新視野大學英語讀寫教程三unit8分析解析

1、Unit8 SECTION ALegal and Moral Implications of CloningWarming-up? It is not a common sheep but a cloned sheep.HowCloningCloningIt refers to the process of making a genetically identical organism through nonsexual means.It ivolves nucleus transfer between cells.Researchers take the nucleus of one cel

2、l from a DNA donr and transplant it into an egg whose own nucleus has been removed. Text UnderstandingText UnderstandingLegal and Moral Implications of CloningPara1 At first it was just plain surprising. Word that scientists succeeded in cloning an adult mammal an achievement long thought impossible

3、 caught the imagination of everyone. The laboratory process that produced Dolly, an unremarkable-looking sheep, theoretically would work for humans as well. A world with human clones was suddenly within reach. It was science fiction coming to life.Word Using1.implication n. （1）含義，暗示 （2）牽連，卷入，涉及 （3）可

4、能的影響（后果）Something that is suggestedTranslationI resent your implication that my work is not satisfactory.Key我討厭別人暗示我，說我的工作做的不好。2.fiction n. （1）小說 （2）虛構，想象fiction總稱小說 （1）novel長篇小說 （2）short story短篇小說history 歷史legend 傳記TranslationTaking Dream of the Red Mansions as a history book is an important visual

5、 angle in reading fiction.Key把紅樓夢當歷史讀，這是讀小說的一個重要的視角。難句解釋Word that scientists succeeded in cloning an adult mammalan achievement long thought impossiblecaught the imagination of everyone.譯文：有消息說，科學家們已經成功地克隆了一只成年哺乳動物，而這項成就長期以來一直被認為是不可能的。這一傳聞引發(fā)了每個人的想象。注釋：注釋：1）句中的主要成分為word.caught the imagination of.。tha

6、t從句是同位語從句解釋word的內容；的內容；word作不可數(shù)名詞時表示作不可數(shù)名詞時表示“消息，命令消息，命令”。eg:The commander gave the word to fire.指揮員下令開火。開火。2）succeed in (doing) sth.成功地做某事Para2 In the wake of this announcement, governments hurried to draft guidelines for the unknown, a future filled with incredible possibilities. President Clinton

7、 ordered a national commission to study the legal and moral implications of cloning. Leaders in Europe, where most nations already prohibit human cloning, began examining the moral implications of cloning other species. 3.draft n. （1）草圖，草稿，草案（2）提（款），匯票（3）征兵，服役 v（1）起草，草擬 （2）征募，征召Translation他草擬了一封給當?shù)貓?/p>

8、紙的信。KeyHe drafted a letter to the local newspaper.4.guideline n.指導方針，指導原則，行動綱領，準則TranslationThe past offers guidelines（not mandates）to the present and future.Key過去為現(xiàn)在和將來提供了指導方針（而不是命令）。mission n. （1）委托，授權（2）委任狀（3）（專門）委員會 （4）傭金，回扣Translation她賣出東西可得10%的傭金。KeyShe gets 10% commission on her hi

9、bit vt.（1）禁止，使不可能，不準（2）阻止動詞prohibit與from連用，名詞prohibition后卻須用against。如：the prohibition against smoking。難句解釋In the wake of this announcement, governments hurried to draft guidelines for the unknown, a futurefilled with incredible possibilities.譯文：就在克隆宣告成功之后，為了一個未知世界，一個充滿各種不可思議的可能性的未來，各國政府立即起草指導方針。注釋：注

10、釋：a future filled with incredible possibilities 作同作同位語，解釋the unknown;in the wake of 意為“緊緊跟隨跟隨.，在.后；隨著.而來，作為.的結果的結果”。eg：In the wake of a hurricane,wrecked houses were found everywhere.颶風過后，隨處可見被毀壞的房屋。Para3 Like the Theory of Relativity, the splitting of the atom, and the first space flight, Dollys ap

11、pearance has generated a long list of difficult puzzles for scientists, politicians, and philosophers. And wild questions on the topic of cloning continue to mount.7.split v. （使）破裂，（使）裂開 n.分裂，裂縫，裂口Translation你再胖下去褲子就要裂開了。KeyIf you get any fatter,youll split your pants.8.generate vt.(1)生殖 （2）（物理、化學）發(fā)

12、生，產生，使存在 （3）引起，導致TranslationIf you hook up a power source to a transmitter,it generates a pulse.Key如果你把能量源放到發(fā)射器上就能發(fā)射電磁脈沖。9.mount n.（1）支架，底座，底板 （2）山峰vt.（1）登，爬（山、梯等），騎上（馬）（2）安裝，裝配 （3）準備，組織，發(fā)動 vi.（up）增加，上升Translation他飛快地爬上樓梯。KeyHe mounted the stairs quickly.TranslationExpenses are mounting up.Key開銷在增加。

13、Para4,5 Why would anyone want to clone a human being in the first place?The human cloning situations that experts consider most frequently fall into two broad categories: 1) parents who want to clone a child, either to provide transplants for a dying child or to replace that child, and 2) adults who

