高三英語(yǔ)名校試題精品匯編(第1期)專(zhuān)題08：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及虛擬語(yǔ)氣

1、2013屆高三英語(yǔ)名校試題巨獻(xiàn)（教師版）第8講 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及虛擬語(yǔ)氣專(zhuān)題情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的解題技巧：(1) 認(rèn)真審題，結(jié)合所給出的語(yǔ)境，正確把握說(shuō)話者的語(yǔ)氣、情感、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等。(2) 認(rèn)真思考所給選項(xiàng)中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本特征和用法，并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境推敲答案。(3) 要注意把握時(shí)間概念。 a. can manage b. could have managedc. could manage d. can have managed根據(jù)題干中所給出的時(shí)間last week可知我們已經(jīng)做完了工作，已經(jīng)完成，故排除a、c兩項(xiàng)，再結(jié)合could have done表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣以及與前面的i dont think，故說(shuō)話者想表

2、達(dá)的意思是：離開(kāi)了你，我們本不可能完成這項(xiàng)工作。故答案為b項(xiàng)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法歸類(lèi)與高考試題分析：（一）表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (1) must表示推測(cè)，意為“一定”，只能用于肯定句中。 must have done意為：一定做過(guò)某事或某事肯定發(fā)生了。 例如： she looks very happy. she _ have passed the exam.i guess so. its not difficult after all. a. should b. could c. must d. might【解析】句意為：她看上去很高興，一定是通過(guò)了考試?！敬鸢浮縞(2) should (not) /

3、 ought (not) to在中表示根據(jù)常規(guī)或常識(shí)推測(cè)，表示“某事應(yīng)該或不應(yīng)該發(fā)生”，語(yǔ)氣比must或cant / couldnt稍弱。例如：hows your tour around the north lake? is it beautiful?it _ be, but it is now heavily polluted.a. will b. would c. should d. must there _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving

4、 school. a. mustnt b. shant c. shouldnt d. neednt【解析】句意：既然你在駕校進(jìn)行了大量訓(xùn)練，那么通過(guò)道路測(cè)試按理不應(yīng)該有困難c(3) can, could表達(dá)推測(cè)時(shí)，一般用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中；can用于肯定句中表示一種理論上的可能性，并不牽涉是否真的會(huì)發(fā)生，在這種用法中can只能與動(dòng)詞原形連用；could用于肯定句中，語(yǔ)氣比may/ might更弱。 you _ be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago! a. wouldnt b. cant c. mustnt d. needntshe

5、 _ have left school, for her bike is still here. a. cant b. wouldnt c. shouldnt d. needntit is usually warm in my hometown in march, but it _ be rather cold sometime. a. must b. can c. should d. wouldpeter _ be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general. a. shallb. shouldc. c

6、and. must (4)may (not) / might (not)表達(dá)一種不太把握的推測(cè)，意為“或許，可能”；might的語(yǔ)氣比may較婉轉(zhuǎn)。例如： liza _ well not want to go on the trip - she hates traveling. a. will b. can c. must d. may【解析】may well為固定搭配，意為：很可能，極有可能。【答案】 although this _ sound like a simple task, great care is needed. a. must b. may c. shall d. shoul

7、di cant find my purse anywhere. you _ have lost it while shopping. a. may b. can c. should d. would【解析】結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，回答者是在提醒對(duì)方：或許購(gòu)物時(shí)把錢(qián)包丟了。【答案】a（二）表達(dá)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞對(duì)過(guò)去的一種結(jié)果的假設(shè)或虛擬，用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done這一結(jié)構(gòu)，常用的有以下幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：(1) should (not) / ought (not) to have done本（不）應(yīng)該做某事，但卻沒(méi)有做或做了，含有責(zé)備或后悔之意。例如：im sorry. i _at you the oth

8、er day.forget it. i was a bit out of control myself. a. shouldnt shout b. shouldnt have shoutedc. mustnt shoutc. mustnt have shouted【解析】對(duì)不起，我那天本不應(yīng)該對(duì)你大喊大叫的?！敬鸢浮縝 (2) could have done本來(lái)能夠做某事但未做。例如：thank you for all your hard work last week. i dont think we _ it without you. a. can manage b. could have

9、managedc. could manage d. can have managed (3) neednt have done本沒(méi)有必要做某事但卻做了。要注意neednt do則表達(dá)“沒(méi)有必要去做某事”，時(shí)間上應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)。例如：catherine, i have cleaned the room for you.thanks. you _ it. i could manage it myself. a. neednt do b. neednt have done c. mustnt do d. shouldnt have donethe boss has given everyone a

10、 special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow. a. cant b. mustnt c. neednt d. shouldnt【解析】老板給所有的員工放了假，所以我們明天不必再去上班?！敬鸢浮縞(4)would (not) have done本來(lái)(不)會(huì)發(fā)生某事，但卻（發(fā)生了）或沒(méi)有發(fā)生。常用于虛擬條件句或含蓄虛擬條件引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示對(duì)過(guò)去所發(fā)生事情結(jié)果的假設(shè)。例如：he hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise, he _ a goal. a. had scored b.

