(yīng)特別記medicine, news, work, homework, housework, money, chalk, weather, cotton, wood. 6.不可數(shù)名詞無復(fù)數(shù)，作主語時?？闯蓡螖?shù)。如：Some bread _ over there. (be) 7.常用how much, much, a lit

4、tle, little, a lot of, some, any等來修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 名詞所有格的構(gòu)成方法：在名詞后加“ s”。如：Tom Toms譯為“的”，若遇上以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則在s后加“ ”即可。如：Teachers Day , two weeks holiday，而不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格，仍按慣例加s 。如：Childrens Day。 二、冠詞1.冠詞指不定冠詞a, an和定冠詞the。 2.不定冠詞an常用于元音發(fā)音開頭的詞前，如：an hour, an English car. 請區(qū)別：a useful machine。 3.指上文提到過的人或物，用定冠詞the 4.

5、在世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前用定冠詞the.如：the sun, the moon, the earth 5.定冠詞the用于序數(shù)詞前，表示方位的名詞和形容詞最高級前。如：the first, the best ,in the south 6.在復(fù)數(shù)姓氏前加the，表示一家人，?？闯蓮?fù)數(shù)。如：The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer. 7.在介詞短語中常用定冠詞the，如：in the box ,behind the chair 8.特別注意不能用定冠詞the的幾個方面：(1)在節(jié)日、星期、月份、季節(jié)、年等詞前不用冠詞。如

6、：in summer, in August 請區(qū)別：in the spring of 1945. (這里表示特指，故加the)(2)一日三餐和球類運(yùn)動名不用冠詞。如：have breakfast, play footballTheres _800-metre-long road behind _hospital. A. an, an B. a, a C. an, the D. a, the 三、介詞 1與形容詞搭配的詞組有：be afraid of（怕），be angry with（生某人的氣），be away from（不在某地），be different from（與不同），be good

7、 at（善于），be good/ bad for (對有益/有害)，be interested in（對感興趣），be late for（遲到），be/get ready for（為作好準(zhǔn)備） be sure of (對有把握) ，be worried about（為感到擔(dān)憂） 2介詞后常用人稱代詞賓格和動詞-ing形式 1) You must take good care of her. 2) Thank you for teaching us so well. 3幾組易混淆的介詞 A “在.之后” in + 一段時間（用于一般將來時） after + 一段時間（用于一般過去時） after

8、 + 一點(diǎn)時間（常用于一般將來時） 如：The baby stopped crying after half an hour. The baby will stop crying in half an hour. They will visit their teacher after Friday. B since +過去的一點(diǎn)時間（用于完成時態(tài)），如：I have been in Foshan for six months since July. 這兩者均用于現(xiàn)在完成時，具體在時態(tài)部分，我會繼續(xù)向同學(xué)們講解。 C be made of 用制成 , be made in “由某地制造”，be

9、made by somebody “由某人制成” D in, on, at表時間：in “在某月(季節(jié)、年)等” eg: in 1996, in January, in summer 固定詞組：in the morning, in a week, in a minute, in time, in the end on 用于指具體的某一天或?qū)Ｖ改骋惶焐衔?、下午或晚上?eg: on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16 at “用于具體時刻前和某些固定詞組中” 固定詞組：at seven, at the moment, at night, at l

10、ast, at first, at noon, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time 注意：在表示時間里，下列情況下一般不用介詞。詞組里有：next, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every, all 以及the day before yesterday和the day after tomorrow 前不用介詞 。 如:不能說 in tomorrow ,只能

11、說 tomorrow 在明天 E. except +賓格/doing something 除之外” （不包括本身） Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) =Only Lin Tao isnt at school today. F “用” 通過交通工具 by plane 用語言 in English，通過媒介 on /over the telephone, on /over the radio, on TV 用工具手段 with a pen, with ones hands G between “在和（兩者）之間” between

12、.and., between the two. among 在.之間(三者或三者以上) eg. Sue spent over two hours _ her homework yesterday evening. A.on B.with C.at D.over 四、形容詞 & 副詞形容詞的位置1作定語時放在名詞的前面。如：a black cat (一只黑貓)2作表語時放在連系動詞之后。如：The price is very high. (這個價(jià)格很高。)3修飾復(fù)合不定代詞something, somebody, anything時放在代詞之后。如：Something serious has h

