【優(yōu)化指導】2015年高考英語一輪復習第3編語法突破第7講情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣課件

1、第七講第七講 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣情態(tài)動詞是各地高考試題中的必考項目，每年高考單項填空必有一道考查情態(tài)動詞的題目。考點依次是：推測(可能性)，請求、允許，必要性等。其中對shall，should，must，can/could以及“情態(tài)動詞完成式”考查較多。近幾年高考對虛擬語氣的考查并不太多，主要考查if條件從句和wish，as if等后面接的從句中，以及表示“堅持、建議、命令、要求”的詞語，如：suggest，insist，demand，order等，及這些詞的相應名詞所跟的同位語從句和表語從句中的用法。有時會結(jié)合其它從句進行考查，把握語境是解決問題的關(guān)鍵。.情態(tài)動詞一、常見的

2、情態(tài)動詞的基本用法情態(tài)動詞主要用法典句示例can/could表示能力He can play table tennis quite well.表示理論上的可能性，“有時候可能會”Even an experienced teacher can make mistakes.表示請求和允許Can I go now？Yes，you can.表示請求，口語中常用could代替canCould you wait two days for the money？表示驚訝、懷疑、不相信(主要用于否定句、疑問句和感嘆句)Can the news be true？Can what he said just now b

3、e true？表推測，譯為“可能”(用于否定句和疑問句)Who can it be？He cant come now.Its raining so hard.情態(tài)動詞主要用法典句示例may/might表示允許、許可May I use your mobile phone？在表示請求、允許時，might比may的語氣更委婉She asked if she might open the window.表示可能性的推測，含有“或許，可能”之意，用might代替may時，語氣顯得更加不肯定Her appearance has changed so much that you may not recogn

4、ize her.may用于祈使句中表示祝愿，句式需用倒裝May you return safe and sound.情態(tài)動詞主要用法典句示例must表示“必須；應該”。以must開頭的問句，否定回答常用neednt或dont have to，肯定回答用mustYou must see the doctor.表示有把握的推測，一般用于肯定句She must be watching TV now.表示“偏要，硬要”做某事If you must smoke，please go out.情態(tài)動詞主要用法典句示例have to表示“必須；不得不”Its getting dark.We have to g

5、o home now.shall用于第一、三人稱的疑問句中，表示征求對方的意見和向?qū)Ψ秸埵維hall we put off the sports meeting until next week？用于第二、三人稱的陳述句，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅；此外，當頒布法律、規(guī)定時也用shallYou shall get an answer from me by tomorrow.It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected

6、.情態(tài)動詞主要用法典句示例should表示勸告和建議，作“應該，應當”講He should learn to be more polite.表示推測，意為“按理說，應該，應該會”It should be a good movieits reviews were very good.用在if條件句中，表示可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能If anyone should phone，tell him Im in conference.(與疑問詞連用，表示意外，納悶，驚訝等)到底，究竟是(用于表示感情，意志等句中的that從句)竟然，居然Why should I help him？Hes never

7、done anything for me.Im surprised that you should speak in such a way.Im glad that your story should have won the first prize.情態(tài)動詞主要用法典句示例will/would用于表示意志或意愿He will give his girlfriend anything she wants.表示請求，建議。用would比will委婉、客氣些Would you like to come to my party？表示習慣：will可表示主語現(xiàn)在的習慣，常譯為“總是，習慣于”。表示過去

8、的習慣性動作時用wouldShe will sit for hours reading in the afternoon.When he was young，he would listen to music alone in his room.表示預料或猜想That will be the postman ringing.表示事物的某種性質(zhì)或傾向Wood will float on the water.情態(tài)動詞主要用法典句示例need表示需要；必要。用于否定句、疑問句和條件從句中Need we make the test？No，we neednt.dare意為“敢；敢于”，主要用于疑問句、否定

9、句和條件從句中，一般不用于肯定句。I dare say是習慣說法，意為“我想，大概”How dare you talk like that？ought to表示義務、忠告等，意為“應當，應該”The dish is delicious.You ought to try some.表示推測、可能性，意為“應該”He ought to be feeling better by this evening.特別提醒：1.表示經(jīng)過努力而成功地做成某件具體事情時，一般用was/were able to，不用could。The fire spread through the hotel very quick

10、ly but everyone was able to get out.盡管大火迅速蔓延到了整個賓館，但是每個人都逃了出去。2.can的一些常用固定搭配：cannot but do sth./cannot help but do sth./cannot choose but do sth.表示“不得不，只好”。cannot/can never.enough/too再也不為過，越越。3.may的一些常用固定搭配：may well動詞原形意為“完全能，很可能”，may/might as well動詞原形意為“最好，滿可以，倒不如”。4.must開頭的問句，其否定回答用neednt或dont hav

11、e to代替。5.mustnt表示“禁止、不許做某事”。二、表示推測的情態(tài)動詞用法比較一覽表情態(tài)動詞適用句式適用時態(tài)意義典句示例must肯定句一般時、進行時、完成時一定、肯定You must be hungry after the long walk.He must be sleeping in the dormitory.can(could)疑問句，否定句一般時、進行時、完成時可能，能夠She cant be reading in the reading room now.Can/Could this be an excuse for that？情態(tài)動詞適用句式適用時態(tài)意義典句示例may(m

12、ight)肯定句，否定句一般時、進行時、完成時也許，可能He may not be happy.He may be playing basketball on the playground.should(ought to)肯定句一般時待，“應該”He should be around sixty years old.(確定)Its nearly seven oclock，Jack should be here at the moment.(期待)will(would)肯定句、否定句、疑問句一般時、進行時、完成時大概He will have forgotten me.I left him 18

