基于PLC電梯控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)踐畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯

1、英文原文 2008 workshop on power electronics and intelligent transportation system design and practice of an elevator control system based on plc xiaoling yang1,2,qunxiong zhu1,hong xu1 1 college of information science &technology, beijing university of chemical technology, beijing 100029, china 2 automa

2、tion college of beijing union university,beijing,100101, china yxl_lmy , zhuqx, abstract this paper describes the development of 2 nine-storey elevators control system for a residential building. the control system adopts plc as controller, and uses a parallel connection dispatching rule based on mi

3、nimum waiting time to run 2 elevators in parallel mode. the paper gives the basic structure, control principle and realization method of the plc control system in detail. it also presents the ladder diagram of the key aspects of the system. the system has simple peripheral circuit and the operation

4、result showed that it enhanced the reliability and performance of the elevators. 1. 1ntroduction with the development of architecture technology, the building is taller and taller and elevators become important vertical transportation vehicles in high-rise buildings. they are responsible to transpor

5、t passengers, living, working or visiting in the building, comfortable and efficiently to their destinations. so the elevator control system is essential in the smooth and safe operation of each elevator. it tells the elevator in what order to stop at floors, when to open or close the door and if th

6、ere is a safety-critical issue.the traditional electrical control system of elevators is a relay-controlled system. it has the disadvantages such as complicated circuits, high fault ratio and poor dependability; and greatly affects the elevators running quality. therefore, entrusted by an enterprise

7、, we have improved electrical control system of a relay-controlled elevator in a residential building by using plc. the result showed that the reformed system is reliable in operation and easy for maintenance. this paper introduces the basic structure, control principle and realization method of the

8、 elevator plc control system in detail. 2. system structure the purpose of the elevator control system is to manage movement of an elevator in response to users requests. it is mainly composed of 2 parts: 2.1. electric power driving system the electric power driving system includes: the elevator car

9、, the traction motor, door motor, brake mechanism and relevant switch circuits. here we adopted a new type of lc series ac contactors to replace the old ones, and used plcs contacts to substitute the plenty of intermediate relays. the circuits of traction motor are reserved. thus the original contro

10、l cabinets disadvantages, such as big volume and high noise are overcome efficiently. 2.2. signal control system the elevators control signals are mostly realized by plc. the input signals are: operation modes, operation control signals, car-calls, hall-calls, safety/protect signals, door open/close

11、 signal and leveling signal, etc. all control functions of the elevator system are realized by plc program, such as registration, display and elimination of hall-calls or car-calls, position judgment of elevator car, choose layer and direction selection of the elevator, etc. the plc signal control s

12、ystem diagram of elevator is showed in figure 1. 2.3. requirements the goal of the development of the control system is to control 2 elevators in a 9-storey residential building. for each elevator, there is a sensor located at every floor. we can use these sensors to locate the current position of t

13、he elevator car. the elevator car door can be opened and closed by a door motor. there are 2 sensors on the door that can inform the control system about the doors position. there is another sensor on the door can detect objects when the door is closing. the elevator cars up or down movement is cont

14、rolled by a traction motor. every floor, except the first and the top floor, has a pair of direction lamps indicating that the elevator is moving up or down. every floor, has a seven segment led to display the current location of the elevator car. the first step for the development of the elevator c

15、ontrol is to define the basic requirements. informally, the elevators behavior is defined as follows. (1) running with a single elevator generally, an elevator has three operation states: normal mode, fire-protection mode and maintenance mode. the maintenance mode has the highest priority. only the

16、maintenance mode is canceled can the other operation modes be implemented. the next is fire-protection mode, the elevator must return to the bottom floor or base station immediately when the fire switch acts. the elevator should turn to normal operation mode when the fire switch is reset. under norm

17、al operation mode, the control systems basic task is to command each elevator to move up or down, to stop or start and to open and close the door. but is has some constraints as follows: each elevator has a set of 9 buttons on the car control panel, one for each floor. these buttons illuminate when

18、they are pressed and cause the elevator to visit the corresponding floor. the illumination is canceled when the corresponding floor is visited by the elevator. each floor, except the first and the top floor, has two buttons on the floor control panel, one to request an up- elevator, one to request a

19、 down-elevator. these buttons illuminate when they are pressed. the illumination is canceled when an elevator visits the floor, then moves in the desired direction. the buttons on the car control panel or the floor control panel are used to control the elevators motion. the elevator cannot pass a fl