13、appened to him.(他發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重的事故。)副詞：用來說明事情發(fā)生的時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等含義或說明其它形容詞或副詞程度的詞叫做副詞。4副詞的分類時間副詞頻度副詞地點(diǎn)/方位副詞程度副詞方式副詞疑問/連接副詞其他副詞today, tomorrow,once,here, there,very, too,well,how, where,also, yesterday, now,twice,everywhere,enough,hard,when, why,nor, neitherthen, early, late,always,anywhere, rather, quite,alone,w

14、hether, whatas, on, offsoon, just,usually,above, outside,so, much, just,fast,however, either,tonight, often,in, inside, out, a little, a bittogether,yes, no, not,already, yet, before,sometimes,back, up, down,nearly, only,suddenly,maybe,ago, later, sincenever,away, off, far,almost, hardly,-ly結(jié)尾的副詞cer

15、tainly,firstseldom,as long as 時間副詞：一般放在句首或句尾, 如：We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.(我們明天去參觀長城。) 頻度副詞：一般放在be動詞之后或者助動詞與主要動詞之間,但sometimes、often等還可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、three times等一般放在句尾。如：The workers usually have lunch at the factory.(工人們通常在廠里吃午飯。) 地點(diǎn)副詞：一般放在句尾,但here、there還可放在句首。He w

16、alked out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回。) 程度副詞：修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞時,放在動詞、形容詞或副詞之前。但注意,enough總是放在被修飾的形容詞或動詞的后面；only位置比較靈活,總是放在被修飾的詞的前面。如：It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵。)方式副詞：一般放在行為動之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或動詞之前。如：Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(突然

17、,在黑暗的山洞里,他看見了一絲亮光。)大多數(shù)的形容詞、副詞都有三個等級：原級；比較級：最高級。1.構(gòu)成：規(guī)則情況變化：單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞: 一般情況 加er, est，如：clever-cleverer-cleverest； 以字母e結(jié)尾 加r, st，如：nice-nicer-nicest； 重讀閉音節(jié)、末尾只有一個輔音字母時雙寫，加er, est，如：big-bigger-biggest；以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾變y為i加er, est，如：early-earlier-earliest； 部分雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞，在詞前加more, most，如：slowly-more slowly-most

18、slowly； 2.不規(guī)則變化須熟記：good/well-better-best， many/much-more-most，far-farther-farthest，bad / badly / ill-worse-worst，little-less-least； 3.常見的使用情況：as as 和.一樣（中間用原級），not as (so) as 和.不一樣（中間用原級）， than . .比.（用比較級） 4.有in, of, among范圍修飾的用最高級，如：(1) Winter is the coldest season of the year. (2) This is the best

19、 film that I have ever seen. 5.比較級+and+比較級 意為“越來越.eg: wetter and wetter more and more beautiful 6. The+比較級，the+比較級 越.就越.,如: The more, the better. 越多越好 注意點(diǎn)：1.形容詞最高級前一定要用the,副詞最高級前可省略。 2.可用much, a little, even, still等修飾比較級。 3.在比較級中為了避免重復(fù)，在than后常用one, that, those等詞來替代前面提到過的名詞。eg: The weather here is wa

20、rmer than that of Shanghai. 練習(xí)： 1. There isnt _ in todays newspaper. A. important something B. important anything C. anything important D. nothing important 2. The Changjiang River is the third _ river in the world. A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest 3. An elephant is _ than a horse. A. mor

21、e strong B. much stronger C. the most strong D. much more strong 4. Which do you like _, tea, orange or water? A. good B. well C. better D. best 五、代詞 1.人稱代詞：人稱代詞代替人和事物的名稱,分為主格和賓格兩種形式。第一人稱單數(shù)第二人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)第二人稱復(fù)數(shù)第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)陽性陰性中性主格I(我)you (你)he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我們)you(你們)they (他們,她們,它們)賓格me(我)you (你)him(

22、他)her(她)it(她)us(我們)you(你們)them (他們,她們,它們)主格用來作句子的主語、表語。如： I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去購物)賓格用來作及物動詞或者介詞的賓語。如：Who teaches you English this year?(今年誰教你們的英語？) / Help me! (救救我！)2. 物主代詞：說明事物所屬關(guān)系的代詞,分為形容詞性和名詞性兩種。第一人稱單數(shù)第二人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)第一人稱復(fù) 數(shù)第二人稱復(fù)數(shù)第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)陽性陰性中性形容詞性my(我的)your(你的)his(他的)her(她的)its(它的)our

