英語(yǔ)專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文范文

1、 輔修專業(yè)學(xué)士學(xué)位畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）題目（中文）： 英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)中的比喻修辭 （英文）： the tropes in english proverbs 學(xué) 院 年級(jí)專業(yè) 學(xué)生姓名 學(xué) 號(hào) 指導(dǎo)教師 完 成 日 期 年 月the tropes in english proverbswritten bysupervised bya thesis submitted to shanghai normal universityin partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of bachelor of artsforeign languag

2、es college, shanghai normal universitydecember 2011acknowledgmentsi want to acknowledge the invaluable help of ms. shen, my constant consultant, who has made timely and useful suggestions on working out the outline, refining the earlier drafts and given me enlightening advice throughout the whole pr

3、ocess of writing the thesis. i especially appreciate her guidance and wish to extend my sincere gratitude to her.this work also owes much to my dear friends whose encouragement and great help inspires me to make further efforts when i encounter difficulties and was sometimes at loss. my heart-felt t

4、hanks are also due to my father and mother, who have been in constant favor of me and offered me the best they could.this thesis would not have been possible without the support and assistance that i received from them. my grateful thanks go to you all. abstractpeople all know english proverbs are c

5、harming. proverbs are widespread. they are simple but meaningful. they are vivid and humour, which they are the typical examples of aesthetic rhetoric and represents treasure of english language. they are the wisdom of english people. using rhetoric is an important reason why the english proverbs ar

6、e charming. among them, the tropes are the most common rhetoric. therefore, i analyze the tropes in english proverbs in this paper. tropes can be divided into simile, metaphor, analogy, allegory, metonymy and synecdoche. this article focuses on simile, metaphor and synecdoche.this paper is divided i

7、nto four chapters. they are introduction, literature review, analysis and conclusion. the first chapter introduces the tropes of english proverbs. the second chapter makes a simple introduction about the importance of the tropes in english proverbs. then this paper makes a brief analysis of the simi

8、le, metaphor and synecdoche in english proverbs. it includes their definition, structure and semantic effect. the article lists lots of examples to explain them. sometimes they are explained in chinese to make readers understand easily. the final chapter concludes the thesis.this article helps us un

9、derstand the meaning of the tropes in english proverb. if we can understand the semantic effect in english proverbs, we can comprehend and use these english proverbs better than before.key words: english proverbs; tropes; simile; metaphor; synecdoche摘要英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)具有永恒的魅力，英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)內(nèi)容十分廣泛，且具有言少意多、言淺意深、生動(dòng)形象、幽默風(fēng)趣、觀點(diǎn)

10、鮮明等特點(diǎn)，是美學(xué)修辭的典范，是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的瑰寶，是英語(yǔ)民族智慧的結(jié)晶。其中修辭格的廣泛運(yùn)用是其魅力的一個(gè)重要原因，比喻又是最常用的修辭手法。因此在本文中，我詳細(xì)介紹了英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)中比喻修辭的手法并分析。比喻可分為明喻、暗喻、借喻、諷喻、換喻和提喻。本文主要就比喻中的明喻、暗喻、提喻修辭進(jìn)行深入探討。本文共分四章。其中第一章對(duì)英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)的修辭手法做了簡(jiǎn)單介紹。第二章介紹了英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)以及修辭的背景。第三章分別對(duì)明喻、暗喻、提喻進(jìn)行分析，包括他們的定義，結(jié)構(gòu)以及引起的語(yǔ)義效果。文中列舉了大量例子來(lái)佐證這幾種比喻手法，并進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析，并在其中穿插了中文解釋，幫助我們更容易理解這些諺語(yǔ)的意義。最后，總結(jié)全文

11、，這篇文章幫助我們理解了英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)中比喻修辭手法的涵義，如果我們能理解這些修辭手法在諺語(yǔ)中引起的效果，那么我們也能更好的理解和應(yīng)用這些諺語(yǔ)。關(guān)鍵詞：英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)；比喻修辭格；明喻；暗喻；提喻contentsacknowledgments .iabstract . .ii摘要iii1. introduction.12. literature review.23. simile.23.1 the definition of simile.33.2 the basic format of simile.33.2.1 as style.33.2.2 like style43.2.3 what style.5