20、oor if a passenger wants to get off there. the elevator cannot stop at a floor unless someone wants to get off there. the elevator cannot change direction until it has served all onboard passengers traveling in the current direction, and a hall call cannot be served by a car going in the reverse dir

21、ection. if an elevator has no requests, it remains at its current floor with its doors closed. (2) parallel running with two elevators in this situation, there are two elevators to serve the building simultaneously. it runs at 7am to 9am and 5pm to 7pm every day.when an elevator reaches a level, it

22、will test if the stop is required or not. it will stop at this level when the stop is required. at the same time, to balance the number of stops, the operation of two elevators will follow a certain dispatching principle. an elevator doesnt stop at a floor if another car is already stopping cooperat

23、ion of its electric power driving system and logic control system. 3. software design due to the random nature of call time, call locations and the destination of passengers, the elevator control system is a typical real-time, random logic control system. here we adopted collective selective control

24、 method with siemens plc s7-200 cpu226 and its extension modules. there are 46 input points and 46 output points in the system. the i/o points are showed in tablei and table 2. about software designing, we adopt the modularized method to write ladder diagram programs. the information transmission be

25、tween modules is achieved by intermediate register bit of plc.the whole program is mainly composed of i0 modules: hall-call registration and display module, car-call registration and display module, the signal combination module, the hall-call cancel module, the elevator-location display module, the

26、floor selection module, the moving direction control module, the door open/close module, the maintenance operation module and the dispatching module under parallel running mode. the design of the typical modules is described as follows: 3.1. hall-call registration and display there are two kinds of

27、calls in an elevator: hall-call and car-call. when someone presses a button on the floor control panel, the signal will be registered and the corresponding lamp will illuminate. this is called hall-call registration. when a passenger presses a button in the elevator car, the signal will be registere

28、d and with the corresponding lamp illuminated. this is called car-call registration. figure2 shows the ladder diagram of up hall-calls registration and display. the self-lock principle is used to guarantee the calls continuous display.3.2. the collective selection of the calls here the collective se

29、lection control rules are used. as showed in figure3, m5.i-m5.7, m6.0 and m6.i are auxiliary relays in plc. they denote the stopping request signal of ist to 9th floor respectively. the auxiliary relay m6.2 denotes the elevator drivers operation signal. when there is a call in a certain floor, the s

30、topping signal of corresponding floor will output. when the elevator is operated by the driver,the hall-calls will not be served. and the elevator cannot pass a floor at which a passenger wishes to alight. 3.3. the cancellation of the calls the program of this module can make the elevator response t

31、he hall-calls which have the same direction as the cars current direction, and when a hall-call is served,its registration will be canceled. the ladder diagram of up hall-callscancellation is showed in figure4. figure3 the combination of the calls figure4 the canclellation of up calls in figure4, th

32、e auxiliary relay m4.0 is the up moving flag of the elevator. when the current direction of the elevator is up, m4.0s contacts are closed; on the contrary, when the current direction of the elevator is down, m4.0s contacts are opened. m0.i to m0.7 denotes the car-calls stopping request signal of flo

33、or 2 to floor 8 respectively. this program has two functions: (1) make the elevator response the normal down hall-calls when it is moving down, and when a down hall-call is served, its registration is canceled. (2) when the elevator is moving up, the corresponding floors down hall-call it passing by

34、 is not served and the registration is remained. the cancellation of down hall-calls is reversed with up hall-calls. 3.4. elevators direction the elevator may be moving up or down, depending on the combination of hall-calls and car-calls. the following ladder diagram in fig.5 illustrates that the el

35、evator will move up. figure5 shows that when the calls corresponding floor is higher than the elevators current location, the elevator will go up. here the auxiliary relay m4.0 is used as the up-moving flag. when the elevator is moving up, the up-moving lamp is illuminated, so the m4.0 is connected

36、on. when the elevator arrives the top floor, the up-moving lamp is off and the timer starts. after 0.2s, the m4.0 is disconnected, the up-moving display is off. here we used m4.0 to replace q3.i which can ensure the cancellations reliability. 3.5. elevators floor-stopping figure6 shows the ladder di

37、agram of the elevators floor-stopping function. as showed in figure6, m6.4 is the flag of floor-stopping signal. m6.6 is the floor-stopping signal sent by the driver. m7.0 is the fire signal sent by the fire switch. and m6.7 is the forced speed changing signal. when either of these contacts act, the

38、 system should send out the floor-stopping signal. 3.6. minimum waiting time algorithm in traffic of elevator systems, there are two types of control task usually. the one is the basic control function to command each elevator to move up or down, to stop or start and to open and close the door. the

