unit8-現(xiàn)在完成時講解

1、助動詞助動詞have (has)+過去分詞過去分詞done現(xiàn)在完成時：現(xiàn)在完成時： 表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的成的影響影響或或結(jié)果結(jié)果，或從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的，或從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或保存的狀態(tài)。動作或保存的狀態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語主語+ have / has + 動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞一般疑問句一般疑問句： have / has ? Yes, I have. No, I havent. Yes, she has. No, she hasnt. 1. 現(xiàn)在完成時動詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時動詞構(gòu)成have /has + v

2、過去分詞過去分詞助動詞助動詞否定否定haventhasnt疑問疑問Have you?Has he?常與下列時間狀語連用：常與下列時間狀語連用：just , already, yet,ever, never, before already 多用于肯定句；多用于肯定句；yet多用于否定句和疑問句末。多用于否定句和疑問句末。1.現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示過去發(fā)生或已完成過去發(fā)生或已完成的動作或狀態(tài)的動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,也也就是說就是說,動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在現(xiàn)在還存在. I have lost my wal

3、let.我丟了我的錢包我丟了我的錢包(含義是含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.) Jane den has just had it.簡剛吃過飯了簡剛吃過飯了(含義是含義是:簡現(xiàn)在不餓了簡現(xiàn)在不餓了.) Lily has been ill.莉莉病了。莉莉病了。(含義是含義是:現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱) He has returned from abroadbr:d . 他從國外返他從國外返回了?；亓?。(含義是含義是:現(xiàn)在已在此地現(xiàn)在已在此地) 比較現(xiàn)在完成時和過去時的區(qū)別：比較現(xiàn)在完成時和過去時的區(qū)別：*現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的是過去的發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的是過去的發(fā)生的動作對

4、現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以造成的影響和結(jié)果，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如：不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如：yesterday，last night, three weeks ago, in 1990。*一般過去時表示的是過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，和一般過去時表示的是過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，它可以和表示過去的時間狀語現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，它可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用。連用。I have seen the film.(我了解這部電影的內(nèi)容。我了解這部電影的內(nèi)容。)I saw the film last week.（只說明上星期看了這部（只說

5、明上星期看了這部電影，不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況。）電影，不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況。）3. 現(xiàn)在完成時把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果聯(lián)系起來，現(xiàn)在完成時把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果聯(lián)系起來， 一般過去時只限于表示過去的動作本身一般過去時只限于表示過去的動作本身, 與現(xiàn)在與現(xiàn)在 的結(jié)果無關(guān)。的結(jié)果無關(guān)?，F(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時在意義上現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時在意義上 的區(qū)別舉例如下：的區(qū)別舉例如下： I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已經(jīng)打掃過我的房間了。我已經(jīng)打掃過我的房間了。 I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in

6、the past.) 我上周打掃了我的房間。我上周打掃了我的房間。 Father has gone to Beijing. (He went to Beijing and he is not here now.) 爸爸已經(jīng)去北京了。爸爸已經(jīng)去北京了。 They have bought a dictionary. (They bought a dictionary and they have it now.) 他們買了一本字典。他們買了一本字典。注意注意: 現(xiàn)在完成時不能和明確指出過去時間的狀語現(xiàn)在完成時不能和明確指出過去時間的狀語(如如: yesterday, last, year, in 1

7、976, two days ago, just now, when she came in 等等)連用連用，但可以和不明確指出時間的狀語但可以和不明確指出時間的狀語(如如: already, yet, ever, never, before, recently, lately等等)連用連用； 時間狀語：時間狀語： already, just, yet, ever, never, before、recently（最近，近來）（最近，近來）, lately（近來，最近）（近來，最近）, since for, in the past few years. Just 用于用于助動詞后實義動詞前助動詞后

8、實義動詞前, 表表示示“剛剛剛剛”Eg. Ive just had breakfast.(1) “仍然，還仍然，還 ” 用在疑問句和否定句用在疑問句和否定句中，放在句末。中，放在句末。I havent read this book yet .Have you had breakfast yet ?already:Yet:“已經(jīng)已經(jīng)”通常用于肯定句中通常用于肯定句中,放在句中。放在句中。 I have already read this book.有時，也用在疑問句中表示驚訝。有時，也用在疑問句中表示驚訝。 Have you eaten up all the food already ?“從來不

