初中動詞練習(xí)題

1、動詞（I） 重點知識歸納及講解 一、概述 動詞是表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞。句子中的謂語成分是由動詞充當(dāng)?shù)?，謂語通常是句中不可缺少的成分，因此動詞是英語詞類中最重要的一種。動詞可以通過本身的變化來表示動作發(fā)生的時間以及說話人的語氣、態(tài)度等。 1動詞的種類 動詞按其詞義和在句中的作用可以分為：行為動詞（或稱實義動詞）、連系動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞。詳見下表： 動詞分類 特征 例詞 例句 行 為 動 詞 vt./vi. 表示動作或狀態(tài)。有完整的詞義。能獨立作謂語。按其帶不帶賓語、分為及物動詞（帶賓語）和不及物動詞（不帶賓語）help幫助（vt.） see看見（vt.） go去（vi.） fly飛（vi.）

2、He often helps me. I can see a bird in the tree. Planes can fly. 連 系 動 詞 link v. 本身有詞義，但不能獨立作謂語，必須和表語一起構(gòu)成謂語（名詞性合成謂語） be是 look看起來 seem似乎 get變得 become變成，成為 He is an English teacher. They look the same. 助 動 詞 v. aux. 本身無詞義，不能獨立作謂語，只能和實義動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語?？捎脕肀硎痉穸?，疑問、時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣等。 be; have; do; will; shall He doesnt

3、speak English. We are playing basketball Do you have a brother? 情 態(tài) 動 詞 mod v. 本身有一定詞義，但不完整。不能獨立作謂語，只能和行為動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示說話人的態(tài)度 can; many; must; need; dare; will; would; shall; should She can speak a little English. May I come in? We must go now. 注意： 1）行為動詞又可分為及物動詞（vt.）和不及物動詞（vi.）兩種。及物動詞作謂語，后面必須跟賓語意思才完整。

4、不及物動詞作謂語，后面不能跟賓語，只有加上介詞后才可接賓語。 2）英語中有些動詞常常是既作及物動詞又作不及物動詞；既作連系動詞工作及物動詞。 例如： He speaks English very well. (vt.) 他英語講得好。 He spoke at the meeting. （vi.） 另外，動詞按其在句中能否作謂語，又可分為謂語動詞（finite verb）和非謂語動詞（non-finite verb）兩大類。 說明： 謂語動詞又稱限定動詞，非謂語動詞又稱非限定動詞。 非謂語動詞初中階段主要學(xué)習(xí)動詞不定式的用法。 2動詞的基本形式 英語動詞有五種基本形式，即動詞原形、過去式、過去分

5、詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：workworkedworkedworkingworks。它們的構(gòu)成及形式詳見下表。 形式 構(gòu)成 例詞 動詞原形 不帶to的動詞不定式形式（也就是詞典中一般給予的形式） be, have, do, come 過去式與過去分詞（規(guī)則變化） 1在動詞原形后加-ed 2以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞，先將y變?yōu)閕再加-ed 3以重讀閉音節(jié)一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的動詞，先雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母再加-ed workworked carrycarried stopstopped 現(xiàn)在分詞 1在動詞原形后加-ing 2以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，去掉e再加-ing3以重讀閉音節(jié)一個輔音字母結(jié)

6、尾的動詞，先雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母再加-ing 4少數(shù)幾個以ie結(jié)尾的動詞要變ie為y，再加-ing readreading writewriting swimswimming diedying 第三人稱單數(shù)形式 1在動詞原形后加-s 2以ch, sh, s, o, x結(jié)尾的動詞后加-es 3以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞，先將y變?yōu)閕，再加-es 4以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞后加-s runruns teachteaches washwashes gogoes passpasses trytries staystays 說明： 1）詞尾-ed在清輔音后讀t；在濁輔音和元音后讀d；在t和d后讀id。 2）

