(英語教程修訂版2)unit9

1、外語教學(xué)與研究出版社Unit 9 TransportUnit 9 Transport4Warming-up12356ListeningReadingSpeakingWritingFun TimeWarming-upWarming-upWin a Traffic JamWarming-upWarming-upHave you ever experienced a traffic jam?How did you feel? What did you do during the traffic jam?ListeningListeningYou will hear five short conver

2、sations twice. For each question, choose the best from the choices marked A, B or C.1. When does the meeting start?A. At 7:00 pm. B. At 6:30 am. C. At 6:30 pm.2. Where does the conversation take place?A. In a library.B. In a bookstore.C. In a teachers office.3. How will the goods be sent? A. B. C.4.

3、 Which one is Catherine? A. B. C.5. How much will the man have if he takes cheaper ones? A. $1. B. $5. C. $3.ListeningListening1. Where did the story happen? A. In London. B. In a bar. C. In Dover. 2. The guard told the three men that there _ . A. were trains all night long B. was a train every sixt

4、y minutes C. was a train in the eveningListeningListening B. You will hear a conversation. It will be read twice. Listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question. 3. How many times did the three men miss the train? A. Once. B. Twice. C. Three times.4. The three men failed to catch the

5、train because . A. they had a drink B. they went to the bar C. they left the bar late5. Why did the man laugh when he failed to catch the train? A. Because his friends who came to see him off got on the train instead of him. B. Because he didnt really want to go to London. C. Because it was funny th

6、at he couldnt get to London that night.ListeningListening ListeningListening C. You will hear five sentences. They will be read three times. Listen, repeat and write down what you hear. 1. _2. _ 3. _4. _5. _ It is much faster to travel by plane than by train.Walking after supper is a good exercise f

7、or everybody.Instead of going to school on foot, he rode a bike today.Can you tell me how far it is from your home to this school?New York is easiest seen on bus. Listening Listening D. Listen to the passage twice and supply the missing words.More and more _ are going to work on bicycles. Why are mo

8、re people _ bicycles to work? There are many _.First, bicycles dont _ gasoline (汽油). Therefore, they _ less to use. Also, bicycles do not need much _ on the road. And it is _ to find a place for them. Its good for the _ to ride a bicycle. People ride in their cars too often to work or to _. They nee

9、d _ .AmericansridingreasonsneedcostspacehealtheasyshopexerciseTapescript A. 1. F: Are you going to see the film tonight? M: Im afraid not. I must attend an important meeting at half past six. What time is the film? F: Seven oclock.2. F: What can I do for you, sir? M: I want to borrow a computer dict

10、ionary, and I dont want any other books.ListeningListeningTapescript A.3. M: Can I help you? F: I would like to order the machines we talked about yesterday. Can I have them within two days? M: Sure. Ill send them by air.4. F: Martin, you go to the airport. M: For what? F: Meet Catherine Parker, a g

11、irl with long black hair. She is arriving from London on the flight 587. M: Right. Flight 587 from London.5. M: Excuse me; I have only $5. Is it enough for four pencils? F: Well, you can buy $1 pencils or $0.5 ones. Which one do you prefer?ListeningListeningListeningListening Tapescript B. Twelve oc

12、lock came, and the last train was just starting out when the three of them came out of the bar running as fast as they could. Two of them got on the train just as it was leaving but the third one didnt run fast enough, and the train went out leaving him behind. He stood there looking at the train an

13、d laughing. The guard went up to him and said, “I told you that this was the last train. Why didnt you come earlier?” The man kept laughing until tears came to his eyes. Then he caught hold of the guard and said, “Did you see the two men get into the train and leave me here?” “Yes, I did.” “Well, I

14、was the only one to leave for London. They were here only to see me off.” ReadingReadingThe Advantages and Disadvantages of the Car The use of the motor car is becoming more and more widespread in the 21st century. As an increasing number of countries develop both technically and economically, a lar

15、ger proportion of the worlds population is able to buy and use a car. Possessing a car gives a much greater degree of mobility, enabling the driver to move around freely. The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transport and is, therefore, not compelled to work locally. He can choos

16、e from a greater variety of jobs and probably change his work more frequently as he is not restricted to a choice within an area. Traveling to work by car is also more comfortable than having to use public transport. The driver can adjust the heating in winter and the air-conditioning in summer to s

17、uit his own needs and preference. There is no irritation caused by waiting for trains, buses or underground trains, standing in long lines, or sitting on windy platforms for an hour or more. With the building of good fast motorways long distances can be covered rapidly and pleasantly. Many people ar

