Pigment-顏料

1、 PIGMENTS顏料顏料 Pigment/Color Technology 顏料/顏色 技術(shù) Effect Pigments 特效顏料 Colored Pigments 有色顏料Pigment nFunction in Coating 在涂料中的功能 nType of Pigment 顏料種類Function in CoatingnColorant nHiding nFiller nCorrosion inhibitorsnGloss Property of Pigment 顏料的特性顏料的特性nCrystal 晶體形態(tài)nParticle size 顆粒尺寸nParticle shape 顆

2、粒形狀nWater Contain 吸水性nAcidity/ Alkalescence酸堿性nSurface area and oil absorption 表面積和吸油量nHardness 硬度 Pigment顏料顏料 Inorganic Pigment 無機(jī)顏料無機(jī)顏料Organic Pigment有機(jī)顏料有機(jī)顏料Effect Pigment 效果顏料效果顏料Mica Pigment云母粉云母粉Aluminum Pigment鋁粉鋁粉 Glass 玻璃粉玻璃粉Colorant著色著色顏料顏料Filler 填料填料TiO2Carbon Black Red, YellowBlue etcCon

3、version of pigment to paint color將顏料轉(zhuǎn)變成涂料的顏色Pigment dispersion is required to reduce the agglomeration that occurs in the pigment drying process. This is a very important topic that I will not really be covering in this presentation. Pigment that is not at the correct particle size will not have the

4、 proper hue/chroma, hiding, durability, or other influences on film properties. 顏料分散維系小不聚集的顆粒在涂膜中提供顏色。顏料分散維系小不聚集的顆粒在涂膜中提供顏色。 當(dāng)顏料的不到當(dāng)顏料的不到合適分散為正確顆粒時就的不到最佳的色調(diào)合適分散為正確顆粒時就的不到最佳的色調(diào)/飽和度，遮蓋力，耐飽和度，遮蓋力，耐候性和其他涂膜性能候性和其他涂膜性能nWetting 潤濕潤濕nShear / Dispersion 剪切剪切/ 分散分散nStabilization 穩(wěn)定穩(wěn)定Organic vs Inorganic Pigme

5、nt Prime(colored) Pigments 著色顏料著色顏料 無機(jī)顏料無機(jī)顏料 PK PK 有機(jī)顏料有機(jī)顏料無機(jī)顏料一般價廉，不易褪色，但不夠鮮艷。無機(jī)顏料一般價廉，不易褪色，但不夠鮮艷。有機(jī)顏料，其特點就是鮮艷，由于是人工合成化學(xué)品，故在使用時需有機(jī)顏料，其特點就是鮮艷，由于是人工合成化學(xué)品，故在使用時需試樣觀察與成膜主體材料有否反應(yīng)，其二測試它的耐紫外性，有機(jī)顏試樣觀察與成膜主體材料有否反應(yīng)，其二測試它的耐紫外性，有機(jī)顏料產(chǎn)品等級非常分明，有的極易褪色，有的性能能接近無機(jī)顏料，料產(chǎn)品等級非常分明，有的極易褪色，有的性能能接近無機(jī)顏料，但價格高。但價格高。 Typical Pigm

6、ent TiO2Character 性能Titanium Dioxide contains most of the properties of an ideal white pigment ie. clarity of color, high resistance to most chemicals, organic solvents and heat, and most importantly, a high refractive index. This last property allows the production of highly opaque coatings. 二氧化鈦是一

7、種理想的白色顏料，如顏色透明，能抵抗多數(shù)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)、有機(jī)溶劑，耐熱，最重要是具有高折射率，遮蓋力強(qiáng)。 Hiding power 遮蓋力The hiding power is influenced by the refractive index and the granulometry. Rutile has a higher refractive index and is therefore more opaque Whiteness 白度 Chemical Resistance 耐化學(xué)性It has a neutral pH, a good resistance to alcali solu

8、tions 良好的耐堿性Typical Pigment TiO2 分類分類crystal morphology晶體形態(tài)晶體形態(tài)Surface treatment 表面處理表面處理Rutile 金紅石型金紅石型Anatase 銳鈦型銳鈦型Inorganic Treatment Organic Treatment-提高在弱極性體系中的分散提高在弱極性體系中的分散 Al2O3 -抗粉化，保色抗粉化，保色 ，分散性，分散性 SiO2-耐候性耐候性 ， 提高遮蓋性提高遮蓋性 Al2O3/SiO2， ZrO2表面活性劑TiO2 Crystalline StructureRefractive Index =

