英語寫作技巧55803

1、 寫作基礎：寫好英語句子寫作基礎：寫好英語句子 1、詞匯問題、詞匯問題 (1) 同一漢語意思的動詞、名詞和形容詞混用。同一漢語意思的動詞、名詞和形容詞混用。 漢語的動詞、名詞和形容詞互相轉化詞性時，詞本漢語的動詞、名詞和形容詞互相轉化詞性時，詞本身不發(fā)生變化，而是由詞在句子中的位置來確定它身不發(fā)生變化，而是由詞在句子中的位置來確定它的詞性，或借助的詞性，或借助“的的”、“地地”、“得得”。例：。例： a. 學生學生抱怨抱怨作業(yè)太多。（作業(yè)太多。（ 動詞）動詞） b. 我不想再聽你的我不想再聽你的抱怨抱怨。（。（ 名詞）名詞） a. 如果你努力學習，你一定會如果你努力學習，你一定會成功成功。（。

2、（ 動詞）動詞） b. 他是一位他是一位成功成功的商人。（的商人。（ 形容詞）形容詞） c. 他的他的成功成功是由于他的勤奮。（是由于他的勤奮。（ 名詞）名詞） (2) 用詞不確切用詞不確切 學生所接觸的詞匯主要來自精讀和泛讀，他們所掌學生所接觸的詞匯主要來自精讀和泛讀，他們所掌握的詞匯有口語、一般用語、正式用語，也有俚語握的詞匯有口語、一般用語、正式用語，也有俚語、方言；有美國英語，也有英國英語。他們對同義、方言；有美國英語，也有英國英語。他們對同義詞或近義詞的細微區(qū)別不太了解，英語詞與近義漢詞或近義詞的細微區(qū)別不太了解，英語詞與近義漢字區(qū)別不清。例如：字區(qū)別不清。例如： 誤誤he fina

3、lly resolved the problem. 正正he finally solved the problem. resolve 的漢語意思是的漢語意思是“使分解使分解”、“解決解決”，resolve雖有解決之意，只是解決的不是問題，而是雖有解決之意，只是解決的不是問題，而是contradiction 或或doubt, 解決問題應用解決問題應用 “solve。 2 語法問題：常見病句、錯句分析語法問題：常見病句、錯句分析 2.1 串句（串句（run-on sentences） 1） 兩個完整句子只用逗號隔開兩個完整句子只用逗號隔開 english is a required course

4、in most colleges， a student must pass it before he earns his degree. 2) 兩個完整句子不適當地用連詞兩個完整句子不適當地用連詞and連接連接 i intend to go with your brother and you may do as you please. 3) 兩個完整句子串在一起兩個完整句子串在一起 students should be careful of punctuation trouble will result if they are careless. 改正串句的方法主要有四種：改正串句的方法主要有

5、四種： 1） 分成兩個句子分成兩個句子english is a required course in most colleges. a student must pass it before he earns his degree. 2) 用并列連詞用并列連詞and, but, or 或或nor 等連接兩個句子等連接兩個句子. 這這時須在并列連詞之前加逗號時須在并列連詞之前加逗號 english is a required course in most colleges and a student must pass it before he earns his degree. 3) 用分號連

6、接兩個句子用分號連接兩個句子 english is a required course in most colleges；a student must pass it before he earns his degree. 4）改成復合句：將其中一個句子變成另一個句子的從）改成復合句：將其中一個句子變成另一個句子的從句句 since english is a required course in most colleges， a student must pass it before he earns his degree. 2.2 破句（破句（fragmentary sentences）:把

7、句子的一部把句子的一部分當成一個句子。分當成一個句子。 in ten seconds i made my decision. a decision that changed the next seven years of my life. 分析：分析：“a decision that changed the next seven years of my life.”是一個帶有定語從句的名詞詞組是一個帶有定語從句的名詞詞組, 實際上只是這個句子的一部分。實際上只是這個句子的一部分。 if a person possesses the ability and desires to go to co

8、llege, i dont think money should stop him. even though in some cases it does. 分析：從句分析：從句“even though in some cases it does.”被錯當成一個句子。被錯當成一個句子。 改正方法改正方法: 1) 把破句變成另一個完整句子的一部分。這時，把破句變成另一個完整句子的一部分。這時，標點符號要做相應的變化，而破句的第一個字母標點符號要做相應的變化，而破句的第一個字母應該成小寫字母：應該成小寫字母： in ten seconds i made my decision-a decision

