現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)語法講解

1、the Present Perfect Tense現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主語主語+have (has)+過去分詞過去分詞1.She works in a factory.2.I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.3.We are going to have a picnic this Sunday.4.They held a sports meeting last week.5.Are you helping your mother ?過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去時(shí)的區(qū)

2、別：比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：*現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的是過去的發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的是過去的發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以造成的影響和結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如：不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如：yesterday，last night, three weeks ago, in 1990。*一般過去時(shí)表示的是過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和一般過去時(shí)表示的是過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，它可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，它可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。連用。I have seen the film.(我了解這

3、部電影的內(nèi)容。我了解這部電影的內(nèi)容。)I saw the film last week.（只說明上星期看了這部（只說明上星期看了這部電影，不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況。）電影，不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況。）1.過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。2.過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：have/has+v過去分過去分have breakfastI have just had my breakfast.(現(xiàn)在我不餓現(xiàn)在我不餓)Im not hungry nowmoved herein 2004I still live he

4、reI have lived here for three years.I have lived here since 2004/three years ago.句型轉(zhuǎn)換：I lived here 5 years ago.I have lived here for 5 years.I have lived here since 5 years ago.It ishas been 5 years since I lived here.1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示過去發(fā)生或已完成過去發(fā)生或已完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,也也就是說就是說,動(dòng)作

5、或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在現(xiàn)在還存在. I have lost my wallet.(含義是含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.) Jane has just had it.(含義是含義是:簡現(xiàn)在不餓了簡現(xiàn)在不餓了.) Michael has been ill.(含義是含義是:現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱) He has returned from abroad. (含義是含義是:現(xiàn)在已在此地現(xiàn)在已在此地) 2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來表示現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來表示發(fā)生在過發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作和去某一時(shí)刻一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)狀態(tài),常

6、與表示常與表示持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語連用持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語連用. 表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞多是表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞多是延續(xù)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞性動(dòng)詞。I havent seen her these days.Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)里不能用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的情況現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)里不能用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的情況:1.for+一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間2.since+過去時(shí)間（態(tài)）過去時(shí)間（態(tài)）3.How long的疑問句的疑問句注明：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：注明：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

7、態(tài)：I havent bought anything for two days.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可用于肯定句（但是，不能跟一段時(shí)間）。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可用于肯定句（但是，不能跟一段時(shí)間）。He has come back .He has come back for 2days.(錯(cuò)）錯(cuò)）He has been back for 2 days.for 和和since的運(yùn)用對比的運(yùn)用對比:for: +一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間 for two weeks for three yearssince 過去的某一時(shí)刻過去的某一時(shí)刻 since then，since last month，since 1990 一般過去時(shí)態(tài)

8、的時(shí)間狀語從句一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語從句 since she left注意注意:for 和和since 所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語都所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語都表示一段時(shí)間表示一段時(shí)間. He has been away for a week. He has been away since last week.對劃線部分提問都用對劃線部分提問都用How long3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用間狀語連用,如如already, yet, just, before, recently, still, lately等等: He has already obtained

9、 a scholarship. I havent seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet ？4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用連用,如如ever, never, twice, Have you ever been to Beijing？ I have never heard of Bunny.I have used this pen only three times. 5. 現(xiàn)在完成

10、時(shí)還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語連用的時(shí)間狀語連用,如如just, in the pastlast few(3)years, up to now, so far, for a long time(forlong), tilluntil now等等: 1.Peter has written six papers so far. 2.Up to now everything has been successful. 3.Shijiazhuang has changed a lot in the pastlast 3 years.6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在

11、之前已完成的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在之前已完成的動(dòng)作,雖雖然其效果或影響仍然存在但已不再繼續(xù)然其效果或影響仍然存在但已不再繼續(xù),但是但是有一些現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子有一些現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子,在后面加上在后面加上for+一一段時(shí)間段時(shí)間,則現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作就表示延續(xù)性則現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作就表示延續(xù)性. Tom has studied English. (現(xiàn)在不再學(xué)英語了現(xiàn)在不再學(xué)英語了) Tom has studied English for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and he is still study