23、(我們的)your(你們的)their (他們的,她們的,它們的)名詞性mine(我的)Yours(你的)his(他的)hers(她的)its(她的)ours(我們的)yours(你們的)theirs(他們的,她們的,它們的)形容詞性物主代詞只能作句子中名詞的修飾語,后面要跟名詞。如：Is that your umbrella? (那是你的傘嗎？) / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays. (我經(jīng)常在星期天去看望阿姨) / They are their books.(是他們的書)名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于名詞,既代替事物又表明所屬關(guān)系,在句子中往往獨(dú)立地作主語、

24、賓語或者表語,后面千萬不可以跟名詞。如：。This is your cup, but where is mine?(這是你的杯子,可我的在哪兒？) / Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你們的教室很大,我們的相當(dāng)小)練習(xí):A、根據(jù)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使句意通順，語法完整1Can you come with ? (we)2These skirts are . Yours are over there. (she)3Please take care of , boys and girls. (you)4I dont th

25、ink this is my book, though it looks like . (I) 5Look at books. Are they yours? (that) B、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換6、A: The children played happily in the zoo yesterday.B: The children in the zoo yesterday. 7、A: He doesnt like mutton, and she doesnt, either.B: he she likes mutton.8、A: All the American people dont like s

26、andwiches.B: the American people like sandwiches. 9、A: They dont often hear the twins sing the song in the school.B: of the twins often heard sing the song in the school. C、單項(xiàng)選擇10、-Can you speak Chinese, Peter?-Yes, but only .A. little B. few C. a little D. a few 11、-Do you like Janes new skirt?-Yes

27、, very much. Ill ask mum to buy for me.A. one B. it C. the other D. a 12、The color of her skirt is different from of mine.A. one B. that C. it D. this 13、Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running, some like swimming. like ball games.A. the others B. others C. the other D. other 14

28、、-Ill give the boys to eat.-Oh, I know, fish and chips.A. something English B. English something C. anything English D. English anything 15、-Shall I help you with the heavy box?-No, thanks, I can do it .A. me B. my C. mine D. myself16、-What time shall we meet this afternoon,3:00 or 4:00?-I dont mind

29、. time is OK.A. Neither B. Each C. Any D. Either 17、-My bag is full, what about ?- is full, too.A. you, Yours B. his, He C. yours, Mine D. hers, She 18、-Ive had enough bread, Would you like ?-No, thanks.A. a few more B. one more C. another more D. some more 19、There are many trees on sides of the ri

30、ver.A. both B. either C. neither D. each20、Without the sun, could grow in the world.A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything21、 of them is going to play basketball with you this afternoon.A. All B. Neither C. Some D. Both22、-Can you tell me what a panda looks like?-Look! This is a picture o

31、f .A. it B. one C. two D. some23、There are not many pears here, but you can take if you want to.A. few B. a few C. a little D. little六、動詞1.分類類別意義例句實(shí)義動詞含有實(shí)在的意義,表示動作或狀態(tài),在句子中能獨(dú)立作謂語。She has some bananas. 她吃些香蕉。They eat a lot of potatoes. 他們常吃土豆。Im reading an English book now.我現(xiàn)在正看一本英文書。連系動詞本身有一定的詞義,但不能獨(dú)

32、立作謂語,必須和表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。His father is a teacher.他父親是教師。Twins usually look the same.雙胞胎通?？雌饋硪粯印he teacher became very angry. 老師變得很生氣。助動詞本身沒有詞義,不能獨(dú)立作謂語,只能和主要動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞,用來表示否定、疑問、時態(tài)、語態(tài)或其它語法形式,助動詞有人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化。He doesnt speak English. 他不說英語。We are playing basketball. 我們在打籃球。Do you have a brother? 你有兄弟嗎？情態(tài)動詞本身

33、有一定的意義,不能獨(dú)立作謂語,只能和主要動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞,表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài)。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)的變化,有些情態(tài)動詞有過去式。You can keep the books for two weeks.這些書你可以借兩個星期。May I smoke here? 我可以在這兒抽煙嗎？We must go now. 我們現(xiàn)在得走了。 常見的連系動詞有：be、become、look、feel、sound、smell、taste、seem、turn、grow、get、go、fall、sit、stand、lie 等。 常見的助動詞有：用于進(jìn)行時和被動語態(tài)的be (am, is, are ,w

