年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 知識(shí)運(yùn)用篇 專題4 語法填空 第4講 冠詞、介詞和代詞課件

1、1第二部分專題四語法填空專題四語法填空知識(shí)運(yùn)用篇知識(shí)運(yùn)用篇無提示詞填空無提示詞填空第四講冠詞、介詞和代詞第四講冠詞、介詞和代詞21 1技 能 突 破技 能 突 破3 3隨 堂 訓(xùn) 練隨 堂 訓(xùn) 練2 2走 出 誤 區(qū)走 出 誤 區(qū)4 4復(fù) 習(xí) 練 案復(fù) 習(xí) 練 案3技技 能能 突突 破破4 技法1：冠詞簡約不簡單，特指泛指需分辨 冠詞雖少，只有三個(gè)(a/an/the)，但卻是全國卷語法填空幾乎每年必考的語言知識(shí)點(diǎn)之一。5 (2016全國卷)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one

2、 is being bottle-fed，_other is with mumshe never suspects. 解題思路 分析句子成分句子缺少冠詞 根據(jù)固定搭配“one.the other”得知答案 嘗試解答：_the 6 技法解讀 1不定冠詞的用法 (1)在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示泛指，要想到用不定冠詞。 It is said that a class of 200 students attended the lecture on the nature of human beings.據(jù)說一個(gè)有著200個(gè)學(xué)生的班級(jí)參加了這個(gè)關(guān)于人類天性的講座。 (2)表示一類人或物，指同類中的任何一個(gè)，要

3、想到用不定冠詞。 A doctor is a person who saves peoples lives. 醫(yī)生就是拯救人們生命的人。 (3)表示第一次提到某人或某物，要想到用不定冠詞。 I went to a nearby restaurant，but the service there was terrible.我去了附近一家飯店，但那兒的服務(wù)很糟糕。7 (4)在序數(shù)詞前，表示“又一，再一”，要想到用不定冠詞。 In Guangdong Province，it is common for a building to lack a fourth floor. 在廣東省，樓房沒有4樓是常見的

4、事。 (5)在專有名詞前表示泛指，要想到用不定冠詞。 He wants to become a Shakespeare of the day. 他想成為當(dāng)代的莎士比亞。 (6)在抽象名詞前，表示“一個(gè)的人或一件的事”，要想到用不定冠詞。 If you want to improve your working efficiency，it will be a must for you to make the most of your time如果你想提高你的工作效率，充分利用時(shí)間是一件必須要做的事。8 (7)在某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，要想到用不定冠詞。 have a rest(休息)，have a bre

5、ak(休息)，take a walk(散 步)，have a look(看一看)，in a moment(立刻)，in a minute(馬上)，once upon a time(曾經(jīng))，twice a month (一月兩次)，a type of(一類)，a pile of(一堆)，a great amount of(大量的)，as a rule(通常)，in a hurry(立刻)，in a word(總之)，in a short while(不久)，have a good knowledge of(熟知)等。9 2定冠詞的用法 (1)在世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物、西洋樂器以及發(fā)明物的名詞前要想

6、到用定冠詞。 The little girl likes to play the violin and often plays it after school. 這個(gè)小女孩喜歡拉小提琴，經(jīng)常放學(xué)后演奏。 (2)談話雙方都知道的人或物以及上文已經(jīng)提到的表示人或物的名詞前要想到用定冠詞。 A total of 25 temporary shelters for the farmers have been established in the flooded area so far. 到目前為止，共有25個(gè)臨時(shí)庇護(hù)所已經(jīng)在洪災(zāi)地區(qū)為農(nóng)民建立起來了。10 (3)序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前要想到用定冠詞。

7、As is known to all，China is the biggest developing country in the world. 眾所周知，中國是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國家。 (4)某些形容詞、分詞前表示一類人或用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前表示一家人，要想到用定冠詞。 As far as I know，the Greens are going to move to Beijing. 據(jù)我所知，格林一家要搬到北京去。 (5)用在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞前，表示年代，也指人的大約歲數(shù)。 The old man in our neighborhood is in the seventies. 在我們小區(qū)的這位老

8、人大約七十幾歲。11 (2016全國卷)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for _ while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy. (2015全國卷)The adobe dwellings(土坯房)built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _ most modern of architects and engineers. (2015廣東高考)Mr Johnson live

9、d in the woods with his wife and children.He owned _ farm，which looked almost abandoned.a the a 12 (2014全國卷)Now，years later，this river is one of _ most outstanding examples of environmental clean up. (2014廣東高考)She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _ top floor.the the 13 技法2：

10、介詞用法不算難，固定搭配記心間 介詞表示名詞、代詞等與句中其他詞的關(guān)系，在句中不能單獨(dú)作句子成分。高考語法填空常?？疾榻樵~搭配，因此牢記介詞搭配是解題的捷徑。14 (2015全國卷)For those who fly to Guilin，its only an hour away_car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. 解題思路 分析句子成分空格后是名詞該結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語 根據(jù)固定搭配by car介詞和名詞的搭配 嘗試解答：_by 15技法解讀1常用介詞用法(1)at主要表示方向、場所、時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)、以速度、以價(jià)格。常用固定搭