9、從來不” 用在否定句中用在否定句中,放在句放在句中。中。 Is he famous ?I have never heard of him .evernever“曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)”通常用于疑問句通常用于疑問句和肯定句中和肯定句中,放在句中。放在句中。 I have ever seen this film.Have you ever been to the USA ? 1. My father bought many books for me yesterday . Now , I have a lot to read because _ 2. I saw this film last week. Now

10、, I know this film because I_. 3. I did my homework yesterday. Now, I can give it to the teacher because I_my father has bought many books for me.have seen it before have done it.上一頁下一頁I have learnt English forI have learnt English for ten years. ten years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10年的英語。年的英語。(從從10年前開始年前開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在

11、學(xué)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué))She has swum since half an hour ago.我已經(jīng)游泳了半個小時我已經(jīng)游泳了半個小時(半個小時前已經(jīng)開始游泳半個小時前已經(jīng)開始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游到現(xiàn)在還在游)什么樣的句子用完成時？什么樣的句子用完成時？主菜單2.2.表示表示過去過去已經(jīng)開始已經(jīng)開始, , 持續(xù)到持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或現(xiàn)在還可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)狀態(tài), , 這時的時間狀語通常與這時的時間狀語通常與sincesince（自從）（自從） + + 過去的時間點過去的時間點，for + for + 一段時間，一段時間，so farso far（到目前為止）（到目前為止） 等時間

12、狀語連用等時間狀語連用。1.for +Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.一段時間一段時間2. since +從句(一般過去時) 時間點時間段+ago (表示過去某一時間的)時間點時間點Eg. I have been here since 1995. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.She began to work in 2005.She still works here

13、now. She has worked at this school for 10 years. now past I began to teach English at this school fiveyears ago.I have taught English at this school for five years.用法用法2 2：過去發(fā)生的動作一直過去發(fā)生的動作一直延續(xù)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。到現(xiàn)在。 1. I am a doctor. I began to work when I was 22.Now , I am 26. I _ for four years. 2. We went to

14、the USA last Monday. Today is Monday . We _ (stay) in the USA since last Monday. have workedhave stayed總結(jié)現(xiàn)在完成時：總結(jié)現(xiàn)在完成時：1、構(gòu)成：、構(gòu)成：have / has +過去分詞過去分詞。2、概念：、概念：(1)表示過去或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在表示過去或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在 成的影響或結(jié)果。成的影響或結(jié)果。常與下列狀語連用常與下列狀語連用:already, just, yet, ever, never, before(2)表示過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，可以和表表示過去

15、已經(jīng)發(fā)生，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括示從過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括“現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)）的一在內(nèi)）的一段時間的狀語連用。段時間的狀語連用。 a.for和表示一段時間的詞組連用。和表示一段時間的詞組連用。如：如：for 3 years b.since和表示過去某一和表示過去某一時間點/since引導(dǎo)從句(一般過去時）。如：如：since 1997, since two years ago,since last week so far（到目前為止）（到目前為止）不能說不能說: *He has come to Beijing for two years. *He

16、has bought that book for three weeks. *He has joined the Army for one and a half years.*His grandma has died for nine months.* I have received his letter for a month.可以說可以說:He has been in Beijing for two years. He has had that book for three weeks. He has been in the army for one and a half years. H

17、is grandma has been dead for nine months.I havent received his letter for almost a month.比較現(xiàn)在完成時和過去時的區(qū)別：比較現(xiàn)在完成時和過去時的區(qū)別：*現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的是過去的發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的是過去的發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以造成的影響和結(jié)果，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如：不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如：yesterday，last night, three weeks ago, in 1990。*一般過去時表示的是過去發(fā)生的

