簡單句-并列句和復合句15頁

1、簡單句、并列句和復合句句子種類:按句子的用途可分四種：1) 陳述句(肯定句、否定句) ：He is a lovely boy. She didnt work hard before.2) 疑問句(一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句)：Do you like skating? How much is it? Is he six or seven years old? Lucy can play the piano, cant she?3) 祈使句：Be on time, please! Dont arrive late for school!4) 感嘆句：How hard-worki

2、ng they are! What a nice girl she is! How time flies!按句子的結構可分三種：1) 簡單句：只有一個主語(或并列主語) 和一個謂語(或并列謂語) 。He often reads English in the morning.一主語，一謂語Tom and Mike are American boys.并列主語，一謂語She likes writing and often writes articles for newspapers.一主語，并列謂語簡單句的五種基本句型(其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴展、變化或省略而構成。) 主謂: He le

3、ft. 主謂賓: Henry bought a dictionary. 主謂雙賓: My father bought me a car. 主謂賓補: Tom made the baby laugh. 主系表: He is a student.主語: 句子說明的人或事物。謂語: 說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征。表語: 系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質、狀態(tài)和特征。賓語：1. 動作的承受者動賓。2. 介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞介賓。補語：賓補，對賓語的補充。主補，對主語的補充。定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞。狀語：表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。2) 并列句：由并列連詞把兩個或兩

4、個以上的簡單句連在一起構成。 You help him and he helps you.并列句的分類表并列。 常用連詞有and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等。 The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.He could neither read nor write.He not only studies hard, but also likes sports.表選擇。 常用連詞有or, eitheror, otherwise等。 Hurry up, or youll miss

5、 the train.Either you didnt understand this, or you were not careful表轉折。 常用連詞有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。 He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.Tom was not there but his brother was (there). There was no news, nevert

6、heless, she went on hoping.表因果，常用連詞有so, for, therefore等。 August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.He hurried, for it was getting dark. He liked the book very much, so I gave it to him3) 復合句：含有一個或一個以上從句的句子。包含：名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句) 、定語從句和狀語從句等。從句就

7、是一個從句在主句中充當一個成分，如主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語等。從句在句子中作什么成分就叫什么從句。 1.主語從句 用作主語的從句叫作主語從句。(1)由what, whatever, whoever等代詞引導主語從句。 如: What she likes is watching the children play Whatever you have heard must be kept secret Whoever fails to pass the exam will be dismissed (2)that引導 It is tight that you told him the trut

8、h (3)由連接副詞whether, when, how, where, why引導主語從句。 如：Why the fire broke out at night remains a mystery Whether we can help you is a difficult question When the meeting will be held has not been decided (4)主語從句后移主語從句雖然可以放在謂語的前面，但是當主語從句較長而謂 語較短時，常用代詞作形式主語，而把主語從句放到句子后邊。 如：It is uncertain whether he wants

9、to go or not It turned out true that he had done nothing wrong 2. 表語從句 用作表語的從句叫作表語從句，通常由that, what, where, why, ho 等連接詞引導。 (1) if, whether, that引導表語從句，有時也用as, because, as if, as though, lest引導表語從句。 如：The question is that we must be good at learning from others. It looks as if its going to rain (2) w

10、hat, which, who等連接代詞。 如: That is what I want to tell you The question is which of the classes we choose to be the excellent one (3)how, when, where, why等連接副詞。 如：The question is how we can help him That is why he has been late3. 賓語從句 在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句的引導詞和主語從句的引導詞相同。賓語從句可以作及物動詞的賓語，作短語動詞的賓語，介詞的賓

11、語。及物動詞的賓語Everybody knows that money doesn't grow on trees.短語動詞的賓語Please go and find out when the train will arrive.介詞的賓語I am interested in what she is doing.否定的轉移I don't suppose you're used to this diet.我想你不習慣這種飲食。I don't believe she'll arrive before 8.我相信她8點之前不會到。4. 同位從句 一般跟在某些名

12、詞如answer(答案)，hope(希望)，fact(事實)，belief (信仰)，news(消息)，idea(主意；觀念)，promise(承諾)，information(信息)，conclusion(結論)，order(命令)， suggestion(建議)，problem(問題)，thought (想法)等后面。I had no idea that you were here.She told us her hope that she would become a pianist.He made a promise that he would never come late.He ha

13、snt made the decision whether he will go there.I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job.I have no idea what he is doing now.Its a question how he did it 5.狀語從句 地點狀語從句。地點狀語從句通常由where, wherever 引導。Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.方式狀語從句 方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) asso, as if, as though引導。

14、1) as, (just) assoAlways do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。As water is to fish, so air is to man.我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。2) as if, as though兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反，有時也用

15、陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實或實現(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作"仿佛似的"，"好像似的"，They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.他們完全忽略了這些事實，就仿佛它不存在似的。(與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。)He looks as if (as though)he had been hit by lighting.他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。(與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。)It looks as if the weather may pick up very s

