中考英語語法講解-情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本用法與句型?？记閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與時(shí)態(tài)中考出題模式與常見題型一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是什么？行為動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞能夠獨(dú)立做謂語不能獨(dú)立做謂語掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的定義：表示可能、懷疑、允諾、掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的定義：表示可能、懷疑、允諾、愿望、義務(wù)、必要、猜測(cè)等的動(dòng)詞是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。愿望、義務(wù)、必要、猜測(cè)等的動(dòng)詞是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本句型 陳述句 主+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ v原 疑問句 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主+ v原？ 考點(diǎn)：注意may, must疑問句的否定回答 否定句 -主+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 not+ v原 考點(diǎn)：注意had better, need兩種詞性, ought to 的否定三、?？嫉那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞1.can能; 可

2、能-could2.may可以-might3.must必須;一定4.need需要-非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞5.should-shall 6.would-will7.had better8.used to 過去常常9.Would rather 寧愿10. ought to應(yīng)當(dāng)能力樂意可能Can 是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，不能獨(dú)立做謂語是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，不能獨(dú)立做謂語be able to是系動(dòng)詞，能夠獨(dú)立做謂語是系動(dòng)詞，能夠獨(dú)立做謂語所有表示所有表示“意愿類題目意愿類題目”，都適用，都適用Can/Could you give me some water?Must肯定是（無否定）可能是肯定是（無否定）可能是 1. He will

3、_ finish it by himself. can/ may/ be able to/ 不填（多） 2. can you give me _ suggestion? another/ other/ the other/ others 3. She _ run fast, but I cant. may/ must/ need/ can樂意可能肯定回答一般是：肯定回答一般是：Yes, please./Certainly./ Sure等，等，否定回答一般是：否定回答一般是：Please dont./No，you cant/mustnt. can多用于多用于疑問句和否定句疑問句和否定句，表示懷疑

4、或不相信等態(tài)度；，表示懷疑或不相信等態(tài)度；而而may則多用于則多用于陳述句（肯定），陳述句（肯定），表示一種揣測(cè)。表示一種揣測(cè)。He may be right他可能對(duì)他可能對(duì)He cant be right他不可能對(duì)他不可能對(duì)必須肯定肯定回答：肯定回答：yes, must否定回答：否定回答：no, you neednt/ no, you dont have tocan多用于多用于疑問句和否定句疑問句和否定句，表示懷疑或不相信等態(tài)度；，表示懷疑或不相信等態(tài)度；Must表示推測(cè)時(shí)，不能用否定句表示推測(cè)時(shí)，不能用否定句Dont have to 不必不必- mustnt一定不能一定不能neednt 不

5、必不必must 表必須有否定；表必須有否定； 表肯定，不能用否定句表肯定，不能用否定句 Must的否定I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我剛才沒有聽到電話，我想必是睡著了我剛才沒有聽到電話，我想必是睡著了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞行為動(dòng)詞You neednt answer the question now.You dont need ot answer the question now.Had better最好 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)： 錯(cuò)誤理解為had, 或better 否定 解析： 你最好立刻就做 You had better do it right now.

6、你最好不要碰它 You had better not touch it.Used toBe used to doingBe used to doHe used to go shopping on weekends.他過去常常周末去買東西他過去常常周末去買東西The Englishman isnt used to driving on theright in China.Pens are used to write on paper.Would rather do.than do寧愿做而不愿做 解析:寧愿而不愿，中考共三種表達(dá)方式 1、prefer to do.rather than do寧愿做

7、而不愿做(動(dòng)詞詞組) 例:I prefer to swim rather than stay at home.我寧愿去跑步也不愿待在家里 2、would rather do.than do寧愿做而不愿做(動(dòng)詞詞組) 例:I would rather swim than stay at home. 我寧愿去跑步也不愿待在家里 3、preferto I prefer dogs to cats.相對(duì)于貓.我更喜歡狗. Would rather是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，否定為 would rather not doCan與could的相同與不同Can1. 能力能力 he said: “I can do that.”

8、2. 樂意樂意 can I help you?3. 可能可能It cannt be rainyCould1. 能力,是can的過去式He said that he could do that .2. 表樂意,could可獨(dú)立一詞.Could I go with you?(willwould; shall should于此相似)Will1. 只用于將來時(shí), he will come tomorrow2. shall, will用來征求對(duì)方用來征求對(duì)方意見，意見，shall用于第一人用于第一人稱，稱，will用于第二人稱，用于第二人稱，用來表示意愿；用來表示意愿；shall用用于第二、第三人稱，于

9、第二、第三人稱，will用于第一人稱。用于第一人稱。Would1.過去將來時(shí)，是will的過去式.He said that he would come tomorrow.2.表樂意 Would you like?3.虛擬語氣 1. The doctor suggested that he _ the medicine 3 times a day.多 Take/ took/ takes/ should take 解析 Suggest/advice that 主+should +v原。 考點(diǎn): should 省略；給時(shí)態(tài)迷惑 2. She would leave the city if the r

