初二英語(yǔ)第十次課

1、 It的用法，主謂一致第十次課 一、用來(lái)表示時(shí)間、天氣、地點(diǎn)、距離、一、用來(lái)表示時(shí)間、天氣、地點(diǎn)、距離、環(huán)境、形勢(shì)、還可指未知的人等。例如：環(huán)境、形勢(shì)、還可指未知的人等。例如： It is two miles to the beach.It was raining in the morning. If its convenient, I can see you tomorrow.It was very noisy at the very moment.Someone is knocking at the door. Go and see who it is .it表示時(shí)間常用于句型：表示時(shí)間常

2、用于句型： 1、 It is/has been一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間since 從句（用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)）從句（用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)） It was 一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間 since 從句從句 （用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)）（用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)） 用用meet 的適當(dāng)形式填空的適當(dāng)形式填空例如：例如： 1）It is/has been many years since I you last in London. 2）It was a long time since I you last in London.methad met It is five months since I arrived in New York.我到紐約已

3、經(jīng)五個(gè)月了。我到紐約已經(jīng)五個(gè)月了。It is five months since I was in New York.我離開(kāi)紐約已經(jīng)五個(gè)月了。我離開(kāi)紐約已經(jīng)五個(gè)月了。（注意：終止性動(dòng)詞表示從動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)算起；（注意：終止性動(dòng)詞表示從動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)算起；如果是狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞或持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則從動(dòng)作或如果是狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞或持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則從動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時(shí)算起。）狀態(tài)結(jié)束時(shí)算起。） 2、 It is/ will be + 一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間 + before 從句從句(用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)) It was +一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間+before從句從句 （用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)）（用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)）表示表示“在（做某事）前過(guò)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在

4、（做某事）前過(guò)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，或，或“過(guò)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才過(guò)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才”。如：。如：But it _more than 100 years before the country begins once again to look as it did before. will be二、用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到過(guò)的事物二、用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到過(guò)的事物 如：如：The train has arrived. It arrived half an hour ago.注：區(qū)分注：區(qū)分 it one that 1. I was disappointed with the film ，I had expec

5、ted _ to be much betterAthat Bthis Cone Dit2. I prefer a flat in Inverness to _ in Perth, because I want to live near my Moms.A. one B. that C. it D. this3.The air of a suburb is cleaner than _of a city.A. one B. that C. it D. those三、指代不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等，用作形三、指代不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等，用作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)。如：式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)。如： It is n

6、ot easy to finish the work in two days.It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is a pity that you didnt read the book.I think it no use arguing with him.I found it very interesting to study English.He made it clear that he was not interested in that subject.注意：it 用在不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞，尤其是表示好、惡的動(dòng)詞，如：enjoy, l

7、ike, hate, cant help, appreciate, see to(注意到，務(wù)必) 1.I will appreciate it if you help me. 2.please see to it that you bring enough money when you go out.1. We must make _ to the public that something should be done to stop pollution.A.What is clear B. it is clearC. it clear D. that clear2. I hate _ wh

8、en people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. these D. them3. _ one day they will have enough animals to set them free.A. It is hoped for B. what is hoped thatC. As is hoped that D. It is hoped that 四、四、it 用來(lái)引起強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用來(lái)引起強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分 +that/who Is/Was it + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分 +that/w

9、ho?特殊疑問(wèn)詞特殊疑問(wèn)詞+is/was it that/who?I didnt meet her in the street until May.It was in the street that I didnt meet her until May.It was not until May that I met her in the street.比較：比較： It is in a small factory that my brother is going to work.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)句型) It is a small factory where my brother is going

10、 to work.（定語(yǔ)從句）（定語(yǔ)從句）1. It was in the school, _ I once studied, _we held a party.A. when/that B. in which/ that C. that/where D. that/in which 2. It was five oclock in the afternoon _ they climbed up to the top of the mountain Asince Bwhen Cthat Duntil3.-_you got to know I traveled to the USA?-Throu

11、gh one of your colleagues.A. Where it was that B. When it was that C. How was it that D. Why was it that綜合練習(xí)綜合練習(xí)1.As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _ her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town. A. this B. that C. one D. it 2. _ is our belief that improvements in health

12、care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. (2006 浙江)A. What B. That C. This D. It3. Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. A. that B. it C. this D. you (2006 山東) 4. I dont like working late into the night, but I cant help _. A. so B. that C. it D. them.5.

