電大橋梁工程考試試題A卷(含答案)小抄

1、專業(yè)好文檔命題方式： 單獨命題 佛山科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院 2010 2011 學(xué)年第 二 學(xué)期橋梁工程課程期 末 考試試題(a卷) 專業(yè)、班級： 姓名： 學(xué)號： 題 號一二三總成績得 分一 選擇填空 (每題2分，共30分)1、裝配式梁橋的優(yōu)點之一是（ c）a、整體性好；b、可節(jié)省鋼筋和混凝土用量；c、上部結(jié)構(gòu)與下部結(jié)構(gòu)能同時施工；d、相鄰構(gòu)件間鉸接，便于轉(zhuǎn)動2.對裝配式簡支t形梁橋，在保證各主梁的整體性方面起主要作用的是(a)。 a.橫隔梁b.聯(lián)結(jié)翼緣板c.橋面鋪裝d.施加橫橋向預(yù)應(yīng)力3.按照拱上結(jié)構(gòu)的形式，可將拱橋分為_拱橋和_拱橋。( b) a.圓弧、拋物線b.實腹式、空腹式 c.石、鋼筋混凝土d

2、.板、肋4對于連續(xù)梁橋，為使全梁的縱向變形分散在梁的兩端，宜將固定支座設(shè)置在靠近( b )的支點處。 a.左邊b.中間c.靠邊d.標(biāo)高較低的一端5按照不同的靜力圖式，主拱圈可做成_、_和_。（c ）a.圓弧、拋物線、懸鏈線 b.圬工、鋼筋混凝土、鋼c.三鉸拱、無鉸拱、二鉸拱 d.板、肋、箱形6單孔跨徑ld150m的橋梁屬于。（d）a、小橋b、中橋c、大橋d、特殊大橋7橋梁兩個橋臺側(cè)墻或八字墻后端點之間的距離稱為（c） a.橋梁跨度 b.橋梁總長 c.橋梁全長 d.橋梁標(biāo)準(zhǔn)跨徑8以下適合于懸臂澆注施工的橋是（c）a空心板橋b剛架橋c連續(xù)剛構(gòu)橋d拱橋9橋梁按照結(jié)構(gòu)的受力體系分，哪種橋型是以受彎力為

3、主（ a ）a梁橋 b拱橋c懸索橋d剛架橋共 5 頁第 1 頁10.橋梁一般由以下哪幾部分組成？（ b ）a上部結(jié)構(gòu)、下部結(jié)構(gòu)、照明設(shè)備、支座b上部結(jié)構(gòu)、下部結(jié)構(gòu)、支座、附屬結(jié)構(gòu)c梁、墩、臺、錐坡 d上部結(jié)構(gòu)、下部結(jié)構(gòu)、墊石、附屬結(jié)構(gòu)11.公路橋梁中用鉸接法來計算荷載橫向分布系數(shù)時，是以下述何種內(nèi)力為依據(jù)？( c ) a.鉸接板的跨中彎矩b.鉸接板的支點反力 c.鉸接板的鉸間剪力d.鉸接板的跨中撓度12.梁式橋的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)跨徑是指（c）a.相鄰兩個橋墩(臺)之間的凈距 b.相鄰兩個支座中心之間的距離c.相鄰兩個橋墩中線之間的距離 d.梁的長度13以下適合于懸臂澆注施工的橋是（c）a空心板橋 b剛架橋

4、 c連續(xù)剛構(gòu)橋 d拱橋14.用剛性橫梁法計算出的某梁荷載橫向分布影響線的形狀是（a） a.一根直線 b.一根折線 c.一根曲線 d.一根拋物線15橋梁設(shè)計時主梁配筋多少及布置位置最主要依據(jù)是（ c ）a跨中截面的最不利內(nèi)力組合 b.各截面的基本組合內(nèi)力c.截面的內(nèi)力包絡(luò)圖 d.截面的束界16.橋梁的_反映了其泄洪能力。（ d ）a.計算跨徑 b.總跨徑 c.橋梁高度 d.凈跨徑17.對于連續(xù)梁橋，為使全梁的縱向變形分散在梁的兩端，宜將固定支座設(shè)置在靠近( b )的支點處。 a.左邊b.中間c.靠邊d.標(biāo)高較低的一端18.對裝配式簡支t形梁橋，在保證各主梁的整體性方面起主要作用的是(a)。 a.

5、橫隔梁b.聯(lián)結(jié)翼緣板c.橋面鋪裝d.施加橫橋向預(yù)應(yīng)力19、裝配式梁橋的優(yōu)點之一是（ c）a、整體性好；b、可節(jié)省鋼筋和混凝土用量；c、上部結(jié)構(gòu)與下部結(jié)構(gòu)能同時施工；d、相鄰構(gòu)件間鉸接，便于轉(zhuǎn)動20.對于簡支梁橋，其凈跨徑、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)跨徑和計算跨徑之間的關(guān)系是( b )a.凈跨徑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)跨徑計算跨徑 b.凈跨徑計算跨徑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)跨徑 c.計算跨徑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)跨徑凈跨徑 d.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)跨徑凈跨徑計算跨徑共 5 頁第 2 頁二 簡答題 （每題5分 共40分）1試述橋梁建筑的發(fā)展趨勢。答： 1)從設(shè)計理論與方法，各種橋型結(jié)構(gòu)都在向大跨徑發(fā)展。2）材料開發(fā)與應(yīng)用，橋梁建筑材料向高強、輕質(zhì)新型材料發(fā)展。3）施工技術(shù)與工藝。中小跨度橋梁