9、 2.56 Density = 3.90Tetragonal Cellsa = 0.951 nmb = 0.379 nmc = 0.296 nmd = 0.459 nmRefractive Index = 2.71 Density = 4.17RutileMicronized TiO2 微化微化TiO2nIntroduced into automotive in the 1980s 與與90年代引入汽車工業(yè)年代引入汽車工業(yè)nCharacteristics 特點特點n Particle size-30-50 nm versus 200+ nm 納米級納米級n Transparent 透明性透明性

10、nCreates a unique effect in metallic colors 產(chǎn)生獨特的金屬效果產(chǎn)生獨特的金屬效果n Golden, yellow face 正面金色效果正面金色效果n Pastel blue flop 側(cè)面蘭相側(cè)面蘭相Others White Pigment White Lead 鉛白鉛白 該白色顏料與酸性粘接劑反應(yīng)生成強(qiáng)硬及耐久的彈性漆膜 Zinc Oxide-氧化鋅氧化鋅 在低酸指數(shù)的結(jié)合中，提高了顏料的潤濕性，使分散更為容易，同時促使涂料粘度略為提高并減少了沉淀。在高酸指數(shù)的粘接劑里，在容器中會極度增稠。 遮蓋性低于鈦白。 Lithopone -鋅鋇白鋅鋇白

11、由BaSO4和ZnS兩種組分可部分替代二氧化鈦使用 Black Pigment n黑色顏料的性能取決于原料：有機(jī)黑色 炭黑 無機(jī)黑色：氧化鐵，石墨 植物黑色：桃木，木炭，藤蔓 動物黑色：骨頭，象牙 n有機(jī)和無機(jī)黑是非常重要的一類顏料，炭黑是最常用的黑色顏料。n常用黑色顏料：炭黑石墨-防腐涂料中，不用于調(diào)色 GRAPHITE 948 黑色氧化鐵-具有極佳的耐溶劑性和化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性，極好的耐久性和耐候性 及耐曬性。著色力低，可用于色彩調(diào)配，可以進(jìn)行多方控制。 黑色云母狀氧化鐵n 苯胺黑-苯胺黑著色力強(qiáng)，分散能低，吸光性能非常強(qiáng)，顏色穩(wěn)固性能十分好。因為在涂料中粘結(jié)性強(qiáng)，該顏料還能產(chǎn)生消光效果（具柔和的

12、外觀）。 蒽醌黑nFunctions through strong absorption of “all” wavelengths. 由于黑顏料吸收所有光波由于黑顏料吸收所有光波n“Tinting” blacks of moderate particle size and cost. 著色黑顏料顆粒中等，價格適中著色黑顏料顆粒中等，價格適中n“Jet” blacks of very small particle size 強(qiáng)墨色黑顏料具有小顆粒，強(qiáng)墨色黑顏料具有小顆粒， 一般用一般用Jetness 來表示是黑度來表示是黑度nSurface oxidation differences depen

13、ding on manufacture methods. 工藝不同，表面氧化也不同工藝不同，表面氧化也不同nUndertone effects. 也是作為降低彩度也是作為降低彩度Carbon black 黑顏料黑顏料炭黑顏料的特性對涂料的影響n炭黑表面積 (BET) 涂料黑度提高-BET 研磨漿粘度升高- BET 涂料光澤降低- BET 炭黑酸度涂料黑度提高 研磨漿粘度減少 涂料光澤增加 Low structure, Large particle sizeHigh structure, Large particle sizeLow structure, Small particle sizeH

14、igh Structure, Small particle size-Low viscosity-LowConductivity-Blue Undertone Carbon Black Morphology 炭黑形態(tài)炭黑形態(tài)-Harder to disperse-High Tint Strength-High Jetness-Easy todisperse-WeakTint Strength-Brown Undertone-High Viscosity-Lowest Loading-High ConductiveEffect PigmentsnNatural 天然nAluminum (natu