18、e now able to enjoy their leisure time to the full by making trips to the country or seaside on the weekends, instead of being confined to their immediate neighborhood. This feeling of independence, and the freedom to go where you please, is perhaps the greatest advantage of the car. On the other ha

19、nd, the car has its disadvantages. Perhaps pollution is of prime importance. As more and more cars are produced and used, more and more poisonous gas is given off. It not only pollutes the atmosphere but causes actual harm to the health of people. Many of the minor illnesses of modern society, such

20、as headaches, tiredness, and stomach upsets are thought to arise from polluted air. Its also becoming increasingly difficult to deal with the problem of traffic in towns. In fact, any advantage gained in comfort is often cancelled out by traffic jams, endless lines of cars crawling through all the m

21、ain streets. As an increasing number of traffic regulations are devised, the poor confused driver finds himself diverted and forced into one-way systems which cause even greater delays than the traffic jams they are supposed to prevent. The rising cost of petrol and the increased license fees and ro

22、ad tax all add to the drivers worries. In fact, he must sometimes wonder if the motorcar is such a boon, or just a menace. 汽車的利與弊汽車的利與弊 21世紀(jì)汽車的使用越來越普遍。由于越來越多的國家技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟得到發(fā)展，世界上有更多的人能夠購買和使用汽車。擁有汽車給人們提供了比以前大得多的機動性，使駕駛?cè)藛T能夠駕車暢游。擁有汽車的人不再被迫依賴公共交通工具，因而也不再只限于在本地工作。人們可以更廣泛地?fù)駱I(yè)，還可以更經(jīng)常地變換工作，因為，人們不再受某個范圍內(nèi)一種選擇的限制。同時

23、，驅(qū)車上班也比被迫乘坐公共交通工具舒適，司機冬天能開暖風(fēng)，夏天能開空調(diào)，以滿足自己的需要與意愿。排長隊或坐在飽受風(fēng)吹的站臺上等候火車、公共汽車或地鐵，一等就是1 小時或更長的時間，這種煩惱都免除了。隨著優(yōu)質(zhì)高速汽車專用公路的修建，長途行駛既快捷又舒暢。許多人現(xiàn)在能最大限度地盡情享受閑暇時間，如周末去鄉(xiāng)村或海邊旅行，而無須局限于在家附近活動。這種獨立、自由，想去哪里就去哪里的感覺恐怕是小汽車的最大優(yōu)點。另一方面，小汽車也有弊端?；蛟S污染是首當(dāng)其沖。隨著越來越多的汽車被生產(chǎn)和投入使用，越來越多的有毒氣體被排放。這些氣體不僅污染大氣層，而且還會對人體健康造成危害。有人認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代社會的許多小病，比如，頭

24、疼、疲勞、反胃都是因為空氣污染而引起的，而處理城市里的交通問題也越來越棘手。事實上，由于交通堵塞帶來的不便，無邊無際的車群在城市的主干道爬行，駕車給人帶來舒適的優(yōu)點經(jīng)常被交通堵塞所取代。隨著各種交通規(guī)則不斷出臺，可憐的司機暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向，被迫進(jìn)入單行線，他們本想避免交通堵塞，卻延誤了更長的時間。汽油價格飛速攀升，駕駛執(zhí)照的費用和養(yǎng)路費不斷上漲，這一切都引起了司機的擔(dān)憂。實際上，有時他們不得不想汽車到底是一種恩賜，還是一種令人煩惱的東西。1. An increasing number of countries develop both technically and economically. 越來越

25、多的國家技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟得到發(fā)展。a number of 許多，大量。此處分詞increasing 充當(dāng)定語，強調(diào)動作的延續(xù)。本文還出現(xiàn)了類似的用法，如：the rising cost of petrol 不斷上漲的汽油價格。 2. The driver can adjust the heating in winter and the air-conditioning in summer to suit his own needs and preference. 司機冬天開取暖器，夏天開空調(diào)，以滿足自己的需要與意愿。heating 取暖器 3. There is no irritation caus

26、ed by waiting for trains, buses or underground trains, standing in long lines, or sitting on windy platforms for an hour or more. 站在長長的隊里或坐在飽受風(fēng)吹的站臺上等火車、公共汽車或地鐵， 一等就是一個小時 或更長的時間，這種煩惱都沒有了。美英兩國在交通工具的表達(dá)上有很大區(qū)別，具體見下表：美英兩國在交通工具的表達(dá)上有很大區(qū)別，具體見下表：ChineseBEAE交通；交通工具transport transportation飛機aeroplane airplane地鐵