34、as, were, been, being ) ;用于完成時的have(has, had, having) ;用于將來時的shall (should) ; will (would)和用于一般時的do(does, did) . 常見的情態(tài)動詞有：can (could) ,may (might), must ,shall (should), will (would), dare (dared) , need等,另外,have to、had better也當(dāng)作情態(tài)動詞使用。情態(tài)動詞后面必須加動詞的原形。 2. 規(guī)則動詞變化表規(guī) 則變 化原形動詞結(jié)尾情況現(xiàn)在時單三人稱現(xiàn)在分詞過去式和過去分詞一般情況+

35、s+ing+eds, x, ch, sh, o結(jié)尾+es+ing+ed輔音字母+y結(jié)尾yi, +es+ingyi, +ed重讀閉音節(jié)：以一元音一輔音結(jié)尾+s雙寫輔音字母, +ing雙寫輔音字母, +ed不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾+s去掉e, +ing+die結(jié)尾+siey, +ing+d不規(guī)則變化have has；be is(無) (見不規(guī)則動詞變化表)3. 不規(guī)則動詞變化表：( 原形 過去式 過去分詞)be (am, is) 是wasbeenlose丟失lostlostbe (are) 是werebeenmake制作mademadebeat 打beatbeatenmay可能mightbecome成為 b

36、ecamebecomemean意思是meantmeantbegin 開始beganbegunmeet遇見metmetblow吹blewblownmistake搞錯mistookmistakenbreak打破brokebrokenmust必須mustbring帶來broughtbroughtpay付錢paidpaidbuild 建造builtbuiltput放putputbuy買boughtboughtread閱讀readReadcan能couldride騎roderiddencatch抓住caughtcaughtring鈴響rangrungchoose選擇chosechosenrise升起ro

37、serisencome 來camecomerun跑ranruncost花費(fèi)costcostsay說saidsaidcut切割cutcutsee看見sawseendig挖dugdugsell賣soldsolddo做diddonesend送sentsentdraw畫drewdrawnset設(shè)置setsetdrink喝drankdrunkshall應(yīng)該shoulddrive開車drovedrivenshine照耀shoneshoneeat吃ateeatenshow展示showedshownfall掉下fellfallenshut關(guān)shutshutfeel感覺feltfeltsing唱歌sangsun

38、gfind找到foundfoundsink下沉sank/sunksunk/sunkenfly飛翔flewflownsit坐setsetforget忘記forgotforgot/forgottensleep睡覺sleptsleptfreeze冷凍frozefrozensmell聞smeltsmeltget得到gotgotspeak說話spokespokengive給gavegivenspend花費(fèi)spentspentgo走wentgonespell拼讀speltspeltgrow成長grewgrownspoil寵壞spoiltspoilthang掛；上吊hung/hangedhung/hange

39、dstand站stoodstoodhave(has)有hadhadsweep打掃sweptswepthear聽到heardheardswim游泳swamswumhide藏hidhiddentake拿走tooktakenhit打，撞hithitteach教taughttaughthold拿heldheldtell告訴toldtoldhurt傷害hurthurtthink想thoughtthoughtkeep保持keptkeptthrow扔threwthrownknow知道knewknownunderstand理解understoodunderstoodlay擺放laidlaidwake睡醒wok

40、e/wakedwoken/wakedlearn學(xué)習(xí)learnt/learnedlearnt/learnedwear穿worewornleave離開leftleftwill會，將要wouldlend借出lentlentwin贏wonwonlet讓letletwrite寫wrotewrittenlie躺laylain4. be(“是/存在”)動詞的各種時態(tài)變化：一 般現(xiàn)在時一般將來時現(xiàn)在完成時I am.You are.He/She/It is.We/You/They are.(I等各人稱) will be.I am He/She/It is going to be We/You/They are

41、I have been.You have been.She/he/It has been.We/You/They have been.一般過去時過去將來時過去完成時I was.You were.He/She/It was.We/You/They were.(I等各人稱) would be.I was He/She/It was going to be We/You/They were I had been.You had been.She/he/It had been.We/You/They had been.注意：句型變化時,否定句在am /is /are /will /have /has