15、ral,colored, Fe2O3 layers) 天然的氧化鋁nMica 云母片，貝殼nSynthetic 合成nAluminum Oxide (w/TiO2, Fe2O3 layers) 人工包覆上TiO2 的氧化物nMica(w/TiO2, Fe2O3 layers) 人工包覆nAngle dependant, multilayer 人工包覆多層nGlass Flake 玻璃片Effect Pigments特效顏料nEffect pigments are materials, usually having a flake or plate-like structure 小片或小碟狀結(jié)構(gòu)

16、, that create angle-dependent color or value special effects. 效果顏料一般都是片狀或者碟狀結(jié)構(gòu)，能夠從不同角度產(chǎn)生顏色效果， 得到不同于普通顏料的效果nEffects Created through: 由于形狀因素，產(chǎn)生的顏色主要因為光線在顏料上的nAbsorption 吸收光nReflection 反射光nInterference 干涉光nCombination 復(fù)合光 造成不同的視覺效果 Aluminum Flake Pigments 鋁粉顏料鋁粉顏料nIntroduced in 1930s, conventional alum

17、inum is mined, purified then refined into powder that is ball milled into thin flakes 鋁粉顏料是40年代開始使用，傳統(tǒng)型鋁粉是鋁礦提純 精化(研磨)成粉末加工而成nNew Vacuum Metallized Flakes(VMF) or PVD（Physical Vapour) Deposition Flakes are vapor deposited on a release coat/film, stripped off, then sizedresulting in thin, uniform flak

18、es. 新型的鋁粉顏料是- 即電鍍銀鋁漿或， 他是鋁粉汽化，沉淀到一層膜上，在揭下來， 這樣制造的顏料特點 - 薄(是傳統(tǒng)型的5-10 分之一)， 而且顆粒均一Aluminum Typesn Leafing 浮型:nLubricant is low surface-energy, fatty acid (stearic-C18烷酸) whose non-wetting characteristics cause the aluminum to migrate to a paints upper layer, causing a chrome鉻-like effect. 研磨使用到的潤滑劑是低表

19、面能的硬脂酸,由于其不潤濕的特性，造成鋁顏料遷移到涂料的表層，形成金屬鉻一樣的效果。 此顏料一般用于自行車，油墨等涂料中。n Non-Leafing 非浮型:nLubricant is more easily wetted fatty acid (such as oleic-C18烯酸) that allows flakes to float freely throughout the film, which creates strong angle-dependent effects. 研磨使用到的潤滑劑18油酸， 它具有良好的潤濕性，使得鋁粉顏料在涂膜中各處懸浮， 造成多角異色的效果浮型鋁

20、漿與非浮性鋁漿 浮型鋁粉在涂膜中狀態(tài) 非浮型鋁粉在涂膜中狀態(tài)Aluminum FlakesNon-Leafing Aluminum Characteristics 側(cè)面效果強(qiáng)Waterborne Treated Aluminum用于水性涂料的鋁粉nAluminum metal exposed to water oxidizes, affecting reflective properties and generating hydrogen gas. 鋁粉的兩性，能在水性涂料里會產(chǎn)生氣體n“Passivation” prevents/minimizes reaction with water.

21、在水性涂料里應(yīng)用的鋁粉要先鈍化 填加劑型- Organo-phosphate treatment n包覆型-Chrome coatedn包覆型-Inorganic treatmentMica云母nMined lamellar silicate, ground and processed to produce thin platelets 層狀的硅酸鋁礦物薄的小碟.nThe basic pearl effect is enhanced with addition of thin layers of iron oxide and/or titanium dioxide to produce int

22、erference or combination interference/absorption colors 在其表面加上一層氧化鐵/TiO2可以通過干涉/吸收而提高其珠光效果 .nColor Depends on Oxide Thickness顏色由氧化物的厚度決定nExterior Grades Post-Treated for Weathering and Improved Humidity ResistancenMica pigments introduced into automotive paints in the 1970s.TiO2 Coated MicaLight stri

23、kes a mica platelet and is reflected from the surface. A portion of the light is transmitted through the platelet to subsequent material interfaces where it is reflected again. Mica Flakes 40-60 nm60-80nm80-100nm100-140nm120-160 nmColor by layer thickness of TiO2Mica basic pearl and interference 基本的