12、ing it now.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的“完成完成”和和“未完成未完成”用法用法7. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用來表示過去的一現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用來表示過去的一個(gè)時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)個(gè)時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作作. We have had four texts this semester. 1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去和現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，不能和具體的時(shí)間狀語連用；2.都表示過去發(fā)生的事3.一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事或狀態(tài)與表示過去的具體時(shí)間連用（last, ago, yesterday, etc. ）presentpast現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別 當(dāng)有一個(gè)表

13、示過去某時(shí)的狀語時(shí)，不當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過去某時(shí)的狀語時(shí)，不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而多用一般過去時(shí)。能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而多用一般過去時(shí)。 I saw Mary an hour ago. She lost her handbag yesterday . 有些時(shí)間狀語，既能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，有些時(shí)間狀語，既能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，又能用于一般過去時(shí)，但意義上有差別。又能用于一般過去時(shí)，但意義上有差別。Ive written three letters this morning.（說話時(shí)仍是上午）（說話時(shí)仍是上午）I wrote three letters this morning.（說話時(shí)仍是上午或晚上）（說話時(shí)仍是上

14、午或晚上） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或事情發(fā)生在過現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或事情發(fā)生在過去，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還有可能繼續(xù)延去，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去；而一般過去時(shí)只表示發(fā)生在過去的續(xù)下去；而一般過去時(shí)只表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作或事情。動(dòng)作或事情。 I have taught this class for ten years. （還在教）（還在教） I taught this class for two years. （曾教過兩年，現(xiàn)在不教了）（曾教過兩年，現(xiàn)在不教了）1.我們買這本書三年了我們買這本書三年了.We have had the book for three years.2.他

15、感冒三天了他感冒三天了. He has had a cold for three days.We bought the book three years ago. He caught a cold three days ago.一般過去時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)同義轉(zhuǎn)換一般過去時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)同義轉(zhuǎn)換3.我借的這本書一周多了我借的這本書一周多了. I have kept the book for a week .4.我成為一個(gè)學(xué)生兩年多了我成為一個(gè)學(xué)生兩年多了. I have been a student for over two years. I borrowed the book a week

16、ago.I became a student two years ago.5.Mr Black死了三年了。死了三年了。Mr Black has been dead for three years.Mr Black died three years ago.eg. 兩年前他來這兒了。He came here two years ago.He has been here for two years /since two years ago It is/ has been two years since he came here.Two years has passed since he came

17、here.注注: 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀yesterday,last year,in 1980,three days ago, just now,when I came in等連用連用1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句中常見的時(shí)間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句中常見的時(shí)間狀語A.表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,不能是具體過去時(shí)間不能是具體過去時(shí)間 ( 1).for+表示一段時(shí)間的短語表示一段時(shí)間的短語 ( 2).since+表示過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語表示過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語 ( 3).since+表示過去時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語從句表示過去時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語從句eg.I have been a te

18、acher _ a year. He has been at this school _ 1992. We have learned 1,000 English words _ we came to this school.forsincesincePay attention 注意注意不能是具體過去時(shí)間不能是具體過去時(shí)間 B.just,already,yet,before/ ever,never 有此類副詞時(shí)有此類副詞時(shí),常強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作完成常強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作完成,不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù). eg. Have you _been to Japan? I have _ finished my home

19、work. I have finished my homework _. I havent finished my homework _.everjustalreadyyet2.區(qū)分區(qū)分短暫性動(dòng)詞短暫性動(dòng)詞與與持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞. 英語的行為動(dòng)詞大體可以分為兩大類型：一是英語的行為動(dòng)詞大體可以分為兩大類型：一是延延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，二是二是短暫短暫性動(dòng)詞。性動(dòng)詞。延續(xù)行動(dòng)詞延續(xù)行動(dòng)詞是指那些是指那些動(dòng)作意義不會(huì)一下完成，而是可以延續(xù)、發(fā)展的動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)作意義不會(huì)一下完成，而是可以延續(xù)、發(fā)展的動(dòng)詞。如：如：work,read,write,study等等,短暫性動(dòng)詞短暫性動(dòng)詞是指那些動(dòng)是指那些