7、詞尾-es或-s在s 、z、t 、d 后面讀iz；在清輔音后讀s；在濁輔音及元音后讀z；在t，d后讀ts、dz。 3）不規(guī)則動詞的過去式與過去分詞則要根據(jù)不規(guī)則動詞表逐漸記住。 二、動詞的時態(tài) 在英語中，由于謂語動作發(fā)生的時間不同，或表達(dá)不同時間存在的狀態(tài)，謂語動詞都要發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化。這些動詞的變化形式就叫做動詞的時態(tài)。 初中階段主要學(xué)習(xí)，掌握以下八種時態(tài)。 1一般現(xiàn)在時 1）構(gòu)成 動詞一般現(xiàn)在時，除主語為單數(shù)第三人稱以外，謂語動詞一律用原形，若主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則謂語動詞的詞尾應(yīng)發(fā)生變化（加-s或-es）。另外be和have有特殊的人稱變化形式。 詳見下表： 動詞to be 動詞to ha

8、ve I am a student You are a student He (She) is a student. We (You, They) are students I have a pen. You have a pen. He (She) has a pen. We (You, They) have pens. 2）用法 a表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作、行為或存在的狀態(tài)。 常用的時間狀語有：often, usually, always, every day等。 I go to school every day except Sunday. 除了星期日，我每天上學(xué)。 There are fif

9、ty students in our class. 我們班上有五十個學(xué)生。 b表示主語的身份或特征。 His father is a doctor. 他的父親是醫(yī)生。 Tom is tall. 湯姆個子高。 c表示一種客觀事實或普遍真理 The earth is round. 地球是圓的. The sun is bigger than the moon. 太陽比月亮大。 d在條件狀態(tài)從句和時間狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。 If you dont go soon, youll be late. 如果你不快去的話，你就要遲到了。 I will wait for you until you c

10、ome back. 我將一直等到你回來。 2一般過去時 1）構(gòu)成 一般過去時其謂語動詞使用動詞過去式形式。 肯定式 否定式 疑問式 一般動詞 I (You, He, She, We, They) worked there. I (You, He, She, We, They) did not work there. Did you (I, he, she, we, they) work there? be動詞 I (He, She, It) was there. We ( You, They) were there I (He, She, It) was not there. We (You,

11、 They) were not there. Was I (he, she, it) there? Were you (we, they) there? have動詞 I (You, He, She, We, They) had books. I (You, He, She, We, They) had not/ didnt have any books Had I (you, he, she, we, they) any books?或Did I (you, he )have any books? 2）用法 a表示在過去某一時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示過去的時間狀語連用，如：yes

12、terday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, just now, upon a time, in 1989, in the old days, when I was at middle school等。 He left for Beijing yesterday morning. 他昨天上午到北京去了。 She wasnt at home last night. 她昨晚上在家。 Did you finish your work at four yesterday afternoon? 你昨天下午四點完成工作了嗎？ b表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作。

13、 I got up very early at that time. 我那時總是起得很早。 Mary always got up too late and never had enough time for breakfast when she was at middle school. 瑪麗上中學(xué)時總是起得很晚，從來都沒有足夠時間吃早飯。 3一般將來時 1）構(gòu)成 動詞一般將來時由助動詞shall或will加動詞原形構(gòu)成。shall用于第一人稱作主語，will用于第二、三人稱作主語。除英國以外的說英語的國家，在陳述句中，即使在第一人稱作主語時一般也使用助動詞will，在英國現(xiàn)在也有這種趨勢。在

14、口語中，shall，will?？s寫成Ill Youll, Well等。在否定句中，will not縮寫成wont shall not縮寫成shant。 肯定式 否定式 疑問式 I (We) shall / will go there I (We ) shall / will not go thereShall I (we) go there? You (He, She, They) will go there You (He, She, They) will not go there Will you (he, she, they) go there? 2）用法 a表示將要發(fā)生的動作行為或存在

15、的狀態(tài)。 常與表示將來的時間狀語連用，如：tomorrow, next time, next year, in a few days等。 Ill go and see her next Friday. 我下周五去看她。 He wont go there tomorrow morning. 他明天上午不到那兒去。 Will you do it again? 你再做一遍好嗎？ b有時沒有時間狀語，根據(jù)上下文判斷其謂語動作是將要發(fā)生的。 I dont know who will do it. 我不知道誰將做這件事。 Dont worry, he will be there on time. 別著急，