18、動作或狀態(tài)，和一般過去時表示的是過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，它可以和表示過去的時間狀語現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，它可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用。連用。I have seen the film.(我了解這部電影的內(nèi)容。我了解這部電影的內(nèi)容。)I saw the film last week.（只說明上星期看了這部（只說明上星期看了這部電影，不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況。）電影，不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況。）3. 現(xiàn)在完成時把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果聯(lián)系起來，現(xiàn)在完成時把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果聯(lián)系起來， 一般過去時只限于表示過去的動作本身一般過去時只限于表示過去的動作本身, 與現(xiàn)在與現(xiàn)在 的結(jié)果無關(guān)。的結(jié)果無關(guān)?，F(xiàn)在完

19、成時與一般過去時在意義上現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時在意義上 的區(qū)別舉例如下：的區(qū)別舉例如下： I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已經(jīng)打掃過我的房間了。我已經(jīng)打掃過我的房間了。 I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打掃了我的房間。我上周打掃了我的房間。 Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and he is not here now.) 爸爸已經(jīng)去廈門了。爸爸已經(jīng)去廈門了。 They have bought a d

20、ictionary. (They bought a dictionary and they have it now.) 他們買了一本字典。他們買了一本字典。注意注意: 現(xiàn)在完成時不能和明確指出時間的狀語現(xiàn)在完成時不能和明確指出時間的狀語(如如: yesterday, last, year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when she came in 等等)連用連用，但可以和不明確指出時間的狀語但可以和不明確指出時間的狀語(如如: already, yet, ever, never, sometimes, always, often, before, re

21、cently, lately等等)連用連用；也可以和表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間狀語也可以和表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間狀語(如：如：today, this morning, this week, this year等等)連用連用。everjustalreadyyete.g. Have you _been to Japan? I have _ finished my homework. I have finished my homework _. I havent finished my homework _.B. just, already, yet, before/ ever, never有此有此類副

22、詞時類副詞時,常強調(diào)動作完成常強調(diào)動作完成,不強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)不強調(diào)動作的持續(xù). ( 1).for+表示表示一段一段時間的短語時間的短語 ( 2).since+表示表示過去時間點過去時間點的詞語的詞語 ( 3).since+表示過去時間的時間狀語表示過去時間的時間狀語從句從句eg.I have been a teacher _ a year. He has been at this school _ 1992. We have learned 1,000 English words _ we came to this school.forsincesince現(xiàn)在完成時句中常見的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時

23、句中常見的時間狀語A.表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 不能是具體不能是具體 的過去時間。的過去時間。過去分詞的構(gòu)成 2,不規(guī)則動詞.參看137頁 不規(guī)則動詞表 4a Use the words in brackets to complete the conversations.1. A: Would you like something to drink? B: No, thanks. _. (just/ drink some tea)2. A: I heard you lost your key. _? (find) B: No, not yet.I have just

24、drunk some teaHave you found it3. A: Do you know when Tom is leaving? B: _. (already/ leave) A: When _? (leave) B: This morning.4. A: Is your sister going to the movies with us tonight? B: No. _. (already/ see the film)He has already leftdid he leaveShe has already seen the film5. A: What do your pa

25、rents think about our plan? B: I _. (not/ tell them/yet)havent told them yet4b Sally _ (love) reading. In the morning she reads the newspaper and in the evening she reads books. She _ already _ (read) more than 100 different books. Her favorite kind of books is science fiction. She is interested in

26、science and technology and loves to imagine what the world _ (be) like in 50 years. She _ (finish) reading a book about robots last week and _ (write) a book report about it next week for her French class. Every time she is in the library, Sally looks at the many books she _ (not read) yet and she c

27、ant wait to read them.1.cant wait to do:迫不及待做某事，迫不及待做某事， My parents cant wait to see the result of my final exam.(1) cant help doing:禁不住禁不住- When my parents got the mark of my final exam, they couldnt help crying.loveshasreadwill befinishedwill writehasnt read4c. Complete the chart with information

28、about you and a friend.A: What books have you already read?B: Ive already read Tom Sawyer and Harry Potter.A: What do you think of them?B: Well, I think Harry Potter was exciting, but Tom Sawyer was a bit boring.I have waited for him for many times. 我等他等了好幾次了。我等他等了好幾次了。I have been waiting for him fo