9、that changed the next seven years of my life. 2）把破句變成一個完整句子，加進必要的句子）把破句變成一個完整句子，加進必要的句子成分；或破句變成原來完整句子的從句：成分；或破句變成原來完整句子的從句： in ten seconds i made my decision. it was a decision that changed the next seven years of my life. if a person possesses the ability and desires to go to college, i dont think

10、money should stop him, even though in some cases it does. 2.3 贅句（贅句（wordy sentences/ redundancy）:用詞不簡練。用詞不簡練。表達某一思想，本來只要一、二個詞，卻用了冗長的詞組或表達某一思想，本來只要一、二個詞，卻用了冗長的詞組或者從句。者從句。 let me make one thing perfectly clear and that one thing is that one always want my readers to get the point of what i want to say

11、 immediately when they read my paper. 可該為：可該為：i always want my readers to get my point. 如何避免出現這種現象：如何避免出現這種現象： 1） 避免同義詞的重復避免同義詞的重復industrious and hard-working, buy and purchase, unbelievable and incredible; 2） 避免不必要的修飾語避免不必要的修飾語 (new)innovations,(very)perfect, kind(in nature) 3） 避免不必要的副詞避免不必要的副詞 rep

12、eat(again), return(back),continue(on), (still)remain 4） 避免同義連詞重復，刪去后者避免同義連詞重復，刪去后者 in order thatand(so that), sinceand (because) 2.4 修飾語錯位（修飾語錯位（modifiers in wrong position）：）： 1) 注意形容詞修飾語的定語位置和表語位置注意形容詞修飾語的定語位置和表語位置 排列順序排列順序1：限定詞：限定詞-描述性形容詞描述性形容詞- 形狀、大小、長度形狀、大小、長度-顏色顏色-來源、國籍來源、國籍-名詞性形容詞或動名詞名詞性形容詞或動

13、名詞-名詞名詞 排列順序排列順序2：主觀感情：主觀感情-客觀特性客觀特性- 質料質料-目的目的 an expensive green german steel and nylon tennis racket a torn blue nylon shirt her lovely long white french wooden sailing boat 2) 注意副詞或副詞詞組修飾語在句子中的位置注意副詞或副詞詞組修飾語在句子中的位置 方式副詞的位置：方式副詞的位置： a）在不及物動詞之后）在不及物動詞之后: she dances beautifully. b）在賓語之后或者動詞的前面）在賓語之

14、后或者動詞的前面: they secretly decided to leave the town. c) 如果賓語比較長如果賓語比較長,我們通常把副詞放在動詞之前我們通常把副詞放在動詞之前: she carefully pick up all the bits of broken glass.d) 副詞一般不放在動詞和賓語之間，但副詞一般不放在動詞和賓語之間，但well, badly, hard, fast等詞等詞例外。它們表示方式或程度時例外。它們表示方式或程度時,有時可以放在長賓語之前：有時可以放在長賓語之前：you know well that i cant drive. 注意：如果副

15、詞放在詞組或從句之后注意：如果副詞放在詞組或從句之后,通常被認為是該詞組或從句的通常被認為是該詞組或從句的修飾語。這時它的意思與把它放在動詞前的意思不一樣。試比較：修飾語。這時它的意思與把它放在動詞前的意思不一樣。試比較：they secretly decided to leave the town. they decided to leave the town secretly. e) 在動詞在動詞+介詞介詞+賓語的句子中賓語的句子中,副詞或放在介詞之前副詞或放在介詞之前, 或放在賓語之或放在賓語之后后:he looked suspiciously at me.he looked at me

16、 suspiciously. f) 兩個或兩個以上副詞或副詞詞組同時出現在句子中時兩個或兩個以上副詞或副詞詞組同時出現在句子中時,處理方法處理方法如下：如下：方式副詞放在時間副詞前方式副詞放在時間副詞前she cleaned the house thoroughly every weekend. 方式副詞放在地點副詞前方式副詞放在地點副詞前she put the bottles carefully on the doorstep.地點副詞放在時間副詞前地點副詞放在時間副詞前she sang at the town hall last night. 方式副詞方式副詞+地點副詞地點副詞+時間副詞時

