新概念二45被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、A clear conscience 問(wèn)心無(wú)愧問(wèn)心無(wú)愧Lesson 45A clear conscienceI lost a I lost a large sum large sum of money.of money.What should we do when we lost money.Someone must have stolen my money.First watch the video and then answer the question. How did Sam get his money back?It was returned ,little by little ,b

2、y the villager who had found his wallet.Listen and anwser:1.This story is about _.A. Sam Benth B. Sam Benton C. Benth2.Did he found his wallet outside his front door ?A.Yes ,he did B. No ,he didnt3.How much money was sent to the owner in total ?A.100 per cent B.25 per cent C.75 per cent More questio

3、ns 1. What had been lost in the village . 2.Who lost the money? 3.Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers, but was it returned to him? 4.How long did the money begin to return back ? 5.How much money was contained in the newspaper? 6.Was all the money returned back?

4、Words1.clear adj. kli adj.晴朗的晴朗的, 清澈的；無(wú)愧的清澈的；無(wú)愧的, 清白的；清白的；清楚的清楚的, 明白的；暢通的明白的；暢通的, 無(wú)阻的無(wú)阻的 eg:透明的玻璃透明的玻璃_ 山上清澈的湖水山上清澈的湖水_ 晴朗的天空晴朗的天空 _ 潔凈的臉潔凈的臉_ 有著明亮眼睛的孩子有著明亮眼睛的孩子_ adj.易看清的或聽(tīng)清的易看清的或聽(tīng)清的 a clear sound adj.易懂的，明白的易懂的，明白的 a clear meaning2.conscience n. knns 良心，道德心良心，道德心Have a clear conscience問(wèn)心無(wú)愧問(wèn)心無(wú)愧have

5、 a guilty conscience/have a bad conscience 有愧于心有愧于心have no conscience沒(méi)良心沒(méi)良心search ones heart /search onee conscience 捫心自問(wèn)捫心自問(wèn)eg:不做虧心事，不怕半夜鬼敲門(mén)。不做虧心事，不怕半夜鬼敲門(mén)。 A clear conscience never fears midnight knocking. 3.wallet n. 錢(qián)包錢(qián)包 purse 女士錢(qián)包女士錢(qián)包 handbag 手提包手提包 4.savings n. 存款存款saving bank 儲(chǔ)蓄銀行儲(chǔ)蓄銀行saving ac

6、count 儲(chǔ)蓄存款賬戶(hù)儲(chǔ)蓄存款賬戶(hù)He has small savings.他的存款很少。他的存款很少。eg: 他用存的錢(qián)買(mǎi)了這輛自行車(chē)。他用存的錢(qián)買(mǎi)了這輛自行車(chē)。 He used his savings to buy the bike .5. villager n. vilid村民村民village n.村，村莊（有教堂）村，村莊（有教堂） hamlet n.小村莊（無(wú)教堂）小村莊（無(wú)教堂）adj.村莊的村莊的 a fishing village 漁村漁村 village life鄉(xiāng)村生活鄉(xiāng)村生活 the village村民村民(集集合說(shuō)法）合說(shuō)法） eg.The whole villag

7、e is going to welcome the foreigner.-er通常指的是職業(yè)：通常指的是職業(yè)：reporter,reader,teacher,writer.6. per cent psent百分之百分之 seven percent eg.More than 40percent of the students wear glasses. a 20 percent discount打打8折折 a thirty percent increase增加百分之三十增加百分之三十 eg: 我百分之百同意。我百分之百同意。 I am 100 per cent in agreement .pay

8、 back（1）償還：）償還：All Sams money was paid back in this way.薩姆全部的錢(qián)都用這樣的方式還了回來(lái)。薩姆全部的錢(qián)都用這樣的方式還了回來(lái)。Yesterday Sam borrowed some money from me and said that he would pay me back in a week.昨天薩姆從我這里借了些錢(qián)，并說(shuō)一周昨天薩姆從我這里借了些錢(qián)，并說(shuō)一周后還我。后還我。pay back（2）報(bào)答；向）報(bào)答；向報(bào)復(fù)：報(bào)復(fù)：Youve been very kind to me. How can I pay you back? 你