13、The doctor advised strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help.A. it B. she C. which D. he6. Cars do cause us some health problems in fact far more serious _ than mobile phones do. A. one B. ones C. it D. those 7. -He was nearly drown once.-When was _ -_ was in 1998 when he was in midd

14、le school. A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This8. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _I will always treasure.A. that B. one C. it D. what (2002 全國(guó))含有含有“It is ”的句型的句型1. It is time (for sb.) to do sth. It is (high) time that sb. did/should do sth.2. It i

15、s + 形容詞（形容詞（+of / for sb.）+ to do sth. 通常用通常用 of的詞有的詞有brave、clever、careful、 hopeless、kind、good、naughty、nice、 silly、stupid、foolish、wise等。等。3. It is + 形容詞形容詞 + that + sb. + (should) do sth.（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）能用于這個(gè)句型的形容詞有能用于這個(gè)句型的形容詞有strange、wonderful、natural、good、proper、right、wrong、well、fortunate、important、ne

16、cessary、useless、likely、probable、impossible等。有時(shí)可省去等。有時(shí)可省去should而直接用動(dòng)詞原形。而直接用動(dòng)詞原形。 It is important that we should pay close attention to grain.It is natural that he（should）say so.4. It is no use/ good + doing sth. It is no use trying again = It is of no use to try again.5. It is said/reported/announce

17、d/ (well) known /believed thatIt is believed that proper morning exercises are good for our health.6. It is /was/will be the first/second/third time that It is the first time that I have been here. It was the second time that he had seen the film.7. It is up to sb. to do sth 應(yīng)由某人做應(yīng)由某人做 某事。某事。 It is

18、up to you to decide whether we start or not.1. 由由and 連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，連接的并列成分指的是同一概念， 兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)。兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. (那個(gè)工人兼作家那個(gè)工人兼作家) (比較：比較：The worker and the writer are from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家那位工人和那位作家) Bread and butter is a daily food in the West. 2. 1) Every and (every)

19、2) each and (each 3)no and (no), 4) many a and (many a)連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 Every desk and every chair is made of wood. Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake. 3. one/every one /each/either/ the number+of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)， Each of the students has a book. 謂謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。4. clothin

20、g, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等無(wú)生命的等無(wú)生命的集合集合 名詞作主語(yǔ)。名詞作主語(yǔ)。 Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area. 5. 以以s 結(jié)尾的詞，但表示學(xué)科、國(guó)家、機(jī)構(gòu)、結(jié)尾的詞，但表示學(xué)科、國(guó)家、機(jī)構(gòu)、 書(shū)籍、報(bào)刊等名稱作主語(yǔ)。書(shū)籍、報(bào)刊等名稱作主語(yǔ)。 6. 表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢(qián)、等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢(qián)、等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)， 表達(dá)一個(gè)整體概念時(shí)。表達(dá)一個(gè)整體概念時(shí)。 Twenty years has passed since h

21、e left his hometown. 7. 由由any-,some-,no-和和-one,-thing,-body等所構(gòu)成等所構(gòu)成 的不定代詞作主語(yǔ)。的不定代詞作主語(yǔ)。 8. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)。 Collecting stamps is what he likes. Whatever was left was taken away. 9. 單數(shù)名詞、抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞作主語(yǔ)。單數(shù)名詞、抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞作主語(yǔ)。 1. 由由and 連接的兩個(gè)并列成分表示兩個(gè)不同連接的兩個(gè)并列成分表示兩個(gè)不同 的概念。的概念。 Both bread and butte

22、r are sold out. 2. people , police, cattle 等有生命的集體名詞等有生命的集體名詞 作主語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)。 The police are looking for the missing child. 3. goods, stairs, arms 等名詞作主語(yǔ)。等名詞作主語(yǔ)。 4. 由山脈、群島、瀑布、運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)等由山脈、群島、瀑布、運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)等s 結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語(yǔ)。結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語(yǔ)。 The Olympic Games are held once every four years. 5. a number of /quantities of /a group

23、of +名詞作主語(yǔ)。名詞作主語(yǔ)。 1. 集體名詞集體名詞class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public , government, majority, group等作主語(yǔ)。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體用單數(shù)，指?jìng)€(gè)個(gè)成員用等作主語(yǔ)。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體用單數(shù)，指?jìng)€(gè)個(gè)成員用復(fù)數(shù)。復(fù)數(shù)。 His family is a great one. His family are music lovers. 2. means, works, pains等詞，根據(jù)主語(yǔ)表達(dá)的概等詞，根據(jù)主語(yǔ)表達(dá)的概念而定。念而定。

24、The steel works is near the station. Two new steel works are being built. 3. 作主語(yǔ)，以這些名詞本身的單復(fù)數(shù)而作主語(yǔ)，以這些名詞本身的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。定。 4. all, none, some, any 等不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。等不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。 All are present . All the food tastes good. 5. 作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ): 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和 of 之后的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。之后的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。 Not only he but also I

25、am invited. Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress. 置于主語(yǔ)后，謂語(yǔ)置于主語(yǔ)后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般仍和前面的名詞在單復(fù)數(shù)上動(dòng)詞一般仍和前面的名詞在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。保持一致。 The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.1His family _ a small one2His family _ fat and short Ais，is Bare，are Cis，are Dare，is 此題應(yīng)選此題應(yīng)選 。family是一個(gè)集合名詞，具有單是一個(gè)集合名詞，具