17、間副詞she put the bottles carefully on the doorstep every morning.g）某些副詞或詞組）某些副詞或詞組,可以放在句首可以放在句首,起強調作用，但這時句子的主謂起強調作用，但這時句子的主謂要倒裝。這樣用的副詞或詞組有：要倒裝。這樣用的副詞或詞組有：never, seldom, scarcely, ever, scarcelywhen , hardlywhen, no soonerthan, nowhere, in no circumstances, on no account, only by, only than, only when,

18、 only in this way, not till, not only, so , neither, nor等等. he had hardly left the building when the earthquake began. hardly had he left the building when the earthquake began. he had no sooner left the building than the earthquake began. no sooner had he left the building than the earthquake began

19、. 2.5 懸垂修飾語（懸垂修飾語（dangling modifiers） 1) 分詞短語懸垂分詞短語懸垂 誤：誤：looking to the future，the computer field may seem very attractive to many people. 正：正：when we look to the future，the computer field may seem very attractive to many people. 2) 動名詞懸垂動名詞懸垂誤：誤：on hearing the news, my heart sank down. 正：正：on hear

20、ing the news, i felt my heart sinking down. 3) 不定式懸垂不定式懸垂誤：誤：to pass the exam, this exercise must be done. 正：正：to pass the exam, you must do this exercise. 4) 省略句懸垂省略句懸垂 誤：誤：when a baby, his parents abandoned him. 正：正：when he was a baby, he was abandoned by his parents. 2.6 結構不平行結構不平行誤誤:students nee

21、d textbooks, notebooks, and they need pens. 正正:students need textbooks, notebooks and pens. 誤誤:knowing how to study and to learn to budget time are important for college students. 正正:knowing how to study and learning to budget time are important for college students. 誤誤:what we want and the thing we

22、 do are often opposite. 正正:what we want and what we do are often contradictory. 2.7主謂不一致主謂不一致 誤誤:jack or jill are coming down the hill. 正正:jack or jill is coming down the hill. 誤誤:neither the teacher nor his students was prepared. 正正:neither the teacher nor his students were prepared. practice: i wo

23、nder who has made this new innovation. i wonder who has made this innovation. the city has a population of half a million people. the city has a population of half a million . i shall tell him when he returns back. i shall tell him when he returns . he offered to give me help. he offered me help. as

24、 the bus leaves only on alternative days, you have no alternate but to stay here overnight. as the bus leaves only on alternate days, you have no alternative but to stay here overnight. the guy continuously disturbed the meeting. the guy continually disturbed the meeting. the performance is credible

25、. the performance is creditable. i differ from the first speaker. i differ with the first speaker. the judge must be uninterested. the judge must be disinterested. we shall precede with the agenda as we have planned. we shall proceed with the agenda as we have planned. we shall leave early, providin

26、g that the weather is good. we shall leave early, provided that the weather is good. after all, we have learned some knowledge here. after all, we have acquired/obtained/gained some knowledge here. i am determined to contribute my whole life to the cause of education. i am determined to devote/dedic

27、ated my whole life to the cause of education. this accident gave us a deep impression. this accident left us a deep impression. this accident made a deep impression on us. the first rate service give people an irresistible attraction. the first rate service has an irresistible attraction for people.

28、 the first rate service gives an irresistible appeal to people. the earthquake made great damages to the village. the earthquake caused great damage to the village. half of my success belonged to my parents. i owed half of my success to my parents. i have no doubt for his ability. i have no doubt of

29、 /about his ability. we must conform with the rules. we must conform to the rules. we must guard from bad habits. we must guard against bad habits. we are indifferent for politics. we are indifferent to politics. we are very concerned with our environment. we are very concerned about our environment

30、. this article is concerned with air pollution. teenagersareseekingmutualrespect,theyusuallydoitinvain. teenagersareseekingmutualrespect,buttheyusuallydoitinvain. alotofstudentswastewater,idontlikeit. alotofstudentswastewater, which idontlike. wastingnaturalresources,therewillbeashortageinthefuture. wastingnaturalresources, we will face a shortage in the future. if we waste natural resources, therewillbeashortageinthefuture. tospeakenglishfluently,aconstantpracticeisimportant. tospeakenglishflue