（推薦）初中定語從句講解

1、一、 定語從句：定語從句：修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面先行詞：定語從句所修飾的詞稱為先行詞關系詞：引導定語從句的關聯(lián)詞稱為關系詞Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。關系詞：引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞，常見的關系代詞包括that， which， who（賓格whom，所有格whose）等，關系副詞包括where， when， why等。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時又作定語從句的重要成分。1. 關系代詞用法：1. who， whom兩者都用于指人

2、，who 用作主語，whom用作賓語（可省略）。在口語中，有時可用who代替whom， 也可省略。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.Yesterday I came across a few friends with whom I went to the supermarket.（直接跟在介詞后面，不能用who，只能用whom，且不能省略）2. whose： whose一般指人，但有時也指物。在從句中作定語。He has a friend whose father is a doctor.whose指物

3、時，常用以下結構來代替:Please pass me the book whose cover is green.= Please pass me the book the cover of which is green改寫：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. ？3. which： which用于指物，在句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.The film （which） w

4、e saw last night was wonderful.4. that: that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。指人時可與who、whom互換，指物時可與which互換。在從句中作主語、賓語或表語，作主語時不可省略，作賓語可省略，不可直接跟在介詞后面作賓語。The coat （that/which） I put on the desk is blue.Where is the man( that/whom)I saw this morning?5. As: as引導定語從句主要用于兩種結構：用于as we all know類句型中，用于such.as.,the same.as.等固定結

5、構中There was a supermarket around here, as I remember. （作賓語）Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.（作主語）那些對世界做出極大貢獻的人應當受到極大的尊重。注意：1.關系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時，從句常由介詞+關系代詞引導The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.= The school in which he once stud

6、ied is very famous.有些“動詞+介詞”習語如look after，look for，call on等不可把介詞提前This is the watch which/that I am looking for.2.關系詞只能用that的情況(1) 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只能用that，而不用which.This is the best film that i have seen.He was the first person that passed the exam.(2) 當先行詞是anything, everything,

7、 nothing, something, few, all, none, little, some 等代詞時,只能用that，而不用whichAll that can be done has been done.(3) 先行詞被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few ，all， any， much， many等詞修飾時，只能用that，而不用which.This is the same bike that I lost.This is the very dictionary I want to buy.(4)先行詞里同時含有人或物

8、時，只能用that， 而不用whichI can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.(5) 以who或which引導的特殊疑問句，為避免重復，只能用that.Who is the girl that is crying？2. 關系副詞1. when指時間，其先行詞表示時間(time， day， year， month， week等)，when在句中作時間狀語I still remember the day when I first came to the school.2. where指地點，其

9、先行詞表示地點（如place， room， mountain， airport等），where在句中作地點狀語。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因，其先行詞表示原因的詞（reason），why起原因狀語作用。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.注意: 1. 關系副詞when, where, why的含義相當于介詞+ which結構，因此常常和介詞+ which結構交替使用.There are occasions when (on

10、 which) one must yield.Hangzhou is the place where (in which) I was born.Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?2. 當表示時間的先行詞在從句中不是作狀語，而是作主語、賓語或表語時，必須用關系代詞that或which引導定語從句，而不是用when。例如:The film reminded me of those miserable days (thatwhich）I spent in my childhood.這部電影使我想起了我童年時代度過的那些苦

11、難日子。3. 當表示地點的先行詞在從句中不是作狀語，而是作主語、賓語或表語時，必須用關系代詞that或which引導定語從句，而不是用whereThe Great Wall is a beautiful place (thatwhich）people all over the world look forward to visiting.長城是個美麗的地方，全世界的人都渴望來參觀。3. 限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句限制性定語: 從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號分開; 從句不可省去，否則句意含糊不清.China is a country which has a long history.非

12、限制性定語從句: 主句與從句之間有逗號分開，起補充說明作用; 如省去，主句意思依然清楚His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.要注意區(qū)分以下幾個句子的不同(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.他那當醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵他要考上大學。（他還有其他的哥哥）(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college. 他的哥哥是當

13、醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵他要考上大學。（他只有一個哥哥）二、 單選練習1. The bridge _ a big ship can go has been built. A. under which B. under that C. in which D. on which2. He talked about the classmates and the school _ he had visited. A. who B. that C. which D. about which3. We should do all _ is useful to people. A. / B. that C. it D

14、. which4. We came to a place _ they had never paid a visit before. A. which B. in which C. on which D. to which5. I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _has a great effect on my life.A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who6. _is known to all, C

15、hina will be an _powerful country in 20 or 30 years time.A. That; advancing B. This; advanced C. As; advanced D. It; advancing7. Do you know the worker _?A. whom I often talk B. with who I often talk C. I often talk with D. that I often talk8. You have seen the girl _ sister is a Chinese teacher. A.

16、 whom B. of whom C. whose D. of which 9. Those _ finished doing it put up your hands. A. who have B. who has C. which have D. have10. I went to the school _ my f ather once worked. A. that B. which C. where D. on which11. After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town _ he grew

17、 up as a child.A. which B. where C. that D. when12. Can you lend me the dictionary _ the other day? A. about that you talked B. That you talked C. which you talked D. that you talked about13. The book _ isnt in the library. A. what I need B. I need C. that I need it D. which I need it14. The treatme

18、nt will continue until the patient reaches the point _ he can walk correctly and safely.A. when B. where C. which D. whose15. I hope that the little _ I have been able to do does good to them all.A. which B. what C. that D. when三、 閱讀理解： 找出下面文章中的定語從句并回答以下問題 Most people have never heard of Tim Berners

19、-Lee. He is not nearly as rich or famous as Marc Andreessen, who was cofounder of Netscape, or Bill Gates, whose name has become a household word.Berners-lee, who works in a small office at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is the creator of the World Wide Web. The creation of the Web is so

20、 important that some people compare Berners-lee to Johann Gutenberg, who invented printing by moveable type in the fifteenth century. Berners-Lee was born in England in 1955. His parents, who helped design the worlds first commercially available computer, gave him a great love of mathematics and lea

21、rning. In 1980, Berners-Lee went to work at CERN, a physics laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland, where he had a lot of material to learn quickly. He had a poor memory for facts and wanted to find a way to help him keep track of things he couldnt remember. He devised a software program that allowed him

22、 to create a document that had links to other documents. He continued to develop his idea through the 1980s. He wanted to find a way to connect the knowledge and creativity of people all over the world.In 1991, his project became known as the World Wide Web. The number of Internet users started to g

23、row quickly. However, Berners-Lee is not completely happy with the way the Web has developed. He thinks it has become a passive tool for so many people, not the tool for creativity that he had imagined.In 1999, Berners-Lee published a book which is called Weaving the Web, in which he answers questio

24、ns he is often asked: “What were you thinking when you invented the Web?” “What do you think of it now?” “Where is the Web going to take us in the future?”1. Which is the true statement?A. Tim Berners-Lee is much richer than Bill Gates.B. Tim Berners-Lee is very happy with the way the Web has developed.C. Berners-Lee helped design the worlds first commercially available computer.D