12、3.2.4 and style .53.3 the semantic effect of simile54. metaphor.74.1the definition of metaphor.74.2 the basic format of metaphor.84.2.1 conceptual metaphor.84.2.2 coalescent metaphor.84.2.3 implicative metaphor94.2.4 symbolic metaphor104.3 the semantic effect of metaphor.105. synecdoche.115.1 the de

13、finition of synecdoche115.2 the basic format of synecdoche.115.3 the semantic effect of synecdoche.126. conclusion .13bibliography .151.introductionwith regards to the ever lasting charm of the english proverbs, there are various reasons, the most important of which is the extensive use of english r

14、hetorical devices. the rhetorical background of the english proverbs concerns their sources and the tradition of western rhetorics. the purpose of the use of rhetoric such as antithesis, repetition, rhyme and analogy is to make the proverb spread widely.english proverb is a valuable property in brit

15、ish folklore. it embodies the peoples experience of life and struggle, which is the most vivid, harmonious and profound but simple and popular sentence. it is accumulated by hundreds of people from generation to generation.english proverbs are created by working people. it uses short, pithy linguist

16、ic forms to express. it often uses tropes, metonymy and contrast to describe the understanding of the laws of nature. english proverbs are the summary of social practice. therefore, english proverbs are concrete and vivid.the use of rhetoric is essential in english writing. with the rhetoric, we can

17、 express our thoughts and emotions better. english proverb is a stationary statement that widespread among the masses of people. it plays an important role in language. at the same time, the vocabulary of english proverb is often easy to understand but meaningful.in essence, most of the english prov

18、erbs contain tropes, which makes proverbs more specific, concise and euphemism. generally speaking, the application of tropes in english proverbs can make people understand and remember them more easily.tropes include metaphor, simile, synecdoche, allegory, metonymy, allegory etc. in some areas, the

19、 study of rhetorical is a complex and interesting subject. in this limited space, i would only discuss the applications of three kinds of tropes.2. literature reviewenglish proverbs come from the practice and they reflect the practice. they are charming and full of philosophy. they are popular with

20、people and pass down generation by generation. then why are english proverbs so charming? there are various kinds of reasons. the main reason i think is the extensive use of the rhetoric. those simple words can tell the reader a complicated principle. that is the benefit of the use of rhetoric.accor

21、ding to the modern view of rhetoric, it aimed at improving the semantic effect. rhetoric is divided into two parts. they are communicative rhetoric and aesthetic rhetoric. in communication rhetoric, we put the emphasis on the clear content, fluent sentence and strict structure. but in aesthetic rhet

22、oric, we often pay attention to its aesthetics. in aesthetic rhetoric, we can imagine the situation in our mind through its attractive words. proverb is a language form that all kinds of the language have. they are used almost everywhere. at the same time, proverb is a typical example of aesthetic r

23、hetoric. it is a treasure of the english language. it is the wisdom of the english people. because of the extensive using of rhetorical in english proverb, it is simple but vivid, pithy but meaningful. we can find many rhetorics in english proverbs. they show the beauty of the english proverbs.on th

24、e other hand, trope is the most important and common rhetoric. it is an important part in rhetoric. it is an outstanding symbol in english proverbs. in other words, no tropes, no proverbs.3. similesimile is the simplest and basic rhetoric. in order to depict the image of a person or something clearl

25、y, people often compare something or someone who has the same characteristics with other person or things. 3.1 the definition of similea dictionary of literary terms defined simile as：a figure of speech in which one thing is likened to anotherin such a way as to clarify and enhance an imageit is exp

26、licit comparison (as opposed to the metaphor where comparison is implicit) recognizable by the use of words like or as (craige 2002:36). the word like and as are called introductory word of the simile. the format of simile is the signified + the introductory word + the signifier. word like, as, as i