13、years ago.It would be about ten when he left home.三、“情態(tài)動詞have done”用法類型構(gòu)成主要用法句式典句示例對過去的推測must have done表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為進行推測，意為“想必/準是/一定做了某事”肯定句You must have gone to bed late last night.Your eyes are red.can/couldhave done表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑和不肯定否定句、疑問句He cannot have forgotten it.may/mighthave done表示對過去已發(fā)生的行為的推

14、測，意為“也許/或許/已經(jīng)(沒有)”肯定句、否定句Its too late.I think he may have gone to bed.類型構(gòu)成主要用法句式典句示例表示后悔、責備或遺憾could have done表示虛擬意味，意為“本來能夠(可以)”(但實際并沒有做)肯定句The accident could have been avoided.might have done表示本來應該或可以做某事，含有輕微的責備語氣肯定句You might have given him more help，though you were busy.should/oughtto have done表示本

15、該做某事而實際上未做，否定形式表示做了本不應該做的事肯定句、否定句You are late.You ought to have arrived five minutes earlier.You shouldnt have told her the news.類型構(gòu)成主要用法句式典句示例表示后悔、責備或遺憾neednt have done表示做了本來不必做的事否定句I actually neednt have bought so much wineonly three people came.had better have done用于事后的建議，含輕微責備的口吻，意為“當時最好做了某事”肯定句

16、、否定句You had better have started earlier.You had better not have scolded her.would rather have done表示“寧愿當時做了某事”(但事實上過去并未做)肯定句、否定句I would rather have taken his advice.I would rather not have said that.would have done“本愿意做而沒做”would like/love to have done sth.過去愿意做但未做成I would have gone to see the film w

17、ith you but one of my friends came.I would love to have gone to the party last night，but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.特別提醒：didnt need to do表示過去不必做，也沒做某事He was only 5 years old and didnt need to go to school.虛擬語氣一、虛擬語氣在條件句中的應用虛擬條件句主句典句示例與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設If主語動詞的過去式(be動詞用were)主語should/would/co

18、uld/might動詞原形If I were you，I should seize the chance to go abroad.如果我是你，我就抓住這次出國的機會。與過去事實相反的假設If主語had過去分詞主語should/would/could/mighthave過去分詞If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams.如果你早聽了我的意見，你就能通過考試了。與將來事實相反的假設1.If主語動詞的過去式2.If主語were to動詞原形3.If主語should動詞原形主語should/would/could

19、/might動詞原形If he should not come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next Monday.如果明天他不來，我們就把會議推遲到下周一了。二、虛擬語氣的其他應用類型構(gòu)成或用法典句示例用于賓語從句中用于表示要求，命令，建議，意圖，決定，推薦等意義的動詞，如order，require，demand，suggest，advise，propose，command，request，insist，recommend等后接賓語從句時，從句謂語動詞為(should)動詞原形The teacher ordered that all

20、 of the students be here on time.He insisted that we(should)attend the meeting.wish賓語從句的虛擬語氣有三種表達方法：過去時表現(xiàn)在過去完成時表過去could/would/might動詞原形表將來I wish she were here.I wish you had come to the lecture.I wish I could fly to the moon some day.would rather(would sooner)后的賓語從句，謂語用一般過去時表現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪龅氖隆Ｈ缯劦竭^去的動作，則用過去完

21、成時Id rather you paid the money yourself.Id rather you hadnt done that.類型構(gòu)成或用法典句示例用于主語從句中It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/possible/best/better/ strange/natural/essential/a pitythat從句，從句中的謂語動詞用“(should)動詞原形”It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till next week.It is str

22、ange that he(should)have acted towards his parents like that.用于表語從句和同位語從句中在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣。其構(gòu)成是“(should)動詞原形”My suggestion is that you(should)visit China.We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should)go to Dalian for sightseeing.as if/though引

23、導的表語從句過去時表現(xiàn)在過去進行時表現(xiàn)在進行過去完成時表過去could/might/would動詞原形表將來It looks as if he were 10 years younger today.It looks as if he hadnt had a meal for a week.It looks as if he could live for another century.類型構(gòu)成或用法典句示例用于定語從句中在It is(high)time(that).句型中定語從句的謂語動詞用過去式或should動詞原形。(其中should不可省略)此句型意為“(現(xiàn)在)該，是的時間了”，用來表

24、示建議It is(high)time that you went/should go to school.用于狀語從句中as if/though引導的方式狀語從句及even if/though引導的讓步狀語從句中：過去時表現(xiàn)在過去進行時表現(xiàn)在進行過去完成時表過去could/might/would動詞原形表將來He talks as if he knew all about it.Even if he were here，he couldnt solve the problem.類型構(gòu)成或用法典句示例用于簡單句中hope，expect，think，mean，plan，want，intend，su

25、ppose等動詞的“過去完成時”或它們的“過去時不定式的完成時”表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的希望、打算或用途。We hoped to have stayed there a week.We had hoped to stay there a week.“if only陳述句”表示現(xiàn)在的愿望用過去時；表示過去的愿望用過去完成時；表達將來的愿望用過去時或過去將來時。If only I were a bird！If only we had listened to their advice.類型構(gòu)成或用法典句示例特別提醒條件句中有were，had，should時，若省略if，則需把were，had，should放在主語前，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果省略的條件句的謂語動詞是否定形式，不能用動詞的縮略形式。Were it not for the expense，I woul