人教版英語選擇性必修一：4.1 Reading and thinking 練習(xí)（解析版）

1、2020-2021學(xué)年高中英語新教材同步備課（人教版選擇性必修第一冊）Unit 4 Body languagePeriod 1 Reading and Thinking課后練習(xí)（解析版）第一部分：根據(jù)首字母提示或漢義補(bǔ)全句子，每題1分，共計(jì)20分。1. The Secretary of Statehas the power toa_theproposals.【答案】approve【解析】國務(wù)卿有權(quán)批準(zhǔn)這些議案。批準(zhǔn)，approve2. The study also d_a direct link between obesity and mortality.【答案】demonstrated【解析

2、】這項(xiàng)研究說明了肥胖和死亡之間的直接關(guān)系。顯示，說明，時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，demonstrated3. In general,Japanesecarsareveryr_andbreakdownsare rare.【答案】reliable【解析】總之，日本的汽車很可靠，故障很少發(fā)生。可靠的，reliable4. IncollegeIhad beentaughtthatasuccessful_(教育工作者)shouldignorebadbehavior.【答案】educator 【解析】上大學(xué)時(shí)我學(xué)到，一名成功的教育工作者應(yīng)該忽略壞的行為。Educator，單數(shù)形式5. Adults learn

3、what they_(理解) to be useful in their lives.【答案】perceive【解析】成年人學(xué)習(xí)他們所理解的在生活中有用的東西。理解，perceive6. There is a growing t_ for people to work at home instead of in offices.【答案】tendency【解析】人們現(xiàn)在有一種趨勢，在家工作而不是在公司。趨勢，tendency7. Acombination of_(內(nèi)部的)and external factorscausedthecompanytoclose down.【答案】internal【解

4、析】內(nèi)部和外部的因素合起來導(dǎo)致了公司的倒閉。internal8. The_(事件)happenedjustaftertenoclocklocaltime.【答案】incident【解析】這個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生在當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間10點(diǎn)鐘。事件，incident9. The bookwas written in astylea_totheage ofthechildren.【答案】appropriate【解析】這本書是用適合這個(gè)年齡段的孩子們的風(fēng)格寫成。適合的，appropriate10. W_ to the crash said they saw an explosion just before the disa

5、ster.【答案】Witnesses【解析】墜機(jī)的目擊證人說他們在災(zāi)難發(fā)生前看到了爆炸。后面的代詞they說明前面的“目擊證人”為復(fù)數(shù)形式，Witnesses11. Thetwopicturesaresimilar,althoughnoti_.【答案】identical【解析】這兩張畫很相似，雖然不完全相同。相同的，一模一樣的，identical12. People get job satisfaction from different factors, such as social_(交流) with colleagues.【答案】interactions【解析】人們從不同的因素中獲得滿足，

6、比如與同事之間的社交。交流，交往，interactions13. Thetelecom industryinAustraliais very smallin_(比較)withtherestof theworld.【答案】comparison【解析】與是加上其他地區(qū)相比，澳大利亞的電信業(yè)很小。comparison14. The rooms were spacious, with tall windows and high_(屋頂).【答案】ceilings【解析】這些屋子很寬敞，墻和屋頂都很高。前面的rooms用了復(fù)數(shù)形式，“屋頂”也需要是復(fù)數(shù)形式。ceilings15. A survey of

7、 the American diet has r_ that a growing number of people are overweight.【答案】revealed【解析】一個(gè)對美國人飲食的調(diào)查顯示，越來越多的人超重。顯示，revealed16. They have been treated with this drug in clinical_(實(shí)驗(yàn)).【答案】trials【解析】他們在臨床試驗(yàn)中用這種藥進(jìn)行治療。試驗(yàn)，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，trials17. A severe storm destroyed a natural_(屏障) between the house and the l

8、ake.【答案】barrier【解析】一場猛烈地暴風(fēng)雨摧毀了房子和湖之間的一個(gè)天然屏障。barrier18. Youllquicklya_yourself tostudentlife.【答案】adjust【解析】你很快就會(huì)調(diào)整自己適應(yīng)學(xué)生生活。調(diào)整，adjust19. She was _(尷尬的) when they asked her age.【答案】embarrassed【解析】當(dāng)他們問她年齡的時(shí)候，她感覺很尷尬。embarrassed20. Hecalledthemseveraltimesto_(打聽)aboutjobpossibilities.【答案】inquire【解析】他給他們打了