27、f, as though, as.as, as.so, similar to, to bear a re-semblance to are common introductory word. the definition of simile in the word net english-english dictionary is a figure of speech that expresses a resemblance between things of different kinds (usually formed with like or as).according to this

28、authority and broad definition of simile, it is a rhetoric which manifest one thing like the other thing. in a common way, the signified has the same characteristics with the signifier. there are lots of common introductory words like as, seem, as if, as though, such as and so on. the basic format o

29、f simile is a is like b or a is as . as b. it also has other forms: virtual style, that style, than style, the verb style and and style. simile is usually used in advertisement and technology description text because it shows the similar between one thing and the other thing. reader can understand t

30、he description of the object and spirit easily. among them, the signified is the object to be described, while the signifier is the object which is familiar to people.3.2the basic format of simile3.2.1 as stylethere are two forms. one is the word aswhich is placed after the word be to act as predica

31、tive. such as: an honest mans word is as good as his bond.(誠(chéng)實(shí)人的諾言, 如同他立下的契約一樣可靠). another is the word as which is placed after the action verb to act as adverbial. for example: children pick up words as pigeon peas, and utter them as god shall please (小孩學(xué)舌如鸚鵡, 再次說(shuō)出無(wú)口誤), he bides as fast as a cat bou

32、nd to a saucer (守候得牢靠就像守候食碟的貓). sentence which is guided with the word as is relatively rare in english proverbs. however, phrases which are guided with word as can be found everywhere. such as: as busy as a bee, as deep as the sea, as fine as sand, as gentle as a breeze, as healthy as an ox, as hun

33、gry as a wolf , as light as a cloud, as pure as spring water, as regular as the clock, as white as snow, as wild as a tiger.as we can see from these examples, in these phrases, the word as is followed by adjective which describe the characteristics of something to guide the simile. 3.2.2 like styles

34、imile guided by the word like can either be placed after the copula or after the action verb. when it comes to the sentence, it is placed after action verbs to serve as predicative. for example: living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.(無(wú)目標(biāo)的生活,就象無(wú)羅盤(pán)的航行); a man without religion is like

35、 a horse without a bridle.(沒(méi)有信仰的人就像沒(méi)有韁繩的馬);a man of words and not of deeds is like a garden full of weeds. (只說(shuō)不做的人,猶如光長(zhǎng)野草的花園). a face without a smile is like a lantern without a light (沒(méi)有笑容的臉蛋猶如沒(méi)有亮光的燈籠); a broken heart is like broken china: we can mend it , but we can never erase the scars(破碎的心好比破碎的

36、瓷器: 我們可以修補(bǔ)它, 但永遠(yuǎn)也不可能消除其傷痕); and so on.in the saying, only a few simile which is guided by the word like is placed after action verb to act as adverbial modifier. such as: a merry heart does good like a medicine (保持快樂(lè)的心情就像藥物一樣有益); they agree like two cats in a gutter. (像溝里的兩只貓一樣情投意合).on the other han

37、d, english is replete with phrases including words like. such as: to drink like a fish, to eat like a horse, to fly like a bird, to shine like gold, to sing like a lark, to sleep like a log, to swim like a duck, to twinkle like a star, to work like a horse and so on. in these phrases, the simile gui

38、ded by the word like is placed after action verb to serve as adverbial modifiers. at this time, the characteristic of the verb is described vividly by using something we are familiar with.3.2.3 what stylethere are two common styles: a is to b what c is to d and what c is to d, a is to b. for example

39、: reading is to the mind, what exercise is to the body(讀書(shū)對(duì)身心之重,恰如運(yùn)動(dòng)之于身體). intellect is to the mind what sight is to the body (智力對(duì)思想猶如視力對(duì)于身體一樣重要).the word what also can be put at the beginning of the sentence instead of the end of sentence. they are usually used to tell the importance between two thi

40、ngs. for example: what the blue print is to the builder, the outline is to the writer (提綱對(duì)于作家猶如藍(lán)圖對(duì)于建筑師一樣重要). what salt is to food, that wit and humor are to conversation and literature (妙語(yǔ)與幽默之于會(huì)話與文學(xué),恰似鹽對(duì)于食物一樣).the above two examples is the second style. the word that connects main clause and subordi

