人教版初一英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、初一英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)【知識(shí)梳理】I. 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. a bottle of2. a little3. a lot (of)4. all day5. be from6. be over7. come back8. come from9. do one s homework10. do the shopping11. get down12. get home13. get to14. get up15. go shopping16. have a drink of17. have a look18. have breakfast19. have lunch20. have supper21.

2、 listen to22. not at all23. put away24. take off25. throw it like that26. would like27. in the middle of the day28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening29. on a farm30. in a factoryII. 重要句型1. Let sb. do sth.2. Could sb. do sth.?3. would like sth.4. would like to do sth.5. What about something