16、oon.看來天氣很快就會好起來。(實現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。)原因狀語從句 Because he is very hard-working, he passed the exam.目的狀語從句 表示目的狀語的從句可以由that, so that, in order that, in case等詞引導：You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.結果狀語從句 結果狀語從句常由so that

17、或 suchthat引導:The boy is so young that he can't go to school.He is such a young boy that he can't go to school條件狀語從句 連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.if 引導的條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。非真實條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡述。Let's go out for a walk unlessyou are too tired.If you are not too tired, le

18、t's go out for a walk.讓步狀語從句 Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.Whether you believe it or not, it is true.No matter what happened, he would not mind.Whatever happened, he would not mind.時間狀語從句由時間連接詞引導的狀語從句叫做時間狀語從句。1

19、.由when, while, just, just as, as，after, before, since, until, as soon as引導的時間狀語從句。When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.(當你以為自己一無所知的時候，你就是在開始知道一些事物了。）You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it.( 當你的手在空氣中揮動的時候，你就能感覺到空氣在流動。)Our headmaster laughed as she spok

20、e.(我們的校長邊談邊笑。)When she came in, I stopped eating.她進來時，我停止吃飯。(瞬時動詞)While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. We always sing as we walk.我們總是邊走邊唱。（as表示“一邊一邊”）As we were going out, it began to snow.當我們出門時，開始下雪了。（as強調句中兩個動作緊接著先后發(fā)生，而不強調開始下雪的特定時間）I didn't go to bed until（till） my fath

21、er came back.直到我父親回來我才上床睡覺。It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散會之后他才開始教我英語。I worked until he came back.我工作到他回來為止。He will call you as soon as he arrives there.2.由before和after引導的時間狀語從句。It will be four days before they come back. 他們要過四天才能回來。My father had left for

22、Canada just before the letter arrived.我父親恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔細考慮過以后，告訴我你是怎樣決定的。After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我們回家了。（從句用過去完成時，主句用一般過去時）3.由by the time引導的時間狀語從句。注意時態(tài)的變化：在一般情況下，如果主句的謂語動詞用一般過去時，從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時；如果主句的謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的謂

23、語動詞用將來完成時（主將從現(xiàn)）。By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回來時，我已經寫完這本書了。By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天來這兒的時候，我將已經完成此工作了。4.由each time, every time和whenever引導的時間狀語從句。Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次來哈爾濱，總是來看我。Whenever that man sa

24、ys“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每當那個人說“說實在話”的時候，我猜想他就要說謊了。You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，見你更年輕了。練習1初中部分1. Give me one more minute _ Ill be able to finish it.A. and              

25、0;    B. or                            C. if                 

26、0;           D. so2. Its the third time that John has been late, _?A. hasnt he           B. isnt he        C. isnt it        

27、               D. hasnt it3. _ joyful he was to meet his brother again!A. How                 B. What        &

28、#160;       C. What a                            D. What an4. Let us pass, _?A. shant we        

29、;         B. shall we              C. wont we        D. will you5. I suppose hes serious, _ ?A. do I         &

30、#160;               B. dont I                        C. is he         

31、       D. isnt he6. You had better not smoke here, _?A. will you                   B. had you              

32、60;     C. shall you              D. have you7. Train as hard as you can _ youll win the swimming competition.A. then                &#

33、160;        B. but                          C. and               

34、      D. or8. Im sorry to have to say this, _ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.A. and                          B. b

35、ut                          C. so                    D. because9. John has not y

36、et passed the driving test, and _.A. Henry hasnt too         B. Henry also has not either  C. neither Henry has  D. neither has Henry10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, _ others enjoy swimming.A. or   &#

37、160;                        B. for                         &

38、#160; C. while                      D. so11. - Do you feel like going out _ would you rather have dinner at home?- Id like to go out.          &#

39、160;  A. or              B. and            C. but          D. so12. - “_ is the temperature today?”     &

40、#160;      -“Its 38 degrees.”A. Which                            B. How           

41、60;    C. How hot           D. How high13. - Your uncle isnt an engineer, is he?                - _.A. Yes, he isnt       

42、60;     B. No, he isnt             C. No, he is             D. He is14. _ friendly _ to everyone!A. How, is she        &

43、#160;    B. What, is she         C. How, she is         D. What, she is15. Mary went to bed early, _ she felt very tired.A. or            &#

44、160;               B. so                   C. for               &

45、#160; D. yet16. Mother _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. was making                     B. makes                C. is maki

46、ng             D. made17. He lay in bed _ read something borrowed from library.A. but                          B. a

47、nd                          C. or                       

48、0;   D. yet18. - Id really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.- _ what you want and I can get it for you.A. Tell me      B. If you would say to me     C. You will tell me        D. If you tell me19.