41、nate clause. but usually word thatcan be omitted.3.2.4 and styleit is a special kind of simile structure, which is common in english proverbs. this particular simile compares two collocation elements which are before and after the word and. but word and in this situation can not be understood as tog

42、ether, it means like here. for example: love and cough cannot be hid. it means love is like cough that they could not be escaped from the eyes and ears. in chinese, it means 戀愛(ài)如同咳嗽，難逃人耳目. for another example: truth and rose have thorns about them.(真理象玫瑰那樣多刺). books and friends should be few but good

43、.(讀書(shū)如交友，應(yīng)求少而精)3.3 the semantic effect of simileall in all, the objects shapes, movements and states can be described vividly in a clear way by using simile.the introductory word in the simile likes a bridge, which links the signified and the signifier closely. people can imagine two things through t

44、he introductory words.for example: ill-gotten wealth is like a palace built on the sand.in this sentence, ill-gotten wealth is the signified, while a palace built on the sand is the signifier. the two things were connected with each other with the word like so that people associated the ill-gotten w

45、ealth with the palace build on the sand which is familiar to people. the proverb warns people that we must make money through hard work, or we will worry everyday when we use them. also it warns that we cannot make money by foul means even though we face difficulties. the proverb chinese meaning is

46、財(cái)富來(lái)得不正當(dāng),猶如宮殿建沙上.people may know:beauty, unaccompanied by virtue, is as a flower without perfume.beauty is a forever topic, we can say that everybody loves beauty. however, how can we understand the beauty correctly? how can we treat the beauty in and out correctly? we must put the emphasis not only

47、on the appearance but also on their virtue. this proverb shows beauty, unaccompanied by virtue as a flower without perfume. it illustrates such a philosophy: people always praise the beauty. but they praise not only for the pretty appearance but also for pretty heart. proverbs also touched a deeper

48、problems that lots of people aspire to the outer so that they ignore the external things in real life. in essence, beauty is pure but skin-deep and short lived. only the beauty with inner virtue is forever.another example: reading is to the mind, what exercise is to the body.the main features of thi

49、s kind of structure is its direct meaning, clear and symmetrical structure, antithesis neat and beautiful sentence patterns. this style of simile is often used to reveal the deeper or abstract meaning so that people can be impressed by these deep significance. what the proverb want to tell us is the

50、 importance of reading to the mind. now it is expressed by the simple and obvious relationship between the body and exercise. it makes people understand easily.enough is as good as feast.living in this society, we have lots of demands for material and spirit. proper desire can encourage one to make

51、bigger progress, but endless desire often can ruin him. proverb uses the structure that as +adjective +as to link the enoughand feast to illustrate the meaning that true happiness is in a contented mind.4. metaphormetaphor is one kind of the tropes. according to the common features between two thing

52、s, the reader must understand the meaning by himself instead of getting it directly. there are many examples in english proverbs.4.1 the definition of metaphormetaphor means a comparison made between two things that are alike in certain aspect, but it is suggested rather than explicitly stated witho

53、ut using the word like or as (呂雯 2006: 132)we may summarize the definitions of metaphor as following: in the websters version, metaphor is seen as a figure of speech; secondly, metaphor is the substitution of one word by another; thirdly, metaphor involves similarity between objects or concepts; fin

54、ally, metaphor is regarded as a special case of simile(陳明 2003: 5).metaphor, is an implicit comparison. it is different from the simile. there is no introductory word between the signified and the signifier. the structure of the metaphor is the signified is the the signifier.metaphor illustrates the

55、 objects more vividly and deeply than the simile. its expression is more strong than the simile. metaphors often do not use the introductory word. usually it implies more meaning than the simile and it describe the image more obviously.when two things have the similar characteristics, we often use the word is to link the two things with each other, that is a is b. the relationship between the signified and the signifier is direct and close. it is common in english proverbs. because of the omission of the introductory