42、/was /were /had /would 后面加not,而且not都可以縮寫為nt (am后面not不可以縮寫)；疑問句將am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 提前到句首。5. 其它謂語動詞的時態(tài)變化一覽表：現(xiàn)在 時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時一般將來時現(xiàn)在完成時謂語動詞構(gòu)成動詞用原形(單三加s / es)(問句和否定句借用助詞do / does)amis +動詞-ingarewill + 動詞原形amis +going to+動詞原形arehave +過去分詞has過去 時態(tài)一般過去時過去進(jìn)行時過去將來時過去完成時謂語動詞構(gòu)成動

43、詞用過去式(問句和否定句借用助詞did)was +動詞-ingwerewould + 動詞原形was+going to+動詞原形werehad +過去分詞6. 六種時態(tài)的具體用法：(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時 表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),或說明主語的特征。一般現(xiàn)在時句子中常有的時間狀語：often, usually, sometimes, always, every (day等), once/twice, a (week等), on (Sunday等),never, in the (morning等)。如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.

44、(他們每年去一次故宮)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他們經(jīng)常在晚上商談生意)表示客觀真理、事實(shí)、人的技能或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)時句子里一般不用時間狀語。如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn))/ Light travels faster than sound.(光傳播比聲音快) 表示十分確定會發(fā)生(如安排好的事情)或按照時間表進(jìn)行的事情,用一般現(xiàn)在可以表達(dá)將來,句子中可以有將來時間。如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(開往漢口的列

45、車上午8點(diǎn)開車) 在時間狀語從句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引導(dǎo))和條件狀語從句中(以if, unless引導(dǎo)),用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時,句子可以有將來時間。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德國就給我打電話) / If it rains tomorrow, we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我們就只好呆在家)一般現(xiàn)在時常用于體育比賽的解說或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player ca

46、tches the ball and he keeps it. 人的心理活動和感官動作一般用一般現(xiàn)在時而不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表達(dá),常見動詞有：like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(認(rèn)為), understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see. 如：I think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在這兒)(2) 一般過去時 表示過去某時發(fā)生

47、的動作或狀態(tài),這種動作或狀態(tài)可能是一次性,也可能經(jīng)常發(fā)生。表示過去具體時刻發(fā)生的一次性動作時,時間狀語有：at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六點(diǎn)鐘起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.(小湯姆今天早上九點(diǎn)半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room, he saw a stranger talking with

48、 his father.(他走進(jìn)房間時發(fā)現(xiàn)一個陌生人正和他父親談話)表示過去一段時間內(nèi)不知何時發(fā)生的一次性動作時,時間狀語有：yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)。如：He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年來到我們市)表示過去一個階段中經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情時,時間狀語有：last, in, fromto, for (10 years), often, usually, sometimes, always, never等。如：Mr. Jackson usually went to evening schools wh

49、en he was young. / Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him. 講故事、對過去經(jīng)歷的回憶、雙方都明白的過去事件等一般用過去時,而且經(jīng)常省略時間狀語。如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西。)(3) 一般將來時 表示將來某一時刻或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。一般將來時的時間狀語有：tomorrow, this (afternoon),next (year),one day, now, soon, someday, sometime, in

50、the future, when引導(dǎo)的從句等。用will構(gòu)成的將來時,表示動作與人的主觀愿望無關(guān)?！皊hall”用于第一人稱,“will” 用于所有人稱。如：I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要從這所中學(xué)畢業(yè)了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一個人過了)“am/is/are going to+動詞原形”表示打算或準(zhǔn)備要做的事情,或者主觀判斷即將要發(fā)生的事情,而“am/is/are to +動詞原形”表示安排或計(jì)劃中的動作。如：A man told them that the woma

51、n was to give birth to the special baby.(有一個人告訴他們那個婦女就會生下那個特別的男孩)/ Its going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)表示一個人臨時決定要做某事,可以用will表達(dá)。如：I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化學(xué)藥劑). So please wait until I return.(我要到化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室去取些藥品,請等我回頭)shall和will 在口語的一些疑問句中相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動詞。Shall一般與第一人稱連用,will與第二人稱連用。如：Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我們下周六去動物園好嗎？)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把門打開好嗎？)(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作或是現(xiàn)階段正發(fā)生而此刻不一定在進(jìn)行的動作。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時由“助動詞be (am is are ) +現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的時間狀語有： now, this , these等, 但經(jīng)常不用。如：