26、有單數(shù)數(shù)(側(cè)重指整體側(cè)重指整體)和復(fù)數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)(側(cè)重指?jìng)€(gè)體側(cè)重指?jìng)€(gè)體)兩種可能。類兩種可能。類似這種用法的詞主要的有：似這種用法的詞主要的有： team(隊(duì)，隊(duì)員隊(duì)，隊(duì)員)，class(班，班上的全體學(xué)生班，班上的全體學(xué)生)，crowd(人群人群)，government(政府政府)，crew(乘務(wù)乘務(wù)員員 ) ， c o m m i t t e e ( 委 員 會(huì) ， 委 員 們委 員 會(huì) ， 委 員 們 ) ，audience(聽(tīng)眾聽(tīng)眾)等：等： This class consists of 45 students. Mr Green teaches it 這個(gè)班這個(gè)班45個(gè)學(xué)生，由格林先生教

27、。個(gè)學(xué)生，由格林先生教。 This class are all diligent. Mr Green teaches them. 這個(gè)班的學(xué)生都很用功，由格林先生這個(gè)班的學(xué)生都很用功，由格林先生教。教。 It was late, but the audience was increasing.時(shí)間很遲了，但聽(tīng)眾人數(shù)卻在增加。時(shí)間很遲了，但聽(tīng)眾人數(shù)卻在增加。 The audience were all moved to tears.聽(tīng)眾都感動(dòng)得流了淚。聽(tīng)眾都感動(dòng)得流了淚。 The team is the best in the league這個(gè)隊(duì)在聯(lián)賽中打得最好。這個(gè)隊(duì)在聯(lián)賽中打得最好。 The

28、 football team are having baths足球隊(duì)隊(duì)員們?cè)谙丛?。足球?duì)隊(duì)員們?cè)谙丛琛?但是并不是所有的集合名詞都具有以上兩種用法：但是并不是所有的集合名詞都具有以上兩種用法： 1. 有的集合名詞總是用作單數(shù)有的集合名詞總是用作單數(shù)(不可數(shù)不可數(shù))：clothing 衣服，衣服，poetry 詩(shī)歌，詩(shī)歌，baggageluggage 行李，行李，furniture家俱，家俱，machinery 機(jī)械，機(jī)械，scenery 景色，景色，jewellery珠寶等。珠寶等。 2. 有的集合名詞總是表示復(fù)數(shù)意義有的集合名詞總是表示復(fù)數(shù)意義(但不用復(fù)數(shù)形式但不用復(fù)數(shù)形式)：people人

29、，人，police警察，警察，cattle牲口等。牲口等。We Chinese _ a hard-working people Ais Bare Cis being Dare being 此題應(yīng)選此題應(yīng)選 。這里應(yīng)注意的是：我們通常說(shuō)的這里應(yīng)注意的是：我們通常說(shuō)的是主謂一致（即謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)保持一致），而不是是主謂一致（即謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)保持一致），而不是表謂一致（即不是謂語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)一致），本題意為：表謂一致（即不是謂語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)一致），本題意為：我們中國(guó)人是一個(gè)勤勞的民族。我們中國(guó)人是一個(gè)勤勞的民族。 These two dictionaries are a present for my best frie

30、nd Jim The planets were the object of his study The most important thing I need is books The countrys leading export is watches The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies 但是有些主語(yǔ)由于本身具有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種但是有些主語(yǔ)由于本身具有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種 可能，它的謂語(yǔ)到底用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，要看具體可能，它的謂語(yǔ)到底用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，要看具體 的語(yǔ)境（多數(shù)情況是看其后面詞語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)），的語(yǔ)境（多數(shù)情況是看其后面詞語(yǔ)的單

31、復(fù)數(shù)），例如：例如： Who is your brother？誰(shuí)是你的兄弟？誰(shuí)是你的兄弟？ Who are your brothers？哪些是你的兄弟？哪些是你的兄弟？ What he said is quite correct他所說(shuō)的完全正確。他所說(shuō)的完全正確。 What he left me are only a few old books他給我他給我留下的只是幾本舊書(shū)。留下的只是幾本舊書(shū)。1. You or he _ to blame 你或他有一人要受責(zé)備。你或他有一人要受責(zé)備。 2. _ you or he to blame? 受責(zé)備的是你還是他？受責(zé)備的是你還是他？ A is ，Is

32、 Bare，Are Cis，Are D are，Is 在通常情況下，兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)由在通常情況下，兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)由or，eitheror，neithernor，notbut，not onlybut（also）等連接時(shí)，其謂等連接時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)通常與第二個(gè)主語(yǔ)（即臨近的一個(gè)語(yǔ)通常與第二個(gè)主語(yǔ)（即臨近的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)）保持一致，但是，在疑問(wèn)句中主語(yǔ)）保持一致，但是，在疑問(wèn)句中則通常與第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（即臨近的一個(gè)則通常與第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（即臨近的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)）保持一致。主語(yǔ)）保持一致。 1One or two days _ enough to see the city Ais Bare Cam Dbe2Neither my wife