10、ain _. Stops/ would stop/ stopped/ stopping 解析: 1判斷would-過去時(shí)，從句也用過去時(shí) 2主句過去將來，if 從句用一般過去 3.The patient knew that he _ the wrong mdicine. take/ took/ takes/ should take 1must和have to 【考例】-Must we finish giving out the posters today? -Yes, we _. It cant be put off any longer. 太原市 A. can B. may C. must

11、答案C。解析 此題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。回答由must引起的一般疑問句，其肯定答語要用must，不能用can或may。故選C。 -I didnt pass the math test. I think I have spent too much time playing computer games recently. -I agree. You _ play like that any more. 河南省 A. neednt B. mustnt C. may not D. wouldnt 答案B。解析 此處選mustnt。表示“一定不能”“千萬不能”，用較強(qiáng)的語氣來提醒對(duì)方不能再玩游戲了。 W

12、hen traffic lights are red. We _stop and wait. 南京市 A. may B. can C. must D. might. 答案C。解析 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，must必須，表示禁止。 2can和could -Could I borrow your dictionary? -Of course you _.陜西省 A. can B. must C. should D. will 答案A。解析 上文的could并不表示過去，而只是一種委婉的說法，所以答語用can更禮貌些。 -Listen! Is Tom singing in the classroom? -No

13、. It _be Tom. He has gone to Paris. 長(zhǎng)沙市 A. may not B. neednt C. cant 答案C。解析 因?yàn)闇凡辉谶@里，所以不可能是他。 一Mary，_you speak Chinese? 一Yes，only a little 北京市 A must B need C may Dcan 答案D。解析 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，“瑪麗，你會(huì)說英語嗎?“是的，會(huì)一點(diǎn)”。故選D。can表示能夠 1Schools _allow students at least one hour a day for sports. A. would B. might C. shou

14、ld D. could 答案C。解析 此處用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的用法。should表示“應(yīng)當(dāng)應(yīng)該”的含義比其他三個(gè)詞更強(qiáng)些。 2.Bob，may I _your MP4? 一SureBut youd better not _it to othersA.lend；lend B lend；borrow C borrow；borrow D.borrow；lend 答案D。解析本題考查動(dòng)詞borrow和lend的區(qū)別. 由語境可判斷前者是借入，用borrow后者是借出，用lend。 3.-What about playing football this afternoon, Sam? -I woul

15、d rather _ at home than _ football. Its too hot outside. A. stay; playing B. stay; play C. to stay; to play D. to stay; playing 答案：A。解析本題考查了would rather的固定短語的應(yīng)用。Would rather do A than do B和做B比起來，寧愿做A。 4.He used to _ in the sun, but now he is used to at night. A. read, read B. reading, read C. read,

16、reading D. reading, reading 答案：C。解析考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。Used 后接動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)，be used to 后接動(dòng)名詞。故選C。 5.You _do it if you really dont want to. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. couldnt 答案A。解析 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。本題應(yīng)由句意人手破解。如果你不想做的話，你“沒有必要”做它，所以正確答案為A項(xiàng)。 6.-May I do the rest of the work tomorrow? -Yea, of course. You _finish it today. A.

17、must B. mustnt C. neednt 答案C。解析思路分析：根據(jù)句意可知，neednt不必 7.You _be tired after working for eight hours without a rest. A. can B. may C. must D. need 答案C。解析 本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must，can，may8need的區(qū)別。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must在此表示肯定的推測(cè)。 8.一Look at the boy running on the groundIs it Davis? It _be himI saw him go to the teachers office ju

18、st now A must B cant Ccould Dmight 答案B。解析 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。表推測(cè)時(shí)否定句中用cant。表示“不可能”，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)去了老師的辦公室。1._I open the window?Its hot here. A.Must B.Shall C.Will D.Would2.Go and ask Mr Liu.He _tell you. A.may B.can C.would D.could3._you please tell me the time please? A.Shall B.Will C.May D.Might4._I try out all the id

19、eas? No,you _. A. Must, mustnt B.Need,need C.Must,dont have to D.Must,dont5._I speak to Mr Green，please? A.Will B.Could C.Must D.Would BABCB 課時(shí)訓(xùn)練課時(shí)訓(xùn)練9.He said Kate _come to the party.But I dont think so. A.could B.might C.need D.must10.Need I do my lessons right now? Yes,you_. A.need B.can C.should D.must11.Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon? Id love to.But Im afraid I_.I have too much work to do. A.cant B. mustnt C. neednt D.may not12.To make our city more beautiful，rubbish_into the river. A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C.cant throw D. m