29、r an hour. 我等他等了一小時。我等他等了一小時。He has drunk six cups of coffee. 他喝了六杯咖啡。他喝了六杯咖啡。He has been drinking coffee. 他一直在喝咖啡。他一直在喝咖啡。改寫句子改寫句子1.My father came back from the bookshop just now. My father _ just _ _ the book shop.2.He began to learn Chinese in 2001. He _ _ Chinese since 2001.3.The film began two

30、minutes ago. The film _ _ _ since two minutes ago.4.He has had the motorbike for two years. Its two years _he _ the motorbike. He _ the motorbike two years _. Two years _ _ since he _ the motor bike.hasreturned fromhaslearnedhas been on sinceboughtboughtagohas passedboughtfiction n. 小說小說 (不可數(shù)）不可數(shù)）te

31、chnology n. 科技，工藝科技，工藝 French n.法語法語Frence 法國法國French man達標(biāo)檢測題： 二、用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空二、用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空.1.I_already_(see)the film.I_(see)it last week.2._ he _(finish) his work today Not yet .3._you _(be)to Hong Kong Yes,I _(be)there twice .4._ you ever _(eat )chocolate sundaes?No,never.5.My father _just _(come

32、) back from work.He is tired now.haveseensawHasfinishedHavebeenhave been Haveeatenhascome 6.Wheres Li Ming?He_ (go)to the teachers office.7.Shanghai _(be) a small town hundreds of years ago.Now it _ (become) a large city.8.I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.9.So far I _ (make) quite a few

33、 friends here.10.How long _the Wangs _(stay) here?For two weeks. has gonewashas becomehave worked movedhave madehavestayed 句型轉(zhuǎn)換(每空一詞).1.I have been to Macau before.(改為否定句)I _ _ been to Macau before.2.He hasnt come to school because hes ill.(就劃線部分提問)_ _ he come to school?3.He has learned English for

34、5 years.(就劃線部分提問)_ _ _ _ learned English 4.I bought a new bike just now.(用just改寫)I _ just _ a new bike.5.We began to learn English three years ago.(改為同義句)We _ _English _three yearshave notWhy hasntHow long has hehaveboughthave learnedfor .用 already或 yet1) Have they taken down the old pictures _?No,n

35、ot _.2) Most of us have finished our compositions _3) He said he hadnt visited the exhibition _ yetyetalreadyyet 用 since或 for1) We have learned five lessons _the beginning of this term.2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital _last week.3) I have stayed at my aunts _two weeks.sincesincefor 用have gone或 have

36、been1) Where are the boy students They _to the school factory.2) Is your father in?No,he _ to Shenzhen._ he ever_there before?Yes,he _ there several times3) He asked me if I _ to Hangzhou before.I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I _never _ to that city before.have gonehas goneHasgo

37、nehas beenhave beenhavebeen 用用for 或或since填空填空1.Jill has been in Ireland_ last Monday.2.Jill has been in Ireland_ three days.3.My aunt has lived in Australia_ 15 days.4.Margaret is in her office.She has been there _7 oclock.5.India has been an independent country_ 1974.6.The bus is late.Weve been wai

38、ting_ 20 minutes.7.Nobody lives in those houses.They have been empty_many years.8.Mike has been ill a long time.He has been in hospital _ Octobersinceforforsincesinceforforsince 單項選擇。 1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him. A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know 2、He

39、 has _ been to Shanghai， has he ？ A. already B.never C.ever D. still 3、Have you met Mr Li _？ A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago 4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year. A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written 5、Our country _ a lot so far. Yes. I hope it will be even _.

40、 A. has changed ； well B. changed ； good C. has changed ； better D. changed ； betterBBCDC 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years. A. was ； studying B. will ； study C. has ； studied D. are ； studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl. A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew 8、H

41、arry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice. A. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see 9、These farmers have been to the United States. Really ？ When _ there ？ A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet？ Yes . I _ it a moment ago. A. Did； do； finished B.

42、Have； done； finished C. Have； done； have finished D. will； do； finishCCBBB 11、 His father _ the Party since 1978. A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in 12、Do you know him well ？ Sure.We _ friends since ten years ago. A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made 13、How long have you _ here？ About two months. A.