幾個時態(tài)的對比

1、 幾個時態(tài)的對比【課標(biāo)導(dǎo)航】課程目標(biāo)層次要求幾個時態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成英語七個時態(tài)的否定式疑問句等題目 掌握幾個時態(tài)的用法做題當(dāng)中能夠識別時態(tài)幾個時態(tài)的熟練掌握以及應(yīng)用,尤其幾個易混時態(tài)【知識梳理】一、綜述1.重點: 幾個時態(tài)的正確構(gòu)成方式以及熟練應(yīng)用 句子當(dāng)中能夠熟練的識別并且理解各個時態(tài)的作用以及意義。2. 難點: 時態(tài)混用或串用（如在描寫過去的經(jīng)歷時，有時用現(xiàn)在時） 時態(tài)的疑問句，否定句和特殊疑問句。 關(guān)鍵詞的識別。二、時態(tài)綜述1.一般現(xiàn)在時 .概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。 .時間狀語： Always, usually, often, sometimes, every we

2、ek (day, year, month), once a week(day, year, month), on Sundays, .基本結(jié)構(gòu)：動詞 原形 （如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，動詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式） .否定形式：主語/三單+do/does not+V原+其他 一般疑問句：用助動詞do提問，如主語第三人稱單數(shù)則用does。. 用法:a.表示習(xí)慣性的動作 b客觀存在，科學(xué)道理。 c.格言 d.現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，能力，性格，個性。 .特殊疑問詞（+主語）+動詞+其他 2. 一般過去時 .概念：過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。 .時間狀語：ago, yesterd

3、ay, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month),in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. .基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+動詞或be的過去時+名詞 .否定形式：主語+was/were +not+其他;在行為動詞前加didnt，同時還原行為動詞。 .一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動詞do的過去式did 提問，同時還原行為動詞。 .（1）一般 動詞后+S （2）以x,s,o,sh,ch結(jié)尾+es

4、 如fixes goes .用法：a.表示在過去一段時間里經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作 b.表示過去某時或某時段內(nèi)發(fā)生的狀態(tài)情況常與過去的時間狀語連用 c.表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，常與過去的頻度狀語連用3.現(xiàn)在進行時 .概念：現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前一段時間正在進行的動作?？梢员硎居杏媱澋奈磥?，也就是用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來。 .時間狀語：now, at the moment , at the time , today , tonight , this morning , this afternoon , this evening , this week , this month , this year

5、, while , ect. .基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be+v.-ing現(xiàn)在分詞形式 .形式：肯定句:主語+ be（is/am/are）+ 現(xiàn)在分詞 否定句:主語+ be（is/am/are）+ not + 現(xiàn)在分詞 .一般疑問句：Be(am, is, are) +主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它？ 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+be(am, is, are)+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它？ 4.過去進行時 .概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進行的行為或動作。 .時間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。 .基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語+

6、was/were +doing +其他 .否定形式：主語+was/were + not +doing+其他 .一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。(第一個字母大寫） 5.現(xiàn)在完成時 .概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。 .時間狀語：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+時間點，for+時間段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc. .基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has +p.p（過去分詞）+其他 .否定形式：主語+have

7、/has + not +p.p（過去分詞）+其他 .一般疑問句：have或has。 6.過去完成時 .概念：以過去某個時間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。 .時間狀語：Before, by the end of last year (term, month), etc. until，as soon as .基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+had + p.p（過去分詞）+其他 .否定形式：主語+had + not +p.p（過去分詞）+其他 .一般疑問句：had放于句首。 . 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+had+p.p（過去分詞）+其他 a肯定句：主語+ had+p.p（過

8、去分詞）+其他 b否定句：主語+ had+ not+p.p（過去分詞）+其他 c一般疑問句：Had+主語+p.p（過去分詞）+其他? d特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句? 7.一般將來時 .概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。 .時間狀語： .基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語其他；主語其他 .否定形式：主語；主語其他 .一般疑問句：be放于句首；提到句首。 . 一般現(xiàn)在時表將來 ： 8.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的比較： Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomor

9、row, etc. +am/is/are +going to + do+ +will/shall + do+ +am/is/are not going to do +will/shall not do+ will/shall come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return Mary has lived in London for ten years. Mary lived in London for ten years. We visited a power station last week. We have visited a power sta

10、tion. （說明現(xiàn)在對發(fā)電站有所了解。） Yes, I have./No, I havent. Yes, I saw them on your desk a minute ago.（有過去時間狀語） American English has changed over the centuries. Great changes have taken place in the past few years. I arrived here last Sunday, but I havent seen Mr. White up to now. 9.現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時的比較： He has li

11、ved here for six weeks. He has been living here for six weeks. Theyve been talking to him since morning. Theyve talked to him since morning. .I havent seen him for years. Theyve always had a big garden. How long have you known that? 但狀態(tài)動詞用作動作動詞時就能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時： .在不用表示一段時間的狀語的情況下，現(xiàn)在完成進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時就不可以隨便使用。 T

12、heyve been widening the road .（還在進行） Theyve widened the road. (已經(jīng)完工) .用How long？結(jié)構(gòu)詢問目前正在進行的動作的時間長度時，習(xí)慣上多用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。 How long have you been sewing? Ive been sitting here all afternoon. Ive been waiting for you since morning. Ive been staying in a hotel so far. 某些不能用于進行時的動詞同樣也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時，只能用于現(xiàn)在完成時，不具有延續(xù)