39、other is the control of a group of elevators. the main requirements of a group control system in serving both, car and hall calls, should be: to provide even service to every floor in a building; to minimize the time spent by passengers waiting for service; to minimize the time spent by passengers t

40、o move from one floor to another; to serve as many passengers as possible in a given timei. there are many dispatching algorithms for elevators group control. such as nearest-neighbor algorithm2,which the elevator always serve the closet request next; zoning algorithm3 which by analyzing the traffic

41、 of elevator system with unequal floor and population demand to dispatch the elevator; and odd-even rule, which an elevator only serves the odd floor and the other only serves the even floor. the nearest-neighbor algorithm minimizes the length of the elevators empty move to the next request. it usua

42、lly has very small average waiting times, but individual waiting times can become quite large2. the zoning algorithm usually used in buildings which has heavy traffic situations, such as the office building at lunch time. compared to the office building and shopping mall, the traffic flow of residen

43、tial buildings is relatively low and even in every floor. secondly, people usually think of elevators as purely functional objects and the experience of riding an elevator is time waited for most of them.furthermore, there exist immense problems when attempting to satisfy all requirements.considerin

44、g all of the reasons above, we adopted the “minimum waiting time” algorithm to realize the 2 elevators parallel running4. 5. conclusions in this paper, we have improved an old elevator control system by using plc, and realized the group control of 2 elevators. the new control system has been operate

45、d for 1 year, and its operation scenarios are as follows: (1) downpeak this traffic condition concerns people out of the building in the morning between 7am to 9am. (2) uppeak this condition concerns people entering the building between 5pm to 7pm. (3) other it covers the day from 6:00 to 0:00 excep

46、t the two situations above. and in this situation, there is only one elevator running. the results are expressed via an average waiting time and maximum waiting time(both given in seconds) are collected in tables 3 and 4. due to the nonparallel running before the reform, so the average waiting time

47、and maximum waiting time of downpeak and the uppeak are very longer than the reformed. the practice results have showed the better performance of the improved control system. references 1 ricardo gudwin, fernando gomide, marcio (i998). “a fuzzy elevator group controller with linear context adaptatio

48、n”. ieee world congress on computational intelligence . vol. 12, no. 5, pp.481-486. 2 philipp friese, jorg rambau (2006). “online-optimization of multi-elevator transport systems with reoptimization algorithms based on set-partitioning models”. discrete applied mathematics .no. 154, pp.1908-1931. 3

49、zheng yanjun, zhang huiqiao, ye qingtai, zhu changming. (2001). “the research on elevator dynamic zoning algorithm and its genetic evolution”. computer engineering and applications, no. 22, pp.58-61. 4 xiaodong zhu, qingshan zeng (2006). “a elevator group control algorithm for minimum waiting time b

50、ased on plc”. journal of hoisting and conveying machiner, no. 6, pp.38-40 英語(yǔ)翻譯2008年電力電子技術(shù)和智能交通系統(tǒng)研討基于plc電梯控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)踐xiaoling yang1,2,qunxiong zhu1,hong xu1信息科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院，中國(guó)北京100029北京化工大學(xué)中國(guó)北京100101北京聯(lián)合大學(xué)自動(dòng)化系yxl_lmy , zhuqx,摘要本文描述了一個(gè)住宅樓宇的兩個(gè)9層電梯控制系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展。這個(gè)控制系統(tǒng)采用plc作為控制器，并用一個(gè)基于“最小等待時(shí)間”的并行連接調(diào)度規(guī)則，在并行模式下來(lái)運(yùn)行兩個(gè)電梯。本

51、文給出了基本結(jié)構(gòu)，控制原理和詳細(xì)的plc控制系統(tǒng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。他還給出了這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵方面梯形圖。該系統(tǒng)具有簡(jiǎn)單的外圍電路，操作結(jié)果顯示他可以增強(qiáng)電梯的可靠性和它的性能。1.簡(jiǎn)介隨著建筑技術(shù)的發(fā)展，建筑物是越來(lái)越高，電梯成為了在高層建筑中重要的垂直運(yùn)輸車(chē)輛。電梯負(fù)責(zé)運(yùn)輸乘客，建設(shè)居住，工作或者在建筑中的參觀，舒適而高效的到達(dá)他們的目的地。因此，電梯控制系統(tǒng)對(duì)于每一個(gè)電梯能夠順利，安全操作是至關(guān)重要的。電梯控制系統(tǒng)告訴電梯以什么樣的順序在樓層中停下，什么時(shí)候打開(kāi)或者關(guān)閉廳門(mén)，是否有安全問(wèn)題。傳統(tǒng)的電梯電氣控制系統(tǒng)是繼電器控制系統(tǒng)。繼電氣控制系統(tǒng)有一些缺陷，比如復(fù)雜的電路，高故障率，低可靠性，并極大