9、幾次電話打聽就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的事。inquire第二部分：用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式補(bǔ)全句子，每題1.5分，共計(jì)30分。1. Whateverthe scientists_(ultimate) conclude,alloftheirdatawillimmediatelybe questioned.【答案】ultimately【解析】無論科學(xué)家們最終得出什么結(jié)論，他們的所有數(shù)據(jù)將隨即受到質(zhì)疑。副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，ultimately2. The artisthas paintedthescenefrom_(vary)viewpoints.【答案】various/varying【解析】那位畫家從各種角度把這一景色畫了

10、下來。形容詞修飾名詞，不同的，various/varying3. Thetermsoftheagreementare_(favour)to bothsides.【答案】favorable【解析】協(xié)議條款對雙方都有利。對.有利，be favorable to.4. Its estimated that more than 3,000 local workers_(employ) in the tourism industry.【答案】are employed【解析】據(jù)估計(jì)超過3000名本地工人受雇于旅游業(yè)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，are employed5. Daviddreamedto bean

11、_(interpret).【答案】interpreter【解析】大衛(wèi)夢想成為一名口譯員。名詞，口譯員，interpreter6. Itisimportanttoremember thateachpersonreacts_(different).【答案】differently【解析】重要的是要記住每個(gè)人的反應(yīng)不同。副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，以不同方式，differently7. Hespoke_(anger)abouttheconditionoftheurbanpoor.【答案】angrily【解析】他憤怒地談?wù)摮鞘胸毭竦奶幘?。副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，angrily8. The_(imply)inhisarticle

12、isthatbeinga housewifeis greatly inferiortoeveryother occupation.【答案】implication【解析】他那篇文章的含意是，當(dāng)家庭主婦遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不如所有其他職業(yè)。冠詞后為名詞，含義，暗示，implication9. His family then moved to a_(slight) larger house.【答案】slightly【解析】他的家后來搬到了一間稍微大一點(diǎn)兒的房子。副詞修飾形容詞，slightly10. Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, _(bow) form the wa

13、ist or nodding the head when they meet someone else.【答案】bowing【解析】在其他地方，當(dāng)見面時(shí)，人們更喜歡握手，彎腰鞠躬或點(diǎn)頭致意。并列連詞or連接的為動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，此處也要變成動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，bowing11. Iam nowmakingamarketsurveyin detail.The_(assess)reportwill besent toyoulater.【答案】assessment【解析】我正在做一個(gè)詳細(xì)的市場調(diào)查，稍后會(huì)提供評估報(bào)告給您。評估報(bào)告，an assessment report12. Im sorry_

14、(occupy)yourtime,butIreallywant totalk withyouaboutthepetproblemnowadays.【答案】to occupy【解析】抱歉占用你的時(shí)間了，但我真的很想跟你談?wù)劕F(xiàn)在的寵物問題。13. Hedidntevenbother_(inform) me thathewas coming.【答案】to inform【解析】他甚至都沒通知我他要來。費(fèi)心/費(fèi)力/不怕麻煩做某事，bother to do.，to inform14. Hestoodatthe window,_(stare)out of the window.【答案】staring【解析】

15、他站在窗旁，盯著窗戶外面。動(dòng)詞-ing形式做方式狀語，staring15. Peopletend_(think) thattheproblemwill neveraffectthem.【答案】to think【解析】人們往往認(rèn)為這個(gè)問題絕不會(huì)影響到他們。往往會(huì)./傾向于做某事/易于做某事，tend to do16. Youdbetter_(low)yourstandardsif you want tofindsomewherecheaptolive.【答案】lower【解析】要想找個(gè)便宜的地方住，你最好降低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。had better+動(dòng)詞原形，此處需要把low變成動(dòng)詞，lower17. Our

16、 road safety record_(comparison) favorably with that of other countries.【答案】compares【解析】我們的道路安全紀(jì)錄比其他國家的好。此處需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，與.相比，compare.with.,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，compares18. Research suggests that babies learn to see by_(distinguish) between areas of light and dark.【答案】distinguishing【解析】研究顯示嬰兒是通過區(qū)分明亮區(qū)域和黑暗區(qū)域來學(xué)會(huì)觀看的。介詞by后的動(dòng)