16、他會準(zhǔn)時在那兒。 c表示將來經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。 From now on Ill get up early every morning. 從今以后，我每天早晨早起。 注意： 1）表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，除了用上述的一般將來時外，還可以用be going to 來表示。be going to這個結(jié)構(gòu)表示：a即將發(fā)生的動作；b主語打算或準(zhǔn)備要做的事；c說話人根據(jù)已有的跡象判斷即將發(fā)生的事。be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)中的be隨著句子中主語的人稱而變化。 例如： We are going to learn English. 我們將學(xué)習(xí)英語。 How are you going to spend

17、your holidays? 你們打算怎樣度過假期？ Look at these black clouds. I think its going to rain. 看這些黑云，我想天要下雨了。 2）在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，一般將來時要用一般現(xiàn)在時代替。 例如： He will come to see you when he has time. 他有空時會來看你的。 They will ring you up as soon as they get back. 他們一回來就打電話給你。 4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 1）構(gòu)成 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時由助動詞be的人稱形式加動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。它的肯定式，否定式及疑問

18、式的結(jié)構(gòu)如下： 肯定式 否定式 疑問式 I am working now. I am not working now. Am I working now? You are working now. He (She) is working now. We (You, They) are working now. You are not working now. He (She) is not working now. We (You, They) are not working now. Are you working now? Is (he, she) working now? Are you

19、 (we, they) working now? 2）用法 a現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示說話時謂語的動作正在進(jìn)行。 Who are you waiting for? 你在等誰？ He knows that we are helping him now. 他知道我們現(xiàn)在正在幫助他 。 b在現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作，但不一定說話時動作正在進(jìn)行。 The students are working on the farm there days. 這些天學(xué)生們正在農(nóng)場勞動。 c有些動詞的進(jìn)行時態(tài)還可用來表示將來時。這類動詞有g(shù)o, come, leave, arrive, move, die等。 He is comin

20、g soon. 他不久就要來了。 Mary is arriving here at 4 o/clock this afternoon. 瑪麗今天下午四點到達(dá)這里。 注意： 1）表示狀態(tài)或感覺的動詞，如：know, love, like, want, hear, see, think等，一般沒有進(jìn)行時態(tài)，因為它們不能表示正在進(jìn)行的動作。但是，如果詞義發(fā)生變化，能表示一個正在進(jìn)行的動作，也可使用進(jìn)行時態(tài)。 例如： Stop, I am thinking. 停下來，我正在想問題呢。 2）無法延續(xù)動作的動詞，如：jump, begin, start, stop等一般不宜用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)。但是，若想表示動作

21、反復(fù)或即將發(fā)生，也可使用進(jìn)行時態(tài)。 例如： He is jumping up and down. 他一下一下地跳個不停。 5現(xiàn)在完成時 1）構(gòu)成 現(xiàn)在完成時由have的人稱形式加動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。它的肯定式、否定式及疑問式如下： 肯定式 否定式 疑問式 I (We, You, They ) have done it. He (She) has done it. I (We, You, They) have not done it. He (She) has not done it. Have you (they, I , we) done it? Has he (she) done it?

22、2）用法 a表示過去某一時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，對現(xiàn)在仍有影響。 She has been ill for three days. 她病了三天了。 He has already left. 他已經(jīng)走了。 b表示從過去某一時間開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。 Weve known each other since we were children. 我們從小就認(rèn)識。 注意： 在用already, always, yet, just, ever, never等副詞作狀語時，或者由for, since引起的短語作狀語或狀語從句時，句子的謂語動詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時。 區(qū)別： 1）have (has)

23、been to 與have (has) gone to have (has) been to +某地，表示到過某地，說明去過某地，說話時已經(jīng)回來了。 have (has) gone to +某地，說明去某地了，說話時還沒有回來。 例如： He has been to Beijing three times. 他去過北京三次。 He has gone to Shanghai. 他去上海了。 2）have (has) been to do sth. 還可以表示做過某事。have (has) gone to do sth.則表示去做某事了。 例如： He has been to see Tom in

24、 the hospital. 他去醫(yī)院看過湯姆。 He has gone to see Tom in the hospital. 他到醫(yī)院看湯姆去了。 3）have got雖然在形式上是現(xiàn)在完成時，卻和have是相同的意思。 例如： Have you got any book?=Do you have any book? 你有書嗎？ 6過去進(jìn)行時 1）構(gòu)成 過去進(jìn)行時由be動詞的過去式加動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。 2）用法 過去進(jìn)行時主要表示過去某個時刻或過去一段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作。過去進(jìn)行時常與表示過去的時間狀語如：then at that time, once, a moment ago等連用，