52、的影響電梯的運(yùn)行質(zhì)量。因此，受企業(yè)委托，我們把住宅樓中用繼電器控制的電氣控制系統(tǒng)改善用plc來(lái)控制。這樣做的結(jié)果表明改革后的系統(tǒng)操作可靠，維護(hù)方便。這篇文章將介紹系統(tǒng)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，控制原理和詳細(xì)的plc控制系統(tǒng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。2.系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)電梯控制系統(tǒng)的目的就是能夠管理運(yùn)動(dòng)的電梯響應(yīng)用戶的請(qǐng)求。該系統(tǒng)主要由兩部分組成：2.1電力驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)電力驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)包括：電梯轎廂，牽引電機(jī)，門(mén)廳電機(jī)，制動(dòng)裝置和相關(guān)的開(kāi)關(guān)電路。這里我們采用一種新型的lc系列交流接觸器來(lái)代替舊的，并且用plc的接觸來(lái)替代大量的中間繼電器。牽引電機(jī)的電路被保留。因此，原控制柜的缺陷如過(guò)高的電壓和高噪音被有效的克服了。2.2 信號(hào)控制系統(tǒng)電梯

53、的控制信號(hào)主要有plc來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。輸入信號(hào)是：操作模式，操作控制信號(hào)，轎廂請(qǐng)求，廳門(mén)請(qǐng)求，安全/保護(hù)信號(hào)，廳門(mén)打開(kāi)/關(guān)閉信號(hào)，調(diào)配信號(hào)等。所有的電梯系統(tǒng)的控制功能都是由plc程序來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的，如寄存，顯示和解除廳門(mén)呼叫或轎廂呼叫，電梯轎廂位置的判斷，選擇層和電梯方向的選擇等。電梯的plc信號(hào)控制系統(tǒng)圖如圖1所示。操作控制信號(hào)安全/保護(hù)信號(hào)plc轎廂呼叫按鈕廳門(mén)呼叫按鈕水平傳感器樓層傳感器樓層信號(hào)燈廳門(mén)呼叫燈方向燈到達(dá)信號(hào)門(mén)打開(kāi)/關(guān)閉控制門(mén)打開(kāi)/關(guān)閉信號(hào)電力驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)操作代碼操作代碼 1nputoutput 圖1 plc信號(hào)控制系統(tǒng)圖2.3 需求控制系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展目標(biāo)是在一個(gè)九層的住宅大樓中控制兩個(gè)電梯。對(duì)于

54、每一個(gè)電梯，在每一層都安裝有一個(gè)傳感器。我們可以用這些傳感器定位電梯轎廂的當(dāng)前位置。電梯的轎廂門(mén)可以由門(mén)電機(jī)打開(kāi)或關(guān)閉。在轎廂門(mén)上有兩個(gè)傳感器，這兩個(gè)傳感器能通知控制系統(tǒng)門(mén)的位置。還有另外一個(gè)傳感器，當(dāng)門(mén)關(guān)閉時(shí)，可以檢測(cè)對(duì)象。電梯轎廂的上升和下降運(yùn)動(dòng)由牽引電機(jī)控制。除了第一層和最高層以外，每層都有一副方向燈，顯示電梯的上升和下降。每層都有一個(gè)七段led燈顯示當(dāng)前電梯轎廂的位置。電梯控制發(fā)展的第一步是定義基本需求。簡(jiǎn)略的來(lái)講，電梯的行為被定義如下。（1） 單個(gè)電梯運(yùn)行一般來(lái)講，一個(gè)電梯有三個(gè)操作步驟：正常模式，防火保護(hù)模式和維護(hù)模式。維護(hù)模式具有最高優(yōu)先權(quán)。只有維護(hù)模式被取消其他操作模式才能夠被