11、配：at the doctors在醫(yī)務(wù)窒，at home在家，at school在學(xué)校，at one time曾經(jīng)，at the beginning of在開始，at the airport在機(jī)場，at the weekend在周末，at the age of 25在25歲時(shí)，at the same time同時(shí)，at present目前，at the end of在末尾，at the speed of以速度，at a low price以低廉的價(jià)格。(2) to主要表示方向、程度、結(jié)果、關(guān)系和位置。常用固定搭配：to ones surprise/joy令某人驚訝/高興的是，key/answe

12、r to.的關(guān)鍵/答案，add up to總計(jì)，thanks to多虧了，stick to堅(jiān)持，refer to提到，參考，be harmful to對(duì)有害，be connected to和有關(guān)系。16 (3)in(表示時(shí)間)在(年、月、季節(jié)、泛指上下午、晚上)；(表示地點(diǎn))在里；(表示語言、材料)用；(表示穿戴的狀態(tài))穿著，戴著。 常用固定搭配：in the 1990s在20世紀(jì)90年代，in the evening在晚上，in ink用墨水，in pencil用鉛筆，in need of需要，in progress在進(jìn)行，in operation在運(yùn)行中，in use開始使用，in sig

13、ht看得見，in charge of負(fù)責(zé)，in possession of擁有，have some trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth.在有困難，in memory of紀(jì)念，in favour of 意，in particular特別地。17 (4)on(表示時(shí)間)在(某一天或某天上下午)；(表示地點(diǎn))在上；(表示狀態(tài))處于中。 常用固定搭配：on Tuesday evening在周二的晚上，on business辦事/出差，on holiday/vacation/leave在休假，on duty值勤/日，on sale出售，call on拜訪，pass on傳遞

14、，carry on進(jìn)行下去，live on sth.靠生活，depend on依靠，have pity on同情。 (5)beyond(表示位置)在另一邊，在更遠(yuǎn)處；(表示程度)超出，非所能及。 常用固定搭配：beyond belief難以置信beyond control無法控制，beyond description難以形容，beyond expression無法表達(dá)。18 (6)by主要表示接近、時(shí)限、動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者、方式。 常用固定搭配：by oneself單獨(dú)，by hand用手工，learn.by heart牢記，by means of使用，by bicycle/plane/bus/tr

15、ain/ship騎自行車/坐飛機(jī)/坐公共汽車/坐火車/坐船。 (7)for主要表示目的、原因、交換值以及時(shí)間和距離的長度。 常用固定搭配：leave for動(dòng)身去，thank sb.for sth.因某事而感謝某人，for free免費(fèi)，for a few days幾天，exchange.for.以交換。19 (8) with表擁有某物；表示用某種工具或手段；表示原因或理由；表示想法、信念、態(tài)度與一致；隨著，和同時(shí)。 常用固定搭配：cut meat with a knife用刀割肉，jump with joy高興得跳起來，vote with sb.投票贊成某人，increase with ye

16、ars逐年增加，a country with a long history一個(gè)歷史悠久的國家。20 2常被誤用的介詞 be caught in the rain被雨淋著(不用by)，leave，for some place動(dòng)身去某地(不用to)，set an example to sb.為某人樹立榜樣(不用for)，in the direction朝著方向(不用to)，do a favor for sb.幫某人一個(gè)忙(不用to)，different from和不同(不用with)，with the help of在的幫助下(不用under)，steal sth.from sb.偷某人的東西(不

17、用of)，read sth.to sb.給(為)讀(念)(不用for)21 (2016全國卷)Most of us are more focused _ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. (2016全國卷)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat_ their hands. (2016四川高考)The mother continued to care for the youn

18、g panda _ more than two years.on with for 22 (2016全國卷)But my connection with pandas goes back _ my days on a TV show in the mid1980s. (2015全國卷)When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day；_ the same time，they warm up again for

19、the night.to at 23 技法3：代詞代指要明確，it高考很常見 高考語法填空對(duì)代詞的考查一般有兩種形式，一種是給出提示詞，一種是根據(jù)語境自由填寫。24 (2016全國卷)On my recent visit，I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by_ (it) mother. 解題思路 首先分析句子成分句子缺少定語 根據(jù)代詞用法形容詞性物主代詞可作定語 嘗試解答：_its 25 技法解讀 1人稱代詞與物主代詞類別第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱主格(作主語)Iweyouyouhesheitthey賓格(作

20、賓語)meusyouyouhimheritthem形容詞性物主代詞(作定語)myouryouryourhisheritstheir名詞性物主代詞(作主語、表語或賓語)mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs26 2.反身代詞 (1)第一、二人稱反身代詞是由形容詞性物主代詞加 “-self”(復(fù)數(shù)加selves)構(gòu)成。第三人稱反身代詞是由人稱代詞賓格形式加-self(復(fù)數(shù)加selves)構(gòu)成。數(shù)人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱myselfourselves第二人稱yourselfyourselves第三人稱himself/herself/itselfthemselves27 (2