11、scored c. would score d. would have scored【解析】句中otherwise為含蓄條件，相當(dāng)于if he had not hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，這是對(duì)過(guò)去的一種虛擬假設(shè)?！敬鸢浮縟(5) might have done表示“本來(lái)可能”，但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有發(fā)生的事。例如：(nmet2008江西)what a pity! considering his ability and experience, he _ better. a. need have done b. must have done

12、c. can have done d. might have done（三）表達(dá)“情感、態(tài)度、語(yǔ)氣” 等方面的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1. must表達(dá)“情感、態(tài)度、語(yǔ)氣”主要有以下用法：(1) 表示主觀的義務(wù)和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句，意思為“必須，得，要”；由must引起的疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答要用must或have to， 否定回答要用neednt或dont have to,意思是“不必”。另外，must與have to都可以表示“必須”這一含義。must表示一種主觀的需要，而have to表示一種客觀的需要，意思是“不得不”，其否定形式是don have to。 例如： -what sort of ho

13、use do you want to have? something big?-well, it _ be big-that's not important. a. mustn't b. needn't c. can't d. won't 【解析】something big?此處意為：must it be big? 回答者的意思是：房子不必太大那并不重要?！敬鸢浮縝 (2) must的否定形式mustnt表示禁止，意思是“不能，不許”。例如：(2008上海春)when i was young, i was told that i _ play with

14、matches a. wouldn't b. needn't c. mustn't d. daren't (3) must用于條件句或疑問(wèn)句中，可以用來(lái)表示責(zé)備、抱怨的感情色彩，意思為“偏要，硬要、干嘛”。例如：may i smoke here ?if you _, choose a seat in the smoking section. a. should   b. could   c. may   d. mustjohn, look at the time. _ you play the pian

15、o at such a late hour?amust bcan cmay dneed2. should(1) should應(yīng)該，表示“責(zé)任和義務(wù)”。例如：(nmet2008上海) according to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. a. mayb. can c. wouldd. should (2) 在虛擬條件句中用以加強(qiáng)假設(shè)語(yǔ)氣，表示“與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)”，用 if+主語(yǔ)+ should +動(dòng)詞原形，當(dāng)“萬(wàn)一(會(huì))”講。這時(shí)可省略if，將should提到句首，變?yōu)榈?/p>

16、裝句式。請(qǐng)看下面的例子： if it should rain (=should it rain) tomorrow, i would stay at home.萬(wàn)一明天下雨的話，我就待在家里。再如：_ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. a. would you be b. should you be c. could you be d. might you be【解析】句意：萬(wàn)一你被解雇，給你的醫(yī)療救助和其它方面的福利也不會(huì)被取消。答案b(3) should還可以用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人

17、對(duì)某事不能理解、趕到意外、驚異等意思，譯為“竟然，竟會(huì)”。例如：you cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. a. might b. need c. should d. would【解析】句意：你想象不到這么一個(gè)表現(xiàn)良好的紳士竟然會(huì)對(duì)一個(gè)女士這么粗魯。答案c3. shall(1) shall用于第一和第三人稱，常用于疑問(wèn)句中，用來(lái)征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)。例如：whats the name?khulaifi. _ i spell it for you? a. shall b. would c. can d. m

18、ight(2) 用于第二和第三人稱，表示“命令、威脅、警告、允諾、”等。例如：excuse me. but i want to use your computer to type a report.you _have my computer if you dont take care of it . a. shant b. might not c. neednt d. shouldnt【解析】shall此處表示“警告”。【答案】a(3) shall也用于宣布法律、規(guī)定的要求。例如：what does the sign over there read? “no person _ smoke or

19、 carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.” a. will b. may c. shall d. must4. can(1) can可以用來(lái)表示驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度，主要用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或感嘆句中。how _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have only covered only part of the article?a. can b. must c. need d. may 【答案】a(2) can也可以用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求或許可。例如

20、：mum, ive been studying english since 8 oclock. _i go out and play with tom for a while?no, im afraid not. besides, its raining outside now. a. cant b. wouldnt c. mayd. wont【答案】a (3) can可以表達(dá)一般的或永久的能力。be able to也可表達(dá)能力，但常用來(lái)表達(dá)在某件事情中所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的能力，尤指克服困難能夠完成某事。例如： if it were not for the fact that she _ sing,

21、i would invite her to the party. a. couldnt        b. shouldnt         c. cant        d. might not (97) the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. a. had to b. wo