17、詞需要變成動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，distinguishing19. They are waiting_(anxious) to see who will succeed him.【答案】anxiously【解析】他們在焦慮不安地等著看誰將接替他。副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，anxiously20. Its_(appropriate)to judgeapersonfromhisappearance.【答案】inappropriate【解析】根據(jù)一個(gè)人的外表來對他做出判斷是不合適的。根據(jù)句義，此空為“不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹敝?，把a(bǔ)ppropriate 變成反義詞，inappropriate第三部分：課文回顧，用所給的單詞短

18、語翻譯句子，每題3分，共計(jì)30分。1. 在餐桌上，滿嘴食物與人交談通常會(huì)被視為無禮。（consider, with.full）【答案】Its usually considered rude to talk to other people at the dinner table with your mouth full.【解析】做某事重要/容易/被視作無禮.，要用it作形式主語，動(dòng)詞不定式為真正的主語，后置；with+名詞+形容詞，作方式狀語，表示伴隨的狀態(tài)，with your mouth full滿嘴食物2. 在法國，看到同一個(gè)手勢的人可能會(huì)將它解讀為“零”。（encounter, inter

19、pret.as.）【答案】In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning “zero”.【解析】“看到同一個(gè)手勢的人”，定語后置，可以用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，也可以用定語從句，a person encountering/who encounters an identical gesture；把.解讀為.，interpret.as.,as為介詞，作為，后面的動(dòng)詞要用-ing形式，as meaning zero3. 沒有提供要求的個(gè)人信息，你將被視為棄考。（without, give

20、up on.）【答案】Without providing the required personal information, you will be considered as having given up on the test.【解析】介詞without后的動(dòng)詞為-ing形式，要求的信息，為被要求的信息，動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)作定語，可以前置，the required personal information；放棄考試，give up on the test4. 最終他們贏了這場比賽，向所有球迷表明了他們是一支實(shí)力強(qiáng)大的球隊(duì)。（ultimately, demonstrate）【答案】U

21、ltimately, they won the match, demonstrating to their fans that they are a powerful team.【解析】向所有球迷證明了.是贏得比賽的結(jié)果，所以“demonstrate”要用-ing形式，表示結(jié)果，他們是一支強(qiáng)大的球隊(duì)，為賓語從句。5. 與大城市相比，這些地方現(xiàn)代化程度較低但是更天然。（in comparison with.）【答案】In comparison with big cities, these places are less modern but more natural.【解析】注意“與.相比”，i

22、n comparison with.6. 我們準(zhǔn)時(shí)抵達(dá)機(jī)場，結(jié)果卻被告知我們的航班取消了。(inform, cancel)【答案】We arrived at the airport on time only to be informed that our flight had been canceled.【解析】動(dòng)詞不定式表示意外的結(jié)果，to be informed that.卻被告知.我們的航班已經(jīng)取消了，過去完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。7. 曾經(jīng)花費(fèi)一個(gè)世紀(jì)時(shí)間的事情現(xiàn)在只花費(fèi)10分鐘。(what, take)【答案】What used to take a century now takes on

23、ly 10 minutes.【解析】表示“.的事情”為what, what used to take a century曾經(jīng)花費(fèi)一個(gè)世紀(jì)的事情。8. 當(dāng)兩車相撞時(shí)，通常是被動(dòng)被撞的車輛受損更嚴(yán)重。(run into, it is.that)【答案】When two cars run into each other, it is the passively crashed car that suffers more damage.【解析】強(qiáng)調(diào)句的使用，it is.that.“被動(dòng)被撞的車輛”動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，此處為前置，passively crashed car9. 重要的事情是用在你所在

24、的文化中是恰當(dāng)?shù)囊环N方式使用身體語言。（crucial, appropriate to.）【答案】The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.【解析】動(dòng)詞的-ing形式做作表語，“在你所在的文化中是恰當(dāng)?shù)囊环N方式”in a way后接定語從句，that is appropriate，對.是恰當(dāng)?shù)模琣ppropriate to the culture 后再次接定語從句，that you are in10. 傳統(tǒng)上在中國，當(dāng)我們向某人打招呼時(shí)，我們把左手放在右手上并微微彎腰。（greet, put.over, slightly）【答案】Traditionally in China,