24、珠光效果及干涉 Mica absorption colors吸收光顏色nAbsorption Color Depends on Oxide Color and Thickness吸收光的顏色取決于氧化物的顏色與厚度MicaMicaOther Mica Characteristics云母的其他特征nAppearance 外觀nParticle Size Distribution 顆粒大小分布nConcentration of Mica Pigment 濃度nOrientation of Mica Platelet 取向nDispersion of Mica 分散情況nOther Properti

25、es 其他性質(zhì)nRelatively Low Hiding Power 遮蓋力相對低nCan be used to “back” weaker colored pigments for durability 可以用于加強(qiáng)其他較弱顏料的耐侯性The “new micas” 新云母nUse synthetic materials for more smooth and regular inner layer使用合成材料讓內(nèi)層結(jié)構(gòu)更平滑， 更有規(guī)律. High chroma for brightness and dramatic travel 很高的彩度， 因而明亮，顏色跳動明顯. Expensiv

26、enUse materials with either very reflective properties or interesting refractive index differences for strong interference effects 用反射性很高或折射率差很特殊的材料來產(chǎn)生很強(qiáng)的干涉效果. High sparkle 閃耀性高 Angle-dependent color 隨角異色The “new micas”nEMD (Merck)nXirallic - synthetic aluminum oxide base合成氧化鋁為底料nHigh chromanHigh re

27、flective properties at relatively small particle sizenColorstream - synthetic amorphous silica base合成無定形硅為底料nClean, angle-dependent color shiftnBASFnPaliocrom Blue new interference layer新干涉層nPaliocrom Copper crystalline iron oxide base 結(jié)晶型氧化鐵為底料Holographic Pigments全息衍射顏料Introduced to Automotive in M

28、id 1990snGeometric Pigments 幾何結(jié)構(gòu)顏料nParticlenTransparent polyester film, thickness of 12 micronsnEmbossed with holographic light recording浮雕衍射材料 nMetallized with aluminum (optical density of 2.0 to 2.5)加鋁以金屬化nCut into particles陷入顆粒內(nèi)部nEffectn“Diamond” like reflection of light 像鉆石一樣的反光nColors: silver,

29、pewter白镴, gold, coppernParticle Size: 100 x100 / 100 x50 / 50 x50 micronsGlass nIntroduced into Automotive in late 1990snBeads小珠nChips 小塊nFlakes 小片nTiO2 CoatednSilver CoatednMetal CoatedGlassnBeads and Chips do not generally have an esthetically valuable effect 美觀效果nFlakes can show strong effectsnTi

30、O2-coated flake too large for automotive applicationnSilver and Metal-Coated show most potentialGlassnCharacteristics of Glass FlakesnVery thinnVery bright mirror-like sparkle 鏡面式的明亮閃光nParticle Size DistributionGlassOrganic pigments有機(jī)顏料有機(jī)顏料nSelective absorption/reflection based on a specific chromop

31、hore： 發(fā)色基團(tuán)吸收和反射發(fā)色基團(tuán)吸收和反射nOrganic structure, including auxochrome 有機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)和助色基團(tuán)有機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)和助色基團(tuán)nCrystalline structure 晶形結(jié)構(gòu)晶形結(jié)構(gòu)nParticle size and shape 顆粒大小和形狀顆粒大小和形狀 nSurface effects 表面效果表面效果(These properties all also affect rheology, durability, and other paint properties)Crystal Chemistry 晶體化學(xué)晶體化學(xué)nModificatio

32、ns 多晶形多晶形nSeveral pigments exist in polymorphic forms 有些顏料存在多晶形結(jié)構(gòu)有些顏料存在多晶形結(jié)構(gòu)nAffects properties/color 影響顏色性質(zhì)影響顏色性質(zhì)nPhthalocyanine 酞菁藍(lán)酞菁藍(lán)nalpha=reddish blue nBeta=greenish bluenQuinacridonenBeta=VioletnGamma=RedGeneral effects of particle size顏料顆粒與效果關(guān)系顏料顆粒與效果關(guān)系nLarger Opacity 不透明性不透明性 Lightfastness 耐