27、underground, tubesubway汽車motorcarautomobile火車車廂car carriage卡車lorrytruck有軌電車Tramtrolley鐵路railwayrailroad 4. immediate neighborhood 近鄰，附近 immediate 在此處的意思是“不遠(yuǎn)的，鄰近的”。 例如： Theres no post office in the immediate neighborhood. 附近沒有郵局。 What will you do in the immediate future? 你在不遠(yuǎn)的將來想干什么？ 5. Perhaps pollu

28、tion is of prime importance. 也許污染是首要問題。句中of 加抽象名詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，即：Perhaps pollution is the most important.類似的用法還有：Diamonds are of high value. (Diamonds are highly valuable.) 鉆石有很高的價值。The new drug is of great significance for the treatment of the disease. (The new drug is greatly significant for the treatmen

29、t of the disease.) 這種新藥對治療這種疾病意義重大。 6. Many of the minor illnesses of modern society, such as headaches, tiredness, and stomach upsets are thought to arise from polluted air. 有人認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代社會的許多小病，比如，頭疼、疲勞、反胃都是 因為空氣污染而引起的。1) stomach upsets 表示“腸胃不舒服，反胃”，也可以用upset stomach。例如： You must have a bad upset stomach

30、. 你一定曾感到胃不舒服。2) 還可以用upset 作動詞，通常翻譯成“使身體（腸胃）不適”。例如： The foreign food upset his stomach. 異國食品使他的腸胃感覺不適。widespread adj.existing or happening over a large area or among many peoplee.g. The plan received widespread support throughout the country.Foxes are becoming more widespread in urban areas.There is

31、a widespread public concern about this portion n.the compared relationship between two things in regard of size, amount,importance, etc.e.g. This door is narrow in proportion to its height.A large proportion of the students were sick last week. in proportion torelative toe.g. The tax incr

32、eases in proportion to the amount you earn.The room is very long in proportion to its pel vt.to force, drive, or constraine.g. The law can compel fathers to make regular payments for their children.Last year bad health compelled his retirement.The rain compelled us to stay indoors.restrict vt.to kee

33、p or confine within limitse.g. We restrict the number of students per class to 10.Fog severely restricted visibility.The long skirt restricted her movements.Having small children tends to restrict your freedom.be restricted toto be limited toe.g. You arent restricted to only one topic. You can talk

34、about anything you like.Discussion at the meeting is restricted to the agenda.adjust v.to change so as to match or fit; cause to corresponde.g. Watch out for sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly. This button is for adjusting the volume. He smoothed his hair and adjusted his tie.adjust toe.g

35、. He adjusted himself very quickly to the heat of the country. It took her a while to adjust to living alone after the divorce. You will quickly adjust yourself to student life. It took several seconds for her eyes to adjust to the darkness.preference n.a feeling of liking or wanting somebody or som

36、ething more than somebody or something elsee.g. A teacher shouldnt show preference for any one of his pupils. Its really just a matter of personal preference which you choose. The governments preference is for diplomatic solutions.irritation n.U a feeling that being annoyed or impatiente.g. With a p

37、rivate car, there will be no irritation caused by waiting for buses or taxies. He could barely contain his irritation at their rudeness. “Dont be so silly!” she said with some irritation.leisure n.freedom from time-consuming duties, responsibilities, or activitiese.g. What do you do in your leisure

38、time? Im looking forward to more leisure time in my retirement. I dont have the leisure to sit back and enjoy the scenery.at leisurefree to do what you wante.g. After a stop for lunch you will be taken to a famous garden where you can spend the afternoon at leisure. Theyll need time to think about t

39、he situation at leisure.confine v.to keep within bounds; restricte.g. The wild animals are confined in small cages in the zoo. They managed to confine the fire to the engine room.be confined toe.g. He had an uncomfortable trip, for he had been confined to the car for ten hours. Many prisoners are co

40、nfined to their cells for long periods of time. The risk of infection is confined to relatively small groups.prime1) adj. (only before noun, not gradable) most important, or the very best qualitye.g. Getting on the Olympic Games became her prime objective. This town is a prime example of combining o

41、ld architecture with new. The hotel is in a prime location overlooking the sea. A prime minister is the leader of government in some countries. The interview will be broadcast during prime time, at seven oclock in the evening.2) n. U the stage in the life or the development of esp. a person when the

42、y arein the best possible condition, most successful and most powerfule.g. This is a dancer in her prime. Middle age can be the prime of life if you have the right attitude.suit v.to meet the needs of; satisfye.g. A good teacher often tries to suit the interest of his students.It suits me if you com

43、e to work at eight oclock.It is difficult to find a time that suits everybody.devise vt.to form, plan, or arrange in the mind; design or contrivee.g. They devise a scheme to allow students to study part-time.A new system has been devised to control traffic in the city.He devises a plan for getting t

44、he jewels out of the country.boon n.a benefit bestowed, esp. one bestowed in response to a requeste.g.The radio is a great boon to the blind.A bicycle is a real boon when you live in a small town.menace n.a possible danger; a threate.g.A man who drives fast is a menace to other people.A tone of mena

45、ce entered into the mans voice.He spoke with menace in his voice.A careless driver is a menace to all road users.rely onto depend one.g. The poor old man could rely on nobody after the death of his son.A man who doesnt keep promises cannot be relied on.to the fullto the greatest degree; completelye.

