牛津·模塊2 Unit 3 Grammar and usage 過去完成時態(tài) 學(xué)案正式版

1、譯林牛津英語模塊六Unit 3 Amazing peoplePast perfect tense（過去完成時態(tài)）過去完成時態(tài)是由“had (not) +過去分詞”構(gòu)成。過去完成時態(tài)的基本用法：1、過去完成時態(tài)表示一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，即發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。這個過去的時刻常和by, before, when, until等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用，也可以通過上下文語境來表示。By the 1990s the number of Tibetan antelopes had fallen to about 50,000.截止到20世紀(jì)90年代，藏羚羊的數(shù)量下降到了大約5萬

2、只。Johnson went to the box office at lunch time, but all the tickets had sold out. 約翰遜在午飯時去售票處，但是票已售完?！揪菊`區(qū)1】過去完成時態(tài)不能孤立地用于一個句子中，只有和過去某個時間或某個動作相比較才能用到該時態(tài)。Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday? 昨天艾倫和老朋友玩得高興嗎？Yes, he did. He hadnt seen his old friends for a long time. 是的，很高興。他已經(jīng)好久沒有見到他的老朋友了。2、

3、過去完成時態(tài)還可以表示過去某一時間的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去另一時間，還可能持續(xù)下去，這時常與for, since, before, after, by then, by that time, by the end of, by the time+過去時態(tài)的句子等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語(從句)連用。It rained at last the day before yesterday after it had been dry for several months. 在干旱了幾個月之后，前天終于下雨了。Einstein had taught himself advanced mathematics by t

4、he time he was 14. 到14歲時，愛因斯坦已經(jīng)自學(xué)了高等數(shù)學(xué)。3、表示愿望、打算的動詞（如attempt, expect, hope, plan, wish, mean, intend, think, suppose, wish等）的過去完成時態(tài)表示過去未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、計(jì)劃或打算。I had intended to come to the party, but I was busy. 我原本打算來參加晚會的，可是我太忙了。Like every school boy I had thought that going into space as an astronaut must

5、be the best job in the world.像所有的男生一樣，我原以為成為宇航員進(jìn)入太空肯定是世界上最棒的工作。4、在hardly/scarcely/barelywhen, no sooner than句式中，主句常用過去完成時態(tài)，表示“一就”。當(dāng)hardly, scarcely, no sooner等位于句首時，主句常用部分倒裝。I had hardly answered the teacher when he interrupted me. 我還沒來得及回答老師的問題，他就打斷了我的話。Hardly had our monitor gained a qualification

6、 for an Olympic torch carrier when the reporters came to interview him. 我們班長剛獲得奧運(yùn)火炬選手的資格，媒體記者就來采訪他了。No sooner had we left the dormitory the next morning than we forgot our map in the room. 第二天早晨我們剛離開宿舍，這時想起把地圖忘在房間里了。5、在 “This/It was the first (second, third) time that .”的句型中，that從句要用過去完成時態(tài)。It was th

7、e second time that she had been in Nanking. 這是她第二次來南京。This was the first time that I had gone abroad. 這時我第一次出國?！揪菊`區(qū)2】在含有由before, after等連詞引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，由于連詞本身可以明確表示動作發(fā)生的先后順序，因此，主語和從句都可以用一般過去時態(tài)，而不用過去完成時態(tài)。She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. 她和她的家人躲藏了

8、大約25個月之后才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。He went home after he finished his work. 他完成工作后就回家了。【警示誤區(qū)3】在含有由when, as soon as等連詞引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，從句謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生后，主句謂語動詞的動作緊接著發(fā)生，這時主句、從句的謂語動詞均可用一般過去時態(tài)。When he heard these words, Jim panicked and ran to the raft. 聽到這些話后，吉姆恐懼萬分，向木筏跑去。He jumped out of bed as soon as he was called. 一聽到有人叫他，他立即跳

9、下床來?！眷柟逃?xùn)練】1. After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _ working on his project. A. had started B. has started C. started D. starts 2. Peter had intended to take a job in business, but _that plan after the unpleasant Experiencein Canada in 2010.A. had abandoned B. abandonedC. abandonD. will abandon3. The

10、 manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he_ some European partners. （2012江蘇卷）A. would meet B. is meetingC. meetsD. had met4. When Alice came to, she did not know how long she _ there.A.had been lying B.has been lying C.was lying D.has lain5. Experiments of this kind _ in both the U.S.