22、uld c. could d. was able to 【答案】c d5. would(1)will與would可表示“意愿；意志 ”。john promised his doctor he _ not smoke and he has never smoked ever since. a. might b. should c. could d. would【解析】根據(jù)promise可知此處是john向醫(yī)生表明自己的意志?！敬鸢浮縟(2) would表示過(guò)去傾向性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。used to 也有這一用法，但used to即可用來(lái)表達(dá)過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，也可用來(lái)表示過(guò)去的狀態(tài)。例如： (上海

23、)when he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. a. would b. should c. had better d. might (07安徽)in my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than _. a. that used to be b. it is used to c. it was used to d. it used to be第一題would指過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；第二題it 替代l

24、ife, used to be 指過(guò)去的樣子。a d名校模擬試題匯編訓(xùn)練（15分鐘）1.【2012屆江西省臨川一中高三6月信息卷】23. why do you look so upset?-oh, i was fined for speedingi _ that fastashouldnt drive bmustnt drive ccouldnt have driven dshouldnt have driven 2.【2012屆安徽高考最后一卷】22.you had better break up with the boy, lucy.i dont hang out with him any

25、 more. you have told me that at the beginning.a. would b. should c. could d. must3.【2012屆安徽省六安一中高三第十次月考】25、does your uncle still smoke?he given it up. its two years ever since he .acant have; smoked bmay have; smokedcshould have; has smoked dshould have; didnt smoke【答案】b【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。may have done 表示“可

26、能已經(jīng)做某事了”；第二空表示“他不吸煙有兩年了”，此句型中用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作停止。4.【2012屆安徽省六安一中高三第十次月考】28、were committed to the project; we be here otherwise.ashant bshouldnt cwouldnt dneednt5.【2012屆上海市高考適應(yīng)性考試英語(yǔ)試卷】27. - i don't know why denise started crying when i mentioned the wedding.- it _ what you said about her brother. or, pe

27、rhaps she is just nervous. a. should have been b. couldnt have been c. could have been d. must have been【答案】c【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意：可能你談到了他的哥哥或者也許她緊張。6.【2012屆天津一中高三第五次月考】15. my pain _ obvious the moment i walked into the room, for the first man i met asked sympathetically, “are you feeling all right?”a. m

28、ust beb. must have beenc. might have beend. may be【答案】b【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。此處must have been表示對(duì)過(guò)去的事實(shí)的推測(cè)。7.【2012屆甘肅蘭州一中三診】8. the school recommends parents _ their children to swim in rivers or lakes during summer holidays.a. not permit b. do not permit c. mustnt permit d. couldnt permit8.【2012屆甘肅蘭州一中三診】20.

29、i cant believe that jeff _ have quarreled and fought with his boss. - well, if one _ ask for trouble, it just cant be helped.a. would; will b. must; may c. should; must d. need; dare 【答案】c【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。第一空should意為：竟然；第二空must意為：一定。句意：我不能相信jeff竟然和他的老板爭(zhēng)吵、打架。-如果一個(gè)人偏要找麻煩的話，那沒(méi)辦法。9.【2012屆西安八校聯(lián)考二】22mary did

30、n't turn up last time, did she?noshe _we had changed our planadidn't need to come bneedn't have comecshouldn't have come dneedn't have to come【答案】a【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意：mary上次沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)，是嗎？-不。她沒(méi)必要來(lái)。我們改變了計(jì)劃。10.【2012屆河北省唐山市三?！?6 you read when the power is off ? its harmful to your eyes .acanb

31、willcmustdmay11.【2012屆河北省唐山市三?！?4if only i the key with me ! then you would not have to wait for your wifes rescue.ahad had bhave had chaddhave【答案】c【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。此處表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句意：要是我?guī)е€匙該多好啊！12.【2012屆江蘇徐州市高考信息卷】30. does the suggestion sound reasonable that smith _ about his physical condition

32、 as soon as possible? a. must be told b. shall be told c. should be told d. may be told13.【2012屆江蘇徐州市高考信息卷】33. did our class win the game? we _, but li ping dropped out in the middle of the game because of his ankle injury. a. may have b. might have c. must have d. should have【答案】b【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意：我

33、們本可能贏得比賽的，但李平因踝受傷，中途退場(chǎng)。14.【2012屆江西臨川一中沖刺卷】28. its a pity that you _ leave so soon. its been so nice having you here.a、shouldb、couldc、cand、might15.【2012屆四川成都市樹(shù)德協(xié)進(jìn)中學(xué)5月月考】30. _ i read english loudly in the morning, i would start from today on. a. must b. should c. might d. shall【答案】b【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。含有if的條件句，如果把if省略，助動(dòng)詞前置。16.【2012屆福建漳州市四地七校第四次聯(lián)考】27 no wonder you caught a cold. you _ out last night without a coat. i know how silly i was. a. should have gone b. shouldnt have gone c. cant have gone d. mustnt have gone17.【2012屆福建漳州市四地七校第四次聯(lián)考】35without sir tim, the fath