25、或者用另一動作表示過去的時間。 例如： I was writing a letter at home at seven yesterday evening. 我昨晚七點在家寫信。 He was watching TV when I came home yesterday evening. 昨天晚上回家時，他在家看電視。 7過去完成時 1）構(gòu)成 過去完成時由助動詞had加動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。 2）用法 過去完成時表示過去某一時間以前或過去某一動作以前已完成的動作，即過去的過去。 為了更容易理解過去完成時的時間概念，使之與過去時有明顯的區(qū)別，可見下面的時間示意圖。 例如： I had learne

26、d eight hundred English words by the end of last year. （在過去某一時間之前） 到去年年底之前，我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了八百個英語單詞。 He had finished his work before I came here.（在過去另一動作之前） 在我來這兒以前，他已經(jīng)完成了工作。 說明： 1）在包含when, as soon as, before, after, until等連詞的復(fù)合句中，若主句謂語和從句謂語所表示的過去的動作是在不同時間發(fā)生的，那么，先發(fā)生的動作用過去完成時，后發(fā)生的動作用一般過去時。 例如： I told them after

27、 you had left. 你走后我就告訴了他們。 I had been at the bus stop for twenty minutes when a bus finally came. 我在公共汽車站等了二十分鐘，汽車終于來了。 2）如果主句動作和從句動作緊接著發(fā)生，特別是連詞為after或before時，由于連詞本身很清楚地表明了動作發(fā)生的先后，兩個動作此時都可使用一般過去時來表示。 例如： After we said good-bye to them, we left the village. 在和他們告別后，我們就離開了村莊。 8過去將來時 1）構(gòu)成 過去將來時由助動詞shou

28、ld或would加動詞原形構(gòu)成。第一人稱用should，其他人稱用would。但目前在美、英等國也有第一人稱用would的情況。 2）用法 a過去將來時是個相對的時態(tài)，主要用于從過去某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的事情。常用在賓語從句中表示從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之后。 They said they would go to visit the second factory. 他們說他們將要去參觀第二個工廠。 The teacher told us that there would be a concert the next Tuesday. 老師告訴我們下周二將要有場音樂會。 b過去將來時也可由“was

29、 / were going to + 動詞原形”來表示。 She said she was going to see her uncle. 她說她要去看望她的叔叔。 c有些動詞的過去進(jìn)行時也可表示過去將來時。這一用法與某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示一般將來時的用法相同。 I didnt have much time to talk with you became I was leaving for Shanghai in two hours. 我沒有多少時間跟你談話了，因為再過兩個小時我就要動身去上海。 注意： “would+動詞原形”有時并不表示過去將來時，而表示一種客氣的請求。 例如： Woul

30、d you please open the window? 請把窗子打開好嗎？ 三、隨堂監(jiān)測A組 單項選擇： 1. Look! There _ some apples in that tree. A. is B. was C. are D. were 2Well have to clean the plates before Mother _ home. A. will come B. is coming C. come D. comes 3Will your mother _ you if you _ the English exam? Of course not. Because I am

31、 trying my best. A. be angry with; dont pass B. be angry with; wont pass C. be angry to; dont pass D. be angry to; wont pass 4Im sorry youve missed the train, it _ 10 minutes ago. A. left B. has left C. had left D. has been left 5. I dont think I _ you in that dress before. A. have seen B. was seein

32、g C. saw D. see 6. _ you _ to the radio? No, you can turn it off. A. Did; listen B. Have; listened C. Do; listen D. Are; listening 7. Wheres Mr Lee? I have something unusual to tell him. You _ find him. He _ Japan. A. may not; has gone to B. may not; has been to C. cant; has gone to D. cant; has bee

33、n to 8. I wont come to the party unless Sue _, too. You mean if Sue comes youll come? A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited 9. The world _. Things never stay the same. A. changes B. is changing C. was changing D. will change 10. Excuse me, does Mr Smiths son live here? He _ live here, b