11、 and Europe well before the Second World War.A. have conducted B. have been conductedC. had conducted D. had been conducted6. She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child _ everything!A. had been eating B. had eaten C. have eaten D. have been eating7. How was the weather then?Hardly _ off t

12、he plane when it started to rain.A.I had steppedB. had I stepped C.I steppedD.did I step8. Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they _ from China.A.receive B.are receiving C.have received D.had received9. What a mistake!Yes. Ihis doing it another way, but without su

13、ccess.A.was suggesting B.will suggest C.would suggestD.had suggested10. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son from college.A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been graduating D. had graduated11. We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebodyinto the office during the night

14、.A.broke B. had broken C.has broken D.was breaking12. Were you surprised by the ending of the film?No, I _the book, so I already knew the story. A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read13. The young man, who by then _ admission to university, decided to do some part - time jobs to get m

15、ore practical experience. A. gained B. was gaining C. had gained D. has gained14. Last week I took part in the Civil Service Admission Examination, for which I _ for nearly three months. A. had prepared B. would prepareC. was preparing D. have been preparing15. Did you have difficulty finding Anns h

16、ouse? Not really. She _ us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.（2015北京卷） A. was to giveB. had givenC. was givingD. would give 16. Silk _ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.（2016浙江） A. had becomeB. was becomingC. has becomeD. is becoming 17. When walki

17、ng down the street, I came across David, whom I _ for years.（2016天津卷） A. didnt seeB. havent seen C. hadnt seenD. wouldnt see 18. No sooner _ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.（2014陜西卷） A. had Mo YanB. Mo Yan hadC. has Mo YanD. Mo Yan has 【參考答案和解析】1、答案C。解析：根據(jù)前半句的謂語

18、動詞用了過去完成時，可知后半句用一般過去時，這樣才能符合“過去的過去”這一條件，因此選C項(xiàng)。句意為：杰克發(fā)了幾份電子郵件之后，他才開始研究他的項(xiàng)目。2、答案B。解析：but引導(dǎo)并列句，故前后時態(tài)一致。與had intended相呼應(yīng)，可知空格處應(yīng)在表示過去時的范圍內(nèi)選擇，由此排除C、D選項(xiàng)；且abandon動作發(fā)生在動詞intend的動作之后，故排除A選項(xiàng)（過去的過去）。由此可知答案B項(xiàng)符合文意。3、答案D。解析：根據(jù)句中“is said to have arrived”可知，arrive這個動作是在過去發(fā)生的，而空格處表示的動作是在arrive的動作之前發(fā)生的，所以用過去完成時態(tài)，故選D項(xiàng)。

19、4、答案A。解析：came to蘇醒過來是過去時態(tài)，蘇醒前的情況是過去的過去，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的過去里發(fā)生的事，故選A。過去完成進(jìn)行時主要表示持續(xù)到過去某時之前的動作。句意為“當(dāng)Alice蘇醒過來時，她不知道她在那兒躺了多久了?！?、答案D。解析：主語experiment與conduct構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，謂語使用被動形式。題干中出現(xiàn)the second war是過去的時間點(diǎn)，before the second war是過去的過去，因此使用過去完成時，所以選D項(xiàng)。句意為“就在二戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)前，美國和歐洲都進(jìn)行過這種實(shí)驗(yàn)?！?、答案B。解析：本題考查時態(tài)辨析。第一句用了過去時態(tài)，孩子們吃光東西應(yīng)該發(fā)生在第一句動作之

20、前，即過去的過去，所以空格處要用過去完成時態(tài)，故選B項(xiàng)。7、答案B。解析：本題考查句型hardly had when的基本用法。注意動詞要用過去完成時態(tài)。因此選B項(xiàng)。8、答案D。解析：動詞expressed是過去時態(tài)，接受中國的援助發(fā)生在expressed之前，是過去的過去，故用過去完成時，因此選D項(xiàng)。9、答案D。解析：他犯錯誤發(fā)生在過去，我提建議發(fā)生在他犯錯誤之前，是過去的過去，故用過去完成時態(tài)。這里不是再現(xiàn)當(dāng)時提建議的情景，故不用was suggesting，因此選D項(xiàng)。句意為“多么嚴(yán)重的錯誤呀！是的，我曾經(jīng)建議他換個方法做，但他沒聽?！?0、答案D。解析：by the time到時候?yàn)橹?/p>

21、，一般與完成時連用，因此選D項(xiàng)。句意為“當(dāng)杰克從英國返回家時，他的兒子已經(jīng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。”11、答案B。解析：注意兩個時間點(diǎn)，“有人闖進(jìn)了辦公室”發(fā)生在“我們到達(dá)”之前，是過去的過去，因此用過去完成時態(tài)，選B項(xiàng)。句意為“我們在早晨到達(dá)工作地點(diǎn)時，發(fā)現(xiàn)有人在前一天晚上闖進(jìn)了我們的辦公室?！?2、答案B。解析：read動作發(fā)生在knew之前，因此空格處用過去完成時態(tài)。句意為 “我已經(jīng)看過書了, 已知道這個故事”。13、答案。解析：“收到通知（had gained）”發(fā)生在“決定（decided）”之前，所以用過去完成時態(tài)，故選C項(xiàng)。句意為：這個年輕人那時已經(jīng)被大學(xué)錄取，但是他決定去打零工來獲得更多的時間經(jīng)驗(yàn)。14、答案A。解析：prepare動作發(fā)生在took part in之前，要用過去完成時態(tài)，因此選A項(xiàng)。句意為：我上周參加了公務(wù)員考試，（在這之前）我為之準(zhǔn)備了3個月。15、答案B。解析：動詞give的動作發(fā)生在 “were able to find”之前，符合過去完成時態(tài)表示“過去的過去”的用法。故選B項(xiàng)。16、答