13、意義的動詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時。 He has had a cold for a week. He has been having a cold for a week. I have heard the news since last week. I have been hearing the news since last week. 10.過去完成時與一般過去時的用法比較： 過去完成時和一般過去時都可和表示某一確定的過去時間狀語連用。而現(xiàn)在完成時不能。 I had done the work at six oclock. I did the work at six oclock. 在以連

14、詞after指明兩個動作的時間先后關(guān)系時，從句中可用過去完成時，也可用一般過去時。 After the teacher (had) left the classroom, the children started talking. 當(dāng)連詞when作after解時，從句中用過去完成時和一般過去時都可以。 When I (had) got home, everybody went to bed. 當(dāng)when作“當(dāng)時候”解時，不能互換。 When I got home, the children had gone to bed. 兩個或兩個以上接連發(fā)生的動作用and或but連接時，按時間發(fā)生的順序，

15、只須用一般過去時。 He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table. He gave up smoking for a while, but soon returned to his old ways. 但是如果兩個先后發(fā)生的動作不按時間順序排列，先發(fā)生的動作就得用過去完成時。 I found the book that I had lost. 11. 過去進行時和一般過去時的比較： 過去進行時表示正在進行（未完成）的動作，一般過去時表示一個完成的動作。 I was reading a book last n

16、ight. （可能沒看完） I read a book last night. （已經(jīng)看完了） They were becoming quite grown-up now. 他們正在長大成人。 They became quite grown-up. 他們已長大成人。 It rained all day yesterday. It was raining all day yesterday. 昨天下了一天的雨。 I worked from 7 to 11 last night. I was working from 7 to 11 last night. 昨晚我從七點工作到十一點。 過去進行時只

17、用于看來是在繼續(xù)而不間斷的行動。如果把行動分割開或者說出其發(fā)生次數(shù)就必須用一般過去時。 I was talking to Tom for an hour. I talked to Tom several times. Tom washed both cars. 一般過去時只說明過去某時發(fā)生某事，而過去進行時側(cè)重在動作持續(xù)時間的長度。 He was working / worked from two oclock until supper time. 兩個或兩個以上的動作發(fā)生在過去，如果其中有一個是可持續(xù)的動詞，而另一個是持續(xù)時很短的，則前者用過去進行時，后者用一般過去時。 Tom slippe

18、d into the house when no one was looking.【經(jīng)典例題】【例1】This problem _this eveningA will discuss B is going to discuss C is to be discussed D is discussed2.Fred_a waiter for two years before he went to university.A has been B had been C was D used to 3.The old woman is quite nervous, she _before.A was ne

19、ver to be operated B was never operated on C has never been operated on D has never been operated on 4.Tom broke the glasses which my grandfather _for ten years.A bought B had bought C had kept D had have5.I dont know when I_.A will be born B have born C am born D was born【例2】完成句子I _ (do) my homewor

20、k every evening.2. We _ (fly) kites in the park on Sundays.3. My mother _ (clean) our room on Sundays.4. Tom _(play) the piano every Saturday. Now he_ (play).5. She _(like) swimming. She _ (swim) this weekend.【例3】選詞填空 用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空： 1. I have _ seen him before, so I

21、have no idea about him. 2. Jack has _ finished his homework. 3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years. 4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.” 5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”【強化訓(xùn)練】&【課后作業(yè)】（注：本專題根據(jù)學(xué)生的程度及上課接受情況適當(dāng)選擇部分進行上課練習(xí)，部分做為課后作業(yè)。）【A卷】一、按要求完成句子 1. The children h

22、ad a good time in the park. 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_ 對劃線部分提問：_ 2. There were about nine hundred people at the concert.(音樂會) 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_ 對劃線部分提問：_ 3. There was only one problem. 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_ 肯定/否定回答：_二、按要求改句子 1.Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答) 2.I have many books. （改為否定句） 3.Gao Shans sister li

23、kes playing table tennis.（改為否定句） 4.She lives in a small town near New York. （改為一般疑問句）三、用現(xiàn)在進行時完成下列句子: 1.What_you_(do)? 2.I_(sing) an English song. 3.What_he_(mend)? 4.He_(mend) a car. 5._you_(fly) a kite? Yes ,_. 6._she_(sit) in the boat? 7._you_(ask) questions? 8.We_(play) games now.四、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1

24、.Today is a sunny day. We_ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 2.My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week. 3.Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike. 4.What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects? 5.Its Friday today. What_she_

25、(do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects. 五按要求改寫句子 1.The boy is playing basketball. 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_ 2.造句:.she, the window, open, now.(用現(xiàn)在進行時連詞成句.)_ .is, who, the window, cleaning?(連詞成句)_ .She is closing the door now.(改成否定句)_ .they, the tree, sing, now, under.(用現(xiàn)在進行時連詞成句.)_

26、 .The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改成一般疑問句)_【B卷】 一. 單項選擇題 1.Jane _New York _a few days. A will leave; after B has left; for C is leaving; in D leaves; for 2.When I entered the room ,I _him drawing. A found B am finding C will find D find 3.A sports meeting_. A will hold B is being held

27、C has been held D is going to be held 4.By the end of last month he _here for four years. A has lived B had lived C have been lived D is living 5.Nothing _of him since last month. A was heard B has been heard C had been heard D heard 6.He said he _the college in 1982 A had entered B would enter C en

28、tered D will enter 7.All the business letters _by tomorrow . A are being answered B have been answered C will have been answered D had been answered 8.The geography teacher told us that America_ a rich and beautiful continent. A was B is C will be D is going to be 9.I remember quite will that it _Sue and John who helped me that morning A has been B were C are D was 10.At the time ,he often _late into the night. A worked B works C was working D would worked 11.We can do noting unless we_ more