21、)反身代詞在句中作賓語、表語或同位語You should learn to be kind to yourself. 你要學(xué)會(huì)善待自己。 (3)反身代詞的習(xí)慣用法 adapt oneself to適應(yīng)；dress oneself自己穿衣；occupy oneself with忙于；devote oneself to致力于；enjoy oneself玩得開心；express oneself表達(dá)自己的意思或情感；help oneself隨便吃by oneself單獨(dú)地；of oneself自動(dòng)地；for oneself為自己。28 3不定代詞 (1) the other指兩者中的另一個(gè)，表示特指。

22、 (2)other作前置定語，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，不可單獨(dú)使用，表示泛指，意為“另外的，其他的”。 (3) others泛指“其他人”或“其他物”，常用結(jié)構(gòu)：some.others.；而the others表示特定范圍中的“另外的全部”。 (4)another泛指同類的人或物，指三者或三者以上的另一個(gè)，可單獨(dú)使用或在其后加可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。 (5)one指代前面出現(xiàn)過的那類事物中的“一個(gè)”，其復(fù)數(shù)形式是ones。 (6) that/those指代前面出現(xiàn)過的名詞。that指代單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，而those指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞。29 4it的用法 (1)指代時(shí)間、天氣和距離。 (2)代替前文提到過的事物。

23、 (3)指代動(dòng)物、性別不詳?shù)膵雰夯虿聹y中不確定的人。 (4)代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句作形式主語或形式賓語。30 (2016四川高考)By that time，the panda no longer needed _ (it) mother for food. (2014全國卷)Then the driver stood up and asked，“Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？”A woman on the bus shouted，“Oh，dear! Its _(I)” (2014遼寧高考)Raise your leg and let

24、_ stay in the air for seconds. (2015浙江高考改編)How would you like _ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? its mine it it 31 冠詞、介詞、代詞填詞三標(biāo)志 1冠詞填詞標(biāo)志：如果空格后有名詞(短語)而且二者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含義，或是有序數(shù)詞，最高級(jí)表示特指意義的比較級(jí)，那么空格一般填冠詞。 注意填寫時(shí)考慮后面詞的開頭音素

25、，以元音音素開頭填an，以輔音 音素開頭填a。 2介詞填詞標(biāo)志：如果空格后是名詞、代詞、v.-ing形式或what從句，且不作主語或賓語時(shí)，那么空格一般填介詞。 3代詞填詞標(biāo)志：如果空格所在的句子缺主語或賓語，一般填代詞。如果缺定語，則考慮填形容詞性物主代詞。32走走 出出 誤誤 區(qū)區(qū)33 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1忽略冠詞特殊用法 Xiamen is_most beautiful coastal city and I believe l will come for_second time. (母題變式)Xiamen is_most beautiful coastal city I have ever seen

26、 so that l will come againaathe 34 點(diǎn)撥 (1)“the most形容詞”表示最高級(jí)；“a most形容詞”沒有比較含義，most表示“非常”； (2) “the序數(shù)詞”表示排序；“a序數(shù)詞”不表排序，表示“再一，又一”；35 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2混淆代詞指代對(duì)象 (2017松原一模)Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad.If you have to take _out，stay outside with them. (母題變式)Keep your pet inside as mu

27、ch as you can when the weather is bad.If you have to take _ out，stay outside with it.them it 36 點(diǎn)撥 句中空格部分指代前一句中的pets，故填them；而句中空格部分指代前一句中的pet，故填it。37隨隨 堂堂 訓(xùn)訓(xùn) 練練38 .單句練習(xí) (2015陜西高考改編)_more learned a man is，the more modest he usually becomes. (2014重慶高考改編)I cant tell you _way to the Wilsons because we d

28、ont have a Wilson here in the village. (2014陜西高考改編)_ village where I was born has grown into a town. (2015安徽高考改編)They believe that there are transport developments _ the corner that will bring a lot of changes for the better. (2015浙江高考改編)Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _animals both

29、on land and sea?The the The around to 39 (2015陜西高考改編)The little pupil took his grandma _ the arm and walked her across the street. (2015湖北高考改編)This meeting room is a non smoking area.I would like to warn you _advance that if you smoked here you would be fined. (2015陜西高考改編)To warm himself，the sailor

30、sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the _. (2015四川高考改編)Niki is always full of ideas，but _is useful to my knowledge. (2015陜西高考改編)Id appreciate _ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.by in other none it 40 .語篇練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~、介詞或代詞填空 Have you ever lived abroad?

31、When living overseas in 1._ place where people speak a different language，it can be difficult to make 2._understood even in relatively simple but important areas of life，like shopping and getting 3._town. 4._can be really upset trying to ask for 5._in a store or to tell the taxi driver where you are go