33、光性耐光性 Chemical resistance 耐化學(xué)性耐化學(xué)性 Dispersability 分散性分散性 Better rheology in dispersed systems 良好的流變性良好的流變性nSmaller Transparency 透明性透明性 Higher tinctorial strength 好的著色性好的著色性O(shè)rganic Pigment Manufacture 有機(jī)顏料的合成工藝有機(jī)顏料的合成工藝TypicalnOrganic syntheses to produce basic molecule (crude pigment). 有機(jī)合成成原始顏料分子有機(jī)

34、合成成原始顏料分子nRefinement of crystal type and size, particle shape, and purity. 精化晶體形狀大小純度精化晶體形狀大小純度 nSurface treatment 表面處理表面處理nIsolation of pigment from aqueous slurry (filtered to about 40% pigment) 從水料漿中分離從水料漿中分離nDrying, packaging 干燥包裝干燥包裝Organic Colors RednQuinacridones 二羥基喹啉并二羥基喹啉并吖吖啶啶nPerylenes二萘嵌

35、苯二萘嵌苯 nDiketo Pyrrolopyrroles (DPP) 二酮吡咯并吡咯二酮吡咯并吡咯nSolid Solutions (DPP/Quinacridones) nNaphthols 萘酚大紅粉萘酚大紅粉nAnthraquinones 蒽醌蒽醌Quinacridone 二羥基喹啉并二羥基喹啉并吖吖啶啶nVersatile pigment in red to violet family 廣泛應(yīng)用的顏料廣泛應(yīng)用的顏料nGood to excellent Durability 耐候性好耐候性好nGood Chemical Resistance/Stability 良好的耐化性良好的耐化性

36、 nRange of hues and Transparency 廣泛的色調(diào)和透明性廣泛的色調(diào)和透明性nDurability derived from amount of hydrogen bonding occurring between molecules across the carbonyl (-C=O) and imino (-N-H) ring atoms 分子間羰基和亞氨基產(chǎn)生氫鍵的數(shù)目決定耐候性的好壞分子間羰基和亞氨基產(chǎn)生氫鍵的數(shù)目決定耐候性的好壞NHNHOOQuinacridones of interest喹吖（二）酮喹吖（二）酮“Linear trans-quinacrid

37、one,” showing proposed inter-molecular hydrogen bonding.線形排布喹吖二酮氫鍵線形排布喹吖二酮氫鍵PV19 Ciba（PP-26-5792): unsubstituted -quinacridone red shade 非取代的非取代的喹吖二酮喹吖二酮-紅相紅相unsubstituted -quinacridone blue shade 非取代的非取代的喹吖二酮喹吖二酮-蘭相蘭相PR122Clariant( PP-33-4021): mixed-phase di-methyl magentaPR202( PP-54-3502): mixed

38、-phase di-chloro blue shade在在PPG Web 上，共有上，共有169 種種顏色：390-813, 390-817, 390-818, 390-814, 390-820 Perylene 二萘嵌苯二萘嵌苯 Character : 特點nHigh Tint Strength 強(qiáng)的著色力強(qiáng)的著色力 nHigh Transparency 透明型高透明型高nNovel Styling Effects w/ Flakes 和珠光粉和珠光粉/鋁粉一起能有很惹眼的效果鋁粉一起能有很惹眼的效果nExcellent Durability(Resistance to fade) 良好的耐

39、候性良好的耐候性nGood Rheology 具有良好的流變性具有良好的流變性Perylene 二萘嵌苯二萘嵌苯 66 種在種在PPG web 上上PR-66-3453 PR-69-7343PP-96-7263PRG-9593PR-19-4606 PR 179 ( PR-89-8036) 390-330 是汽車漆上使用較為廣泛的顏料是汽車漆上使用較為廣泛的顏料 DPP 二酮吡咯并吡咯nGood Durability 良好的耐候性良好的耐候性nRange of red hues and transparency 寬紅相和透明性寬紅相和透明性nHigh Saturation 顏色飽和度好顏色飽和度好nChemical Resistance 耐化學(xué)性好耐化學(xué)性好nSeveral Derivatives (properties vary) 有許多產(chǎn)品分支有許多產(chǎn)品分支DPP二酮吡咯并吡咯 二酮吡咯并吡咯二酮吡咯并吡咯 PR 254 ( DPP BO ):PR-56-8759390-328 PRZ-9461 9075-R9461Chromatic red in opaque particle si