初三上學(xué)期期中備考課程(第三講：動(dòng)詞不定式)

1、第3講：動(dòng)詞不定式學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)1. 掌握動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語的基本用法。2. 掌握動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語以及和疑問詞連用構(gòu)成不定式短語的基本用法。3. 理解動(dòng)詞不定式作主語、表語、定語的基本用法。知識(shí)清單學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容 結(jié)構(gòu)：（to）+動(dòng)詞原形功能：動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中可以充當(dāng)以下六種句子成分，亦即：動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中可以充當(dāng)除謂語外的任何成分。動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能主語賓語表語定語狀語補(bǔ)語to do批注：（1）不定式的基本形式為：to +動(dòng)詞原形，有時(shí)可以不用to，這里的to是不定式符號(hào)，本身無詞義。 （2）否定形式是not +(to+)動(dòng)詞原形。例題講解 知識(shí)點(diǎn)1：不定式作賓語（）1一些謂語動(dòng)詞后只能

2、用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望的。跟不定式作賓語的常見動(dòng)詞有：agree（同意），want（想要），refuse（拒絕），offer（主動(dòng)提出），promise（答應(yīng)），choose（決定），decide（決定），determine（決心），fail（未履行），ask（要求），hope（希望），expect（期待），wish（希望），learn（學(xué)習(xí)），afford （付得起）， demand（要求），manage（設(shè)法）, prepare（準(zhǔn)備），begin（開始）， start（開始），forget（忘記）， remember（記?。?，like（喜歡），love（愛），

3、 try（嘗試），need（需要），seem（覺得好像），arrange（安排），attempt （試圖），plan（計(jì)劃），swear（發(fā)誓），tend（往往會(huì)），threaten（預(yù)示）舉例：I hope to become a teacher after graduation.The driver failed to see the other car in time.I happen to know the answer to your question.2.find，think，feel，consider 等后跟不定式作賓語時(shí)，常用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放在后面。即：主語+動(dòng)

4、詞+it+補(bǔ)語+to do句式。舉例：I find it difficult to learn English.We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.He feels it his duty to help the poor.3.常見的一些不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式why not do，why don t you do，had better(not) do，would rather do ，could/would/will you please (not) do舉例：I would rather sta

5、y in the room.例題1：We all hope _(see) you soon. Can you come this weekend? Asee B.to see C. seeing D.saw答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)2：動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語（）1.跟不定式做賓補(bǔ)的常見動(dòng)詞有：advise, wish, prefer, order, teach, get, expect, like, want, ask, encourage, invite, require, tell, help, allow, force舉例：My mother encourages me to learn Japan

6、ese.Father will not allow us to play on the street.2.還有一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞后面跟不帶to的不定式做賓補(bǔ)：一感（feel）,二聽（hear, listen to），三讓（make, let, have）,四看（look at,see, notice, , watch）舉例：He saw them play on the playground.批注：但是在這種情況下，變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)候必須加上to.舉例：I often see him go to school on foot.He is often seen to go to school

7、on foot. 例題2：My father asked me _ swimming with him, but I was too busy that day.A. to go B. go C. going D. went答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)3：動(dòng)詞不定式作主語不定式做主語，往往由it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末，常用于下列句式中。1.It+be+名詞+to doIts our duty to take good care of the old. 2.It takes sb+some time+to doHow long did it take you to finish the work?

8、3.It+be+形容詞+for sb+to doIt is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.4It +be+形容詞+of sb+to doIt is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says.在句型3中，常用表示客觀情況的形容詞，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等；在句型4中，常用careless,clever,good,

9、foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的詞。批注： 其他系動(dòng)詞，如look，appear等也可用于此句型。例題3. Its important us have enough sleep.A. too, to B. to, for C. for, to D. with, to答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)4：動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語1.表示目的to , only to (僅僅為了),in order to,so as to,so(such) as to (如此以便)舉例：To pass the exam, I must do my be

10、st to study.He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.I come here only to say good-bye to you.2.表示結(jié)果一般表示事先沒有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。舉例：He searched the room only to find nothing.She lived to see her grandson go to university.3.表示原因舉例：I am glad to see you.She was very happy to hear the good news.例題4：The news repo

11、rters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told答案： B.知識(shí)點(diǎn)5：動(dòng)詞不定式做定語1.不定式作定語時(shí)，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞之后。舉例：There are a lot of books to read.Do you have anything to say on the question?2.不定式與其修飾的詞之間一般都有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如果不定式是個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有介詞。舉例：He is a nice person to work wit

12、h.Would you please give me some paper to write on?例題5： At last, she asked the old man if he had . A. something to say B. everything to say C. something saying D. everything saying答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)6：動(dòng)詞不定式作表語不定式作表語表示具體動(dòng)作或?qū)韯?dòng)作；動(dòng)名詞作表語表示抽象的一般行為。舉例：The duties of a postman are to deliver letters and newspapers.To be

13、 kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.例題6：The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, _it more difficult. A. not making B. not make C. not to make D. nor to make 答案： C.知識(shí)點(diǎn)7：和疑問詞連用構(gòu)成不定式短語疑問詞who,what,which,when,where,w

14、hether,how后可接不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中作主語、賓語、表語等。如：1.When to leave for London has not been decided yet. （不定式在句子中做主語）2.Mr. Smith didnt know whether to leave or stay there. （不定式在句子中做賓語）3.I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. （不定式在句子中做直接賓語）4.The question was where to get the medicine needed. （不定式在句子中表語）

15、以上例句中疑問詞+不定式部分，均可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的從句形式。如：When we shall leavehow I could learn經(jīng)常在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中使用的動(dòng)詞有：consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。例題7：The little boy didnt know what , so he stood against the wall crying.A. do B. to do C. doing D. should答案： B.課堂練習(xí)1. The cha

16、ir looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to . A. sitB. sit onC. be seatD. be sat on2. -I usually go there by train. -Why not by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going3. Paul doesnt have to be made . He always works hard. A. learnB. to learnC.

17、 learned D. learning4. Tell him the window. A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut5. She pretended me when I passed by. A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen6. Mrs. Smith warned her daughter after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving

18、 D. never drive7. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him . A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to8. The patient was warned oily food after the operation. A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating9. She reached the top of the hill and stopped

19、on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest10. At last, she asked the old man if he had . A. something to say B. everything to say C. something saying D. everything saying 11. The little boy didnt know what , so he stood against the wall crying.A. do B. to

20、do C. doing D. should12. There are so many cars in the streets. -Yes, more and more people are to buy private cars.A. rather rich B. very rich C. enough rich D. rich enough13. Have you ever been to Japan? -Yes, I Japan last year. It was my first visit to Japan. A. has been to B. was going to C. have

21、 going to D. went to14. Dont the TV. The children are sleeping. A. turn off B. turn on C. turn down D. turn over15. The teacher told us any litter.A. dont throw B. not to throw C. not throw D. to not throw16. You look tired. Youd better earlier.A. go to bed B. to go to bed C. went to bed D. going to bed17. Its important us have enough sleep.A. too, to B. to, for C. for, to D. with,