6、主要向標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工廠預(yù)制、現(xiàn)場安裝方向發(fā)展，而且大型吊裝設(shè)備的采用越來越廣泛。4）美學(xué)與環(huán)境保護，更重視橋梁美學(xué)和景觀設(shè)計。2一座大橋的設(shè)計工作一般分哪幾個階段？其中第一階段又分哪兩個階段？答：一座大橋的設(shè)計工作，應(yīng)包括橋梁規(guī)劃設(shè)計、初步設(shè)計、技術(shù)設(shè)計和施工圖設(shè)計四個階段。橋梁規(guī)劃設(shè)計是橋梁初步設(shè)計之前的計劃階段，一般分為“預(yù)可”和“工可”階段。3伸縮縫的伸縮量計算要考慮哪幾個因素？答：橋規(guī)中對伸縮量的計算要考慮升溫降溫的影響、混凝土收縮、混凝土徐變以及制動力的影響。4簡述柔性墩的工作特點。答：可以通過一些構(gòu)造措施，將上部結(jié)構(gòu)傳來的水平力（包括制動力、溫度影響力等）傳遞到全橋的各個柔性墩臺，或相鄰

7、的剛性墩臺上，以減少單個柔性墩所受水平力，從而達(dá)到減小樁墩截面的目的。 5畫圖表示荷載橫向分系數(shù)沿橋跨方向的變化規(guī)律。答： 6 簡述蓋梁的設(shè)計計算內(nèi)容為：（1）永久作用及其內(nèi)力計算；（2）可變作用及其內(nèi)力計算；（3）施工吊裝荷載及其內(nèi)力計算；（4）效應(yīng)組合及內(nèi)力包絡(luò)圖；（5）配筋計算。7對于不等跨拱橋采用不同的拱腳標(biāo)高來改善橋墩、基礎(chǔ)的受力狀況時，應(yīng)降低大跨徑孔的拱腳標(biāo)高還是小跨徑孔的拱腳標(biāo)高？為什么？答：應(yīng)降低大跨徑孔的拱腳，因為大跨徑的矢跨比大，拱腳降低，減小了拱腳水平推力對基底的力臂，這樣可以使大跨與小跨的恒載水平推力對基底所產(chǎn)生的彎矩得到平衡。共 5 頁第 3 頁8梁式橋墩計算一般考慮

8、哪些最不利作用效應(yīng)組合？答：根據(jù)不同的驗算內(nèi)容選擇可能出現(xiàn)的各種作用進(jìn)行最不作用效應(yīng)組合：（1）使橋墩各截面產(chǎn)生最大豎向力的效應(yīng)組合。（2）使橋墩各截面在順橋方向上產(chǎn)生最大偏心和最大彎矩的效應(yīng)組合。（3）使橋墩各截面在橫橋方向產(chǎn)生最大偏心和最大彎矩的效應(yīng)組合。三 計算題 （共40分）1計算跨徑 l=19.50m 的橋梁橫截面如圖所示，試求荷載位于跨中時l號邊梁的荷載橫向分布系數(shù)（車輛荷載，公路ii級）。此橋在跨度內(nèi)設(shè)有橫隔梁，具有強大的橫向連結(jié)剛性，且承重結(jié)構(gòu)的長寬比為，。各根主梁的橫截面均相等，梁數(shù)n5，梁間距為1.60m；l號梁橫向影響線的豎標(biāo)值為：繪制1號梁橫向影響線，確定汽車荷載的最不

9、利位置共 5頁第 4 頁=0.5382五梁式鋼筋混凝土簡支梁，計算跨徑為19.5m。按“g-m法”計算邊梁的跨中荷載橫向分布系數(shù)為：車道荷載：，按“杠桿法”計算邊梁的支點荷載橫向分布系數(shù)為：。，。試計算邊梁在公路-ii級車道荷載的跨中彎矩和剪力。計算剪力時，共 5頁第 5 頁winger tuivasa-sheck, who scored two tries in the kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over england, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while slater has been nam

10、ed at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against usa.both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but australia have not conceded a try since josh charnleys effort in their first pool match against england on the opening day.aussie winger jarryd hayne is the

11、competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by tuivasa-sheck with eight.but it is recently named rugby league international federation player of the year sonny bill williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.the kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has t

12、he chance of becoming the first player to win the world cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the all blacks in 2011.id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said williams.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, t

13、he head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt

14、 and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into

15、the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska. baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted.the supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda.the weather plays an

16、 important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day

17、weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of

18、 turbulence.the balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.they blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the kiwis in

19、 manchester.five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by englands josh charnley in the opening game of the tournament.that could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but i have been impressed by the kangaroos focus in their games since then.they have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. theyve been great at all the unglamoro