46、g. Welcome to the seashore. You will enjoy your life to the full lying on the beaches.In order to make the students understand to the full, the teacher gave several more examples.cancel outto make up for each other; balance or be equale.g. When exports cancel out imports, the trade is balanced.He ha

47、s hardly any money to save every month, because his wages nearly cancelled out the outcome of the family.His good qualities and his faults cancel out.be supposed to1) to have a duty or responsibility to do somethinge.g. Everyone is supposed to bring a bottle to the party.Youre not supposed to smoke

48、here.2) to be intended to do somethinge.g. I havent seen it myself, but its supposed to be a very good film.This law is supposed to help the poor.add toto increasee.g. Frequent overtime added to his illness.The praise from her teacher added to her confidence in study.e.g. Keeping to socialism is of

49、vital importance for China.The maintenance of law and order is of vital importance.Development is of overriding importance.Stability is of overriding importance.Diamonds are of high value. (Diamonds are highly valuable.)Your help is of great value to us.The design is of very high standard.The new dr

50、ug is of great significance for the treatment of the disease. (The new drug is greatly significant for the treatment of the disease.)Perhaps pollution is of prime importance. (= Perhaps pollution is the most important.)句型：adj. + n. + of + n. = adj. + n.e.g. He is a man of wisdom. (= He is a wise man

51、.)A thing of beauty is a joy forever. (= A beautiful thing is a joy forever.)He is a person of importance. (= He is an important person.)1. One reason more and more people are able to use cars is that cars are cheaper in the 21st century. A. Right. B. Wrong. C. Doesnt say.2. The owner of a car is no

52、 longer forced to rely on public transport but he is compelled to work locally. A. Right. B. Wrong. C. Doesnt say.According to the text, are the following statements Right or Wrong? If there is not enough information to answer Right or Wrong, choose “Doesnt say”. For each sentence, mark one letter A

53、, B or C.3. This feeling of independence and the freedom is perhaps the greatest advantage of the car. A. Right. B. Wrong. C. Doesnt say.4. Owning a car not only pollutes the atmosphere but causes actual harm to the health of people. A. Right. B. Wrong. C. Doesnt say.5. The changing traffic rules ma

54、ke it possible to drive faster and more comfortably. A. Right. B. Wrong. C. Doesnt say.II. Choose the best from the box to complete each of the sentences.1. _ is able to buy and use a car.2. _ gives a much greater degree of mobility.3. _ is more comfortable than having to use public transport._ of m

55、odern society are thought to arise from polluted air._ and traffic jams cancelled out the advantage gained in comfort.AHFCDA. A larger proportion of the worlds populationB. An increasing number of countriesC. Many of the minor illnessesD. Endless lines of carsE. The rising cost of petrolF. Traveling

56、 to work by carG. The owner of the carH. Possessing a carIII. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.1. When exports _ imports, the trade is balanced.2. The burning of fossil fuels results in the _ of the atmosphere.3. Many prisoners _ their cells for a long p

57、eriod of time.4. Do you _ exercise indoors or out doors?5. An electric wheelchair has given her greater _ .cancel outpollutionare confined toprefer tobe supposed to widespread pollution mobility confuse be confined to cancel out prefer to adjust to irritationmobility6. The plan received _support thr

58、oughout the country.7. Dont give me so much information you are _ me!8. It took her a while to _ living alone after the divorce.9. With a private car, there will be no _ caused by waiting for buses or taxis.10. I havent seen it myself, but it _ be a very good film.widespreadconfusingadjust toirritat

59、ionis supposed to be supposed to widespread pollution mobility confuse be confined to cancel out prefer to adjust to irritationIV. Match each word in Column A with a similar meaning in Column B.AB1. confinea. an unfavorable condition or circumstance2. devise b. often3. widespread c. to keep within b

60、ounds; restrict4. menaced. a principle, rule, or law designed to control, govern or conduct5. poisonouse. to force, drive, or constrainchfgiIV. Match each word in Column A with a similar meaning in Column B.AB6. disadvantage f. existing or happening over a large area or among many people7. motorwayg