14、 for a variety of reasons might want to clone themselves.10.category n.種類，范疇TranslationBooks can be grouped into two categories:the good books and the bad books.Key書可以分為兩類：好書和壞書。11.transplant n.（1）移植，移種 （2）移植的器官或植物 vt.（1）移栽，移種（2）使遷移，使移居TranslationThe doctor transplanted skin to her face.Key醫(yī)生給她的臉移植皮

15、膚。Para6,7 Will it be possible to clone the dead?Perhaps, if the body is fresh, says one expert. The cloning method used requires combining an egg cell with the nucleus of a cell containing the DNA of the person to be cloned. (DNA is a very long, ribbon-like molecule that contains our genetic informa

16、tion.) And that means that the nucleus must be intact. Cells die and the cell nucleus begins to break apart after death. But, yes, in theory at least it might be possible.12.ribbon n.（1）緞帶，絲帶 （2）（打印機等的）色帶，帶狀物13. intact a.完整無缺的，完好的TranslationDespite his misfortunes,his faith and optimism remained int

17、act.Key雖然他遭到一連串的不幸，但他的信念和樂觀絲毫未變。Para8.9 Would a cloned human be identical to the original?Identical genes dont produce identical people, as anyone who knows a set of identical twins can tell you. In fact, twins are more alike than clones would be, since they have at least shared the same environment

18、 within the mother, are usually raised in the same family, and so forth. Parents could clone a second child who resembled their first in appearance, but all the evidence suggests the two would have very different personalities. Twins separated at birth do sometimes share personality characteristics,

19、 but such characteristics in a cloned son or daughter would only be reminders of the child who was lost14.resemble vt.像，類似Translation他長得不好看，不像他母親。KeyHe was not beautiful; he didnt resemble his mother. 用法：resemble是vt.本身已內含“與.”的意義，故不必再加多余的with。Para10 Even in terms of biology, a clone would not be iden

20、tical to the master copy. The clones cells, for example, would have energy-processing machinery that came from the egg, not from the person who was cloned. But most of the physical differences between originals and copies are so minor that detection of them would require a sophisticated laboratory.

21、The one possible exception is bearing children. The scientists responsible for the successful cloning are not sure that Dolly will be able to have lambs. They will try to find out once shes old enough to breed. 15.minor a.（1）較小的，較少的（2）低級的，次要的 n.未成年人TranslationThere is no point arguing any further.Wh

22、y not put aside minor differences to seek common ground on more important matters?Key再爭下去沒有什么意思，為什么不求大同存小異呢？16.breed v.使繁殖，生育；飼養(yǎng)，撫養(yǎng)；產生，引起 n.品種，種類TranslationUnemployment may breed violence and despair.Key失業(yè)會導致暴力事件和失望情緒。Para11.12 What if parents decided to clone a child in order to harvest organs?Most

23、 experts agree that it would be psychologically harmful if a child sensed he had been brought into the world simply as an organ donor. But some parents already produce second children with nonfatal transplants in mind, and many experts do not oppose this. Cloning would increase the chances for a tis

24、sue match from 25 percent to nearly 100 an n.（1）器官（2）機關，機構 （3）風琴Translation你愿意做器官捐獻者嗎？KeyAre you willing to be an organ donor?18.fatal a.（1）決定命運的，關鍵的 （2）致命的，毀滅性的TranslationHe committed a fatal mistake.Key他犯了一個無法挽回的錯誤。Para13 If cloned animals could be used as organ donors, we wouldnt ha

25、ve to worry about cloning twins for transplants. Pigs, for example, have organs similar in size to humans. But the human body attacks and destroys tissue from other species. To get around that, one company is trying to alter the pigs genetic code to prevent pig organs from being attacked. If the com

26、panys technicians succeed, it may be more efficient to produce such pigs by cloning than by current methods.19technician n.技術人員，技師技術人員，技師Translation這個年輕人是一名電腦技術員。KeyThe young man is a computer technician.Para14.15 How would a human clone refer to the donor of its DNA?Mom is not right, because the wo

27、man who supplied the egg and gave birth to the infant would more appropriately be called Mother. Dad isnt right, either. A traditional father supplies only half the DNA in a child. Judith Martin, in her writings under the name of Miss Manners, suggests the phrase, Most honored sir or madam. Why? One

28、 should always respect ones ancestors, she says, egardless of what they did to bring one into the 潷汲?Para16 That still leaves some confusion over vocabulary. The editorial director of one dictionary 慳獹琠慨?桴?潮湵尠 clonee may sound like a good term, but its not clear enough. Instead, he prefers original

29、and copy. 20.confusion n.（1）分辨不清，混淆（2）混亂狀態(tài)，騷亂（3）困惑，迷惑21.edit v.（1）（為出版、廣播等）編輯，剪輯（2）主編，編輯TranslationThey must have edited bits of the interview out.Key他們一定是把這次采訪的一部分剪輯掉了。editorial a（1）編輯的，主編的 （2）社論的 n.（報刊的）社論，評論Para17.18.19 What are the other implications of cloning for society?The gravest concern is

30、nt really cloning itself, but genetic engineeringthe deliberate altering of genes to create human beings according to certain requirements. Specifically, some experts are concerned about the creation of a new (and disrespected) social class: he clones.One expert believes the situation could be comparable to what occurred in the 16th century, when Europeans puzzled