49、As he is strong, _ can lift one hundred pounds.A. yet he                      B. but he                  

50、    C. and                    D. he20. - I thought you had an umbrella.               - I had, _ Ive lost it.A. since

51、60;                       B. but                          C. beca

52、use            D. so21. _ down the radio - the babys asleep in the next room.A. Turning                   B. To turn     

53、0;               C. Turned              D. Turn22. - I dont like chicken _ fish.              &

54、#160; - I dont like chicken _ I like fish very much.A. and, and                   B. and, but                   C. or, a

55、nd               D. or, but23. - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?     - Id like to, _ Im too busy.A. and               &#

56、160;          B. so                            C. as           &#

57、160;               D. but24. Would you like a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to business right away?A. and                    &

58、#160;     B. then                         C. or                   

59、; D. otherwise25. She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later.A. arriving                   B. to arrive      C. having arrived         

60、; D. and arrived26. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice.A. angrily pointing        B. and point angrily              C. angrily pointed         D. and an

61、grily pointed27. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.A. whom                      B. where        

62、60;             C. which                D. while28. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do.A. When left          &#

63、160;      B. Leaving             C. If you leave             D. Leave29. - Alice, you feed the bird today, _?       

64、0;            - But I fed it yesterday.A. do you                    B. will you           C. didnt y

65、ou            D. dont you30. _ him and then try to copy what he does.A. Mind                       B. Glance at    

66、              C. Stare at              D. Watch15 ACADD  610 BCBDC  1115 ADBCC  1620 ABADB  2125 DDDCD  2630 ADDBD練習2高中部分1. Excuse me for br

67、eaking in, _ I have some news for you. A. andB. yetC. soD. but2. - Dont you enjoy helping me? - _ A. Yes, Im afraid not.B. No, sure enough.C. Yes, I do enjoy it.D. No, certainly I do3. In Shenzhou VI, Chinese astronauts are not only spaceship drivers, _ machine repairers and scientists. A. soB. orC.

68、 andD. but4. Some people waste a lot of food _ others in the world havent enough to eat. A. afterB. whenC. asD. while5. Stop making so much noise _ the neighbor will start complaining. A. or elseB. but stillC. and thenD. so that6. Mr. Lee never said he hated school when he was a child, _ ? A. was he

69、B. wasnt heC. did heD. didnt he7. There is no light or sound in the house. They must have gone to the cinema, _ ? A. didnt heB. dont theyC. mustnt theyD. havent they8. They were playing in the garden _ they heard a scream. A. whileB. asC. untilD. when9. Mum, Ive reviewed my lessons for a whole day.

70、Let me play the computer games for a little while, _ ? A. shall I B. can I C. will youD. dont you10. _ some teenagers dont realize is _ difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs. A. What; howB. That; howC. That; whatD. What; what a11. _ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the moun

71、tains give him a sense of infinite peace. A. If walkingB. While walkingC. WalkingD. When one is walking12. _ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your email account. A. What is requiredB. What requiresC. It is requiredD. It requires13. These shoes look very good.

72、I wonder _ . A. how much cost they areB. how much do they costC. how much they costD. how much are they cost14. Doris success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others. A. whichB. thatC. whenD. why15. _ is often the case, he succeeded in this examination again. A. WhatB.

73、SoC. WhichD. As16. They are discussing in the next room _ will go to the conference on behalf of the manager. A. howeverB. whoC. whatD. whomever17. - Was it under the tree _ you were away talking to a friend? - Sure. But when I get back there, the car was gone. A. thatB. whereC. whichD. while18. The

74、y began to think about _ could be made of these valuable materials. A. how useB. full useC. betterD. what use19. A good ad often uses words _ people attach positive meanings. A. in whichB. to whichC. whichD. that20. We cant bear the idea that some people might be better than us, _ hard we tried. A.

75、no matterB. howeverC. asD. what21. Its believed that parks are to the city _ lungs are to the body. A. whatB. likeC. thatD. which22. _ our country has so many good table-tennis players, we have to decide on the best ones to take part in the game. A. AlthoughB. SinceC. IfD. While23. The Grand Theatre

76、 is located on one corner of _ is called the Peoples Square. A. whichB. whatC. the placeD. that24. _ much progress you can make in all your subjects in the future, you should keep modest. A. HoweverB. WhateverC. WhatD. How25. The news _ Shenzhou-6 spaceship safely returned from space on October 17th

77、, 2005 excited all the Chinese people. A. whichB. thatC. /D. what26._ the window, my finger was seriously cut. A. Having cleanedB. To cleanC. While cleaningD. While I was cleaning27. Id like to settle down somewhere _ the climate is mild and the sun shines all year long. A. whichB. thatC. whereD. wh

78、en28. My grandpa sowed the flower seeds in the garden _ it was the best time for them to grow. A. whereB. whenC. thatD. until29. They always give the vacant seats to _ comes first. A. whoB. whoeverC. whomD. whomever30. I would appreciate it _ you can help me with my English this afternoon. A. becaus

79、eB. untilC. whenD. if31. I like to have my photos taken _ there are mountains and rivers. A. thereB. in whichC. whenD. where32. Mr Hopkins has not yet answered my question _ I can go with him to _ he calls the Underground Treasure House next week. A. that; whichB. that; whereC. whether; thatD. whether; what33. When Edison invented the light bulb, he tried over 2000 experiments _ he got it to work. A. as