20、動(dòng)作一次完成，不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞。如：作一次完成，不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞。如：come, go, buy, die, 等。等。表示短暫性表示短暫性(瞬間性瞬間性)的動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的的動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句中句中不能不能和和一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間連用連用.即即for,since短語或短語或how long問句問句I have bought this pen for two months.I have had this pen for two months.How long have you _ this pen.hadThe play has begun for an hour.has been on for a

21、n hour.結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用,但是他可以轉(zhuǎn)但是他可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.1.直接用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞直接用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 buy have catch(get) a cold have a cold borrowkeepCome/go /becomebe put on- wear2.轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞名詞 join the army be a soldierJoin the Party be a Party membergo to school be a student 3轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞形容詞

22、或副詞 diebe dead finish be over beginbe on leavebe away fall sleep be asleep close be closed4.轉(zhuǎn)換成轉(zhuǎn)換成 be+介詞短語介詞短語 go to school be in school join the army be in the army1.我們買這本書三年了我們買這本書三年了.We have had the book for three years.2.他感冒三天了他感冒三天了. He has had a cold for three days.We bought the book three yea

23、rs ago. He caught a cold three days ago.一般過去時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完一般過去時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)可以構(gòu)成同意句成時(shí)態(tài)可以構(gòu)成同意句非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（瞬間動(dòng)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（瞬間動(dòng)詞、點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞）詞、點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞buyhave borrowkeepclosebe closedopenbe opencome to, go to be in (at)joinbe a member of, be a member, be in, move tolive indiebe deadleave/ gobe away (from)wakeawakestart, beginbe

24、 onend/ finishbe overfall asleep, get to sleepbe asleepfall/ get ill/ sickbe ill/ sickget up be up非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（瞬間動(dòng)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（瞬間動(dòng)詞、點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞）詞、點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞return, come back, get back, go backbe backreach, arrive in/ at, get to be in (at)get, turn, become (變得；變得；成為成為)behear from, get/ receive a letter fromhave a le

25、tter fromgo outbe outcatch a coldhave a coldput onwear非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（瞬間動(dòng)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（瞬間動(dòng)詞、點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞）詞、點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞Correcting 1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months.2. My bother has joined the army since he was3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5 years.4. The film has been on since I have come to the cinema.5. Wh

26、en has Mr. Li caught a bad cold? have kepthas been in/ been a member of the armysince 5 years ago/ for 5 yearscame didcatch6. Ten years have passed since they got married.7. Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years.8.What time have the factory opened?9.I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twice10, The do

27、g has died for a month. hashas been indidopenbeen tobeen deadhave (has) gone和和have (has) been, have (has) been in 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別1.have (has) gone (to)表示表示“已經(jīng)去某地了已經(jīng)去某地了”（還沒回來）（還沒回來）She has gone to Shanghai .(她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，總之現(xiàn)在不在這里。海，總之現(xiàn)在不在這里。)2.have (has) been (to) 表示表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地曾經(jīng)去過某地”（是一種經(jīng)

28、歷，現(xiàn)（是一種經(jīng)歷，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了或就在說話地在已經(jīng)回來了或就在說話地), 可以和可以和once, twice, often, never, ever連用。連用。She has been to Shanghai three times.(她已經(jīng)不在上海，只說明她已經(jīng)不在上海，只說明她曾經(jīng)去過。她曾經(jīng)去過。)3. have (has) been in表示表示“待在某地待在某地”，和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)，和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用，如間狀語連用，如for+ 時(shí)間段，時(shí)間段， since+ 時(shí)間點(diǎn)。時(shí)間點(diǎn)。He has been in America for 6 years.1._ you _ Eng

29、land? Yes, it _ a beautiful country. A.Will, gone to, was B. Have, been to, is C. Had, been to, is D. Have, gone to, is 2.-_ you _ to Beijing? -No, I _.I _ there early next month. A.Have, been, havent, am going B. Had, been, hadnt, am going C. Have, gone, havent, was going D. Did, go, didnt, was goi

30、ng 3.-You sister _ to London to study English. Is that true? -Yes , she _ there for two months. A.has been, has been B. will go, has gone C. gone, will be D. has gone, has been 4.Where is Li Lei? He _ Shanghai. A.has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to 5. David _ Shanghai for more than three months. A.came to B. has bee