9、對(duì)我太好了。我如何報(bào)答你呢？你對(duì)我太好了。我如何報(bào)答你呢？He embarrassed me at the party. Ill pay him back someday.在晚會(huì)上他讓我難堪了。總有一天我會(huì)在晚會(huì)上他讓我難堪了?？傆幸惶煳視?huì)報(bào)復(fù)他的。報(bào)復(fù)他的。steal與與robsteal指指“偷盜偷盜”、“竊取竊取”，其行為通常是，其行為通常是偷偷地、不為別人所發(fā)覺(jué)；偷偷地、不為別人所發(fā)覺(jué)；rob則指則指“搶奪搶奪”、“搶劫搶劫”，其行為通常是明目張膽的：，其行為通常是明目張膽的：The man who stole my wallet took my address book as well

10、. 偷走我錢(qián)包的那個(gè)人把我的通訊錄也拿走了。偷走我錢(qián)包的那個(gè)人把我的通訊錄也拿走了。I lost my address book when that man robbed me of my bag.當(dāng)那人搶走我的包時(shí)，我的通訊錄也沒(méi)了。當(dāng)那人搶走我的包時(shí)，我的通訊錄也沒(méi)了。They took the risk of being arrested and robbed the bank. 他們冒著被逮捕的危險(xiǎn)搶劫了那家銀行。他們冒著被逮捕的危險(xiǎn)搶劫了那家銀行。注意注意 steal和和 rob與介詞的不同搭與介詞的不同搭配：配：steal(sth.) from(sb./ some place)，

11、rob(sb.) of(sth.)。thief小偷小偷 pickpocket 扒手扒手 burglar夜盜夜盜 robber強(qiáng)盜強(qiáng)盜 highwayman（舊時(shí)）攔路搶舊時(shí)）攔路搶劫的強(qiáng)盜劫的強(qiáng)盜 steal sth from sb/ steal sth from sp從某人從某人/某某處處 偷來(lái)偷來(lái) eg:A thief broke into the building last night and stole some money from the safe.rob sb of sth搶了某人的東西搶了某人的東西 eg:Two thieves attacked him last night

12、and robbed him of all his money.Language points1The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost.主從復(fù)合句，主從復(fù)合句，that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。 （1）village在這里為總稱(chēng)，指在這里為總稱(chēng)，指“村民村民”，the whole village指指“全村的人全村的人”，后面通，后面通常跟單數(shù)動(dòng)詞（有時(shí)也可視為復(fù)數(shù)）常跟單數(shù)動(dòng)詞（有時(shí)也可視為復(fù)數(shù)） eg:這消息使全村的人興奮。這消息使全村的人興奮。The whole village was e

13、xcited by the news.（2）learn在句中的含義為在句中的含義為“獲獲悉悉”、“得知得知”：我剛剛得知她病了。我剛剛得知她病了。Ive just learnt that she was ill.3Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office. 簡(jiǎn)單句。簡(jiǎn)單句。while 引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)while he was taking his savings to the post office。現(xiàn)在分詞這樣用的

14、前提是?，F(xiàn)在分詞這樣用的前提是兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)，并且這兩個(gè)兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)，并且這兩個(gè)動(dòng)作通常是同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作通常是同時(shí)發(fā)生的.他一邊打掃房間一邊聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。他一邊打掃房間一邊聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。He listened to music while cleaning the room.如果是主語(yǔ)不一致則必須用從句：如果是主語(yǔ)不一致則必須用從句：我打掃房間時(shí)，他在聽(tīng)音樂(lè)我打掃房間時(shí)，他在聽(tīng)音樂(lè)He listened to music while I was cleaning the room.4Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by

15、one of the villagersmust用于對(duì)過(guò)去已發(fā)生的事進(jìn)行推測(cè)時(shí)，用于對(duì)過(guò)去已發(fā)生的事進(jìn)行推測(cè)時(shí)，后面的動(dòng)詞要用完成式后面的動(dòng)詞要用完成式我到這兒的時(shí)候他已不在了。他一定早我到這兒的時(shí)候他已不在了。他一定早走了。走了。When I arrived, he wasnt here. He must have left early.find +n+adj : 發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn).為為.eg.I found my cat asleep in my bed.eg.After a long search,we found the boy safe and sound.(安然無(wú)恙）安然無(wú)恙）find+n