55、執(zhí)行。其次是防火保護(hù)模式，當(dāng)火開(kāi)關(guān)動(dòng)作時(shí)，電梯必須立即返回底層或基站。當(dāng)火開(kāi)關(guān)復(fù)位時(shí)，電梯應(yīng)當(dāng)進(jìn)入正常操作模式。在正常操作模式下，控制系統(tǒng)的基本任務(wù)是命令每個(gè)電梯向上或向下移動(dòng)，停止或啟動(dòng)，打開(kāi)或關(guān)閉廂門(mén)。但有一些制約因素如下：每一個(gè)電梯在轎廂控制盤(pán)上都有一組9個(gè)按鈕，每層一個(gè)。當(dāng)這些按鈕被按下時(shí)，他們是亮的，使電梯訪問(wèn)相應(yīng)樓層。當(dāng)相應(yīng)樓層被電梯訪問(wèn)時(shí)，亮著的按鈕將熄滅。除了第一層和頂層以外，每一層在樓層控制盤(pán)上都有兩個(gè)按鈕，一個(gè)用于請(qǐng)求電梯上行，一個(gè)用于請(qǐng)求電梯下行。當(dāng)按下這些按鈕時(shí)，這些按鈕將會(huì)被點(diǎn)亮。當(dāng)電梯訪問(wèn)樓層，然后按期望的方向移動(dòng)，點(diǎn)亮的按鈕取消。轎廂控制盤(pán)上的按鈕或者樓層控制盤(pán)上

56、的按鈕通常用來(lái)控制電梯的運(yùn)行。如果乘客想要在那一層下，電梯就不能通過(guò)那一層。電梯在某一樓層不會(huì)停，除非有人想在那一層下。待添加的隱藏文字內(nèi)容3電梯不能改變方向，除非它已經(jīng)送達(dá)在當(dāng)前這個(gè)方向上的所有乘客，并且廳門(mén)的呼叫不能被正在向相反方向行駛的轎廂響應(yīng)。如果電梯沒(méi)有請(qǐng)求，那么它將會(huì)保持在當(dāng)前樓層，并關(guān)上廳門(mén)。（2） 兩個(gè)電梯并列運(yùn)行在這種情形下，有兩個(gè)電梯同時(shí)為這棟大樓服務(wù)。它每天早上7:00到9:00和下午5:00到7:00運(yùn)行。當(dāng)電梯到達(dá)一定的高度時(shí)，它將檢測(cè)是否有停止請(qǐng)求。當(dāng)有停止請(qǐng)求時(shí)，它將在這個(gè)高度停下。同時(shí)，為了均衡停車(chē)次數(shù)，兩電梯將按一定的調(diào)度規(guī)則運(yùn)作。如果另一個(gè)電梯準(zhǔn)備好要停車(chē)或

57、者已經(jīng)停止，那么這個(gè)電梯間不會(huì)在這一層停車(chē)。電梯的正常運(yùn)行是由其電力驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)和邏輯控制系統(tǒng)的合作來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。3.軟件設(shè)計(jì)由于調(diào)用的時(shí)間，調(diào)用的位置和乘客的目的地的隨機(jī)性，電梯控制系統(tǒng)成為了一個(gè)典型的實(shí)時(shí)系統(tǒng)。在這里我們用西門(mén)子 plc s7-200 cpu226 的集中選擇控制方法和其擴(kuò)展模塊。在系統(tǒng)中有46個(gè)輸入端，46個(gè)輸出端。在表1和表2中顯示了輸入/輸出端口。關(guān)于軟件設(shè)計(jì)，我們采用了模塊化寫(xiě)梯形圖程序的方法。模塊中的信息傳輸是通過(guò)plc的中間繼電器位實(shí)現(xiàn)的。整個(gè)程序主要由十個(gè)模塊組成：廳門(mén)呼叫寄存和顯示模塊、轎廂呼叫寄存和顯示模塊、信號(hào)組合模塊、廳門(mén)呼叫取消模塊、電梯位置顯示模塊、樓層選擇模塊、移動(dòng)方向控制模塊、廳門(mén)打開(kāi)/關(guān)閉模塊、維護(hù)操作模塊和并行運(yùn)行下的調(diào)度模塊。典型模塊設(shè)計(jì)的描述如下：3.1 廳門(mén)呼叫寄存和顯示在電梯中有兩種不同的呼叫請(qǐng)求：廳門(mén)呼叫和轎廂呼叫。當(dāng)有人按下樓層控制板上的按鈕時(shí)信號(hào)將會(huì)被寄存并且相應(yīng)的燈會(huì)被點(diǎn)亮。這被稱為轎廂呼叫寄存。圖2是廳門(mén)呼叫和寄存的梯形圖。自鎖通常被用于保證呼叫的連續(xù)顯示。3.2 呼叫請(qǐng)求的集中選擇在這里，我們要用到集中選擇控制規(guī)