34、ut he has moved. A. has to B. used to C. tried to D. happened to 11. The children planted more threes and flowers after they _ Greener China. A. joined B. took part in C. became D. were 12. Wheres Mr Zhang? He _ London. A. has been to B. has been C. has gone D. has gone to 13. Do you know if he _ to

35、 play basketball with us? I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be 14. May I speak to Mabel, please? Sorry. Shes _ Pairs. A. gone in B. been in C. gone to D. been to 15. My pen friend Phillip _ to see me from Australia. He will

36、 be here soon. A. comes B. came C. has come D. is coming 16. I wont go to the concert because I _ my ticket. A. lost B. dont lose C. have lost D. is coming 17. Do you know Jack well? Certainly, we _ friends since ten years ago. A. were B. have made C. have become D. have been 18. Where is Jim? He _

37、to the shop. Hell back in an hour. A. goes B. go C. has gone D. will go 19. Excuse me, look at the sign NO PHOTOS! Sorry, I _ it. A. dont see B. didnt see C. havent seen D. wont see 20. Jims father said to him, I hope you _ what I _ you to buy. A. didnt forget; told B. not to forget; have told C. wo

38、nt forget; have told D. havent forgotten; will tell 21. I like my new bike. It _ very well. A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden 22. A lot of trees _ along the river last year. A. planted B. are planted C. were planted 23. These books _ out of the reading room. You have to read them here

39、. A. must be taken B. cant take C. can take D. mustnt be taken 24. Whose CD player is this? Its mine. It _ me 800 yuan. A. took B. spent C. paid D. cost 25. May I _ you Chinese-English dictionary? Sorry, I _ it at home? A. borrow; forgot B. lend; left C. lend; forgot D. borrow; left 26. Can you _ a

40、little French? A. say B. talk C. speak D. tell 27. The internet _ it easy go get much new information in a short time. A. finds B. makes C. feels D. takes 28. Do you like the music The Moonlight Sonata? Yes, it _ really beautiful. A. feels B. sounds C. listens D. hears 29. Alice, we are going to spe

41、nd our holiday in Canada，if you _, we can go to China instead. A. hope B. wish C. prefer D. agree 30. Hello! Would you like to go to the concert with me tonight? Im sorry I cant Mother wont _ me to go out in the evening. A. let B. allow C. offer D. ask 31. Its too dark here. Please _ the light. A. t

42、urn back B. turn down C. turn on D. turn off 32. After finishing your paper, look it over to _ there are no mistakes. A. find out B. try out C. make sure D. think about 33. The baby is sleeping. Please _ the radio a little. A. turn down B. turn up C. turn on D. turn off 34. Look! The bus is coming.

43、But there are too many people. We cant _ it. A. get off B. get down C. get on D. get up 35. Dont _ your coat, Tom! Its easy to catch a cold in spring. A. take away B. take off C. take down D. take out 36. The trees must _ three times a week. A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters 四、隨堂監(jiān)測B組 I

44、I用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空： 1 They _ (visit) the museum last week. 2. Zhang Hong _ (make) many friends since she came to Paris. 3. She _ (go)to the cinema with her classmates tomorrow evening. 4. John is always busy. He _ (sleep) only six hours very night. 5. Stay here; boy; dont go out. It _ (rain) now. 6. She o

45、ften _ (do) her lessons after supper. 7. Hurry up! The train _ (leave) in five minutes. 8. They _ (arrive) in London on the night of April 30, 1989. 9. While we _ (talk) in the room, the light suddenly went out 10. They _ (learn) about 200 English words since this term. 11. The meeting _ already _ (

46、start) when we got there. 12. He _ (work) hard at English every day. 13. Put on your coat. The wind _ (blow) hard outside now. 14. I _ (not finish) my homework yet. 15. He _ (must send) to the hospital at once. 16. By the end of last year we _ (plant) 1,500 trees. 17. She _ (play) the piano when I w

47、ent to see her last night. 18. Ill tell him about i8t as soon as I _ (see) him. 19. She isnt at home, she _ (go) to Shanghai. 20. _ you _ (get) up early every morning this year? 21. The film _ (be) on for five minutes when I got to the cinema. 22. He said that light _ (ravel) much faster than sound. 23. How many Chinese words _ Mike _ (learn) since he got to Beijing? 24. The earth _ (move) around the sun. 25. The teacher said he _ (give) us a ta