16、+adv /prepeg.You find penguins in the Antarctic.(南極的）南極的）eg.Cherry trees are found in the most parts of Japan.find +nWrap （1）v.包裹包裹(wrapped,wrapped) eg.The girl wrapped up the Christmas gift. eg.He wrapped himself up in a blanket. （2）V.把把.纏繞，把纏繞，把披在披在 eg.She wrapped a bath towel around the baby.Be w

17、rapped up in全神貫注于全神貫注于eg.He was wrapped up in watching TV.5it contained half the money he had lost, 我們既可以說(shuō)我們既可以說(shuō) half the money，也可以，也可以說(shuō)說(shuō) half of the money，它們可以互相替，它們可以互相替代，但是代，但是money前都必須有前都必須有the，因?yàn)?，因?yàn)槭侵柑囟ǖ腻X(qián)。再如：是指特定的錢(qián)。再如：這面包有一半已變質(zhì)了。這面包有一半已變質(zhì)了。Half the bread/ half of the bread was bad.Half（1）half,a

18、ll ,boh均稱(chēng)為前限定詞，位均稱(chēng)為前限定詞，位于其他限定詞（于其他限定詞（my,her,these,those等）等）之前，這時(shí)之前，這時(shí)of可省略。可省略。 eg.She spends half (of)her time traveling.（2）代詞前始終用）代詞前始終用half of eg.Only half of us could come last night.6In time, all Sams money was paid back in this way. 含一般過(guò)去式的簡(jiǎn)單句。含一般過(guò)去式的簡(jiǎn)單句。（1）in time可以表示可以表示“經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間”或或“最終

19、最終”、“遲早遲早”： 我最終總有一天會(huì)把一切都告訴你我最終總有一天會(huì)把一切都告訴你的。的。 Ill tell you everything in time.（2）in this way表示表示“用這樣的方式用這樣的方式”： eg:必須注意你的拼寫(xiě)必須注意你的拼寫(xiě),這樣你才能最終成為這樣你才能最終成為一個(gè)一個(gè) 好秘書(shū)。好秘書(shū)。 You must pay attention to your spelling. In this way, you can become a good secretary in time. in a way在某一方面來(lái)說(shuō)；在某種意義上在某一方面來(lái)說(shuō)；在某種意義上eg:Y

20、oure correct in a way.有點(diǎn)，有幾分有點(diǎn)，有幾分wg:She is strange in a way.Text The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost. Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office. Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the vil

21、lagers, but it was not returned to him. Three months passed, and then one morning, Sam found his wallet outside his front door. It had been wrapped up in newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost, together with a note which said: A thief, yes, but only 50 per cent a thief! Two months lat

22、er, some more money was sent to Sam with another note: Only 25 per cent a thief now! In time, all Sams money was paid back in this way. The last note said: I am 100 per cent honest now!1)概念: 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài),即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者2)結(jié)構(gòu): 主語(yǔ)+ 助動(dòng)詞 be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其它3)時(shí)態(tài)要求:助動(dòng)詞 be 必須與主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)一致,

23、常用的時(shí)態(tài)有八種.4)用法:在不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,或者沒(méi)有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者.Active voice and Passive voiceMany people speak English. English is spoken by many people. S V.O.動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者動(dòng)作動(dòng)作動(dòng)作接受者動(dòng)作接受者動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者動(dòng)作動(dòng)作動(dòng)作接受者動(dòng)作接受者1. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成動(dòng)作動(dòng)作接受者接受者amisare+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的過(guò)去分詞主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+(by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者）動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者）動(dòng)作動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者執(zhí)行者動(dòng)作動(dòng)作一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):

24、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,賓賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。當(dāng)動(dòng)作的承受者作主語(yǔ)當(dāng)動(dòng)作的承受者作主語(yǔ)時(shí)時(shí),就構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。就構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成： be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞1. We speak English. English is spoken by us. 2. Mother makes some cakes. Some cakes are madeby mother.(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))2. They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were boug

25、ht (by them) last term.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)：S+was/were +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞3Amy can take good care of Gina Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：S+ can/may/must/should + be+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞4.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)：S+ will+be+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞5.Some work

26、ers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： S+ am/is/are + being +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞6We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： S+ have/has + been+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞7I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night My homework was being done

27、(by me) at 8:00 last night.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)： S+ was/were+being+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞那么，什么時(shí)候試用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)呢？那么，什么時(shí)候試用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)呢？一般來(lái)說(shuō)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用于一下幾一般來(lái)說(shuō)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用于一下幾種情況：種情況：2. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法2. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法1）要表達(dá)）要表達(dá) “被被.”、 “受受.”、 “遭遭.”、 “讓讓.”之類(lèi)的語(yǔ)義。如：之類(lèi)的語(yǔ)義。如：教師很受人尊敬教師很受人尊敬。Teachers are well respected.這孩子很招人喜愛(ài)。這孩子很招人喜愛(ài)。The child is well loved by people.2

28、）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作接受者。如：）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作接受者。如：他遠(yuǎn)近聞名。他遠(yuǎn)近聞名。He is known far and wide.3）不知道或者沒(méi)有必要之處動(dòng)作）不知道或者沒(méi)有必要之處動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如：的執(zhí)行者。如：房子每天有人打掃。房子每天有人打掃。The room is cleaned every day.各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：一般將來(lái)時(shí)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：S+am/is /are +P.P（過(guò)去分詞）（過(guò)去分詞）S+was/were +P.P.S

29、+ can/may/must/should + be+ P.P.S+ will+be+ P.P.S+ am/is/are + being + P.P.S+ have/has + been+ P.P.S+ was/were+being+ P.P.課堂練習(xí)課堂練習(xí)（一）改寫(xiě)句子（一）改寫(xiě)句子1. We plant trees in spring every year. _ by us in spring every year.2. She posted the letter yesterday. _ by her yesterday.3. Mr Turner gave me a birthday

30、present. _a birthday present by Mr Turner.4. He is drawing a picture. _ by him.5. You may hand in your homework tomorrow. _ by you tomorrow.6. She is going to write a letter. _ by her.Trees are plantedThe letter was postedI was givenA picture is being drawnYour homework may be handed inA letter is g

31、oing to be written7. I have given you the new book. _ to you.8. Her bag cannot be found by her. _ her bag.9. Do you often hear her sing Russian songs? _Russian songs by you?10. She doesnt let her son swim in the river. _ in the river by her.11. The bridge was being built by them at this time last ye

32、ar. _ the bridge at this time last year.12. Does she often sing the song? _ by her?The new book has been givenShe cannot findIs she often heard to singHer son isnt let to swimThey were buildingIs the song often sung中考英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)題中考英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)題 1.The new computers_ to the village school as presents las

33、t month.A. are given B. gave C. given D. were given2.When _ this kind of computer_?-Last year.A. did;use B. was;used C. is;used D. are;used 3 This English song_ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung4 The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith.A. can mend B.

34、can mendedC. can be mend D. can be mended5 The papers _ to them.A. were shown B. show C. shown D. have shown6 What time _ the door _ every day?A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close1. Last year vegetables _ (grow) in the garden by Tom and he _ (sell) them himself. 2. She _ (help)hi

35、m with his homework tomorrow evening. 3. How many magazines _ ( can borrow )in your library every week ? 答案：答案：were grown soldwill helpcan be borrowed 5. Who _ (save) her father yesterday? He _ (save) by that policeman. 6. The doctor _ (send for) because his grandpa was ill. 答案：答案：saved /was saved/was sent for 一、系動(dòng)詞一、系動(dòng)詞 taste, smell, feel, sound, prove等可用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。如等可用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。如:1這些花聞起來(lái)很香。這些花聞起來(lái)很香。2那聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有道理。那聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有道理。3那食物嘗起來(lái)很可口。那食物嘗起來(lái)很可口。These flowers smell sweet.That sounds very reasonable. The food tastes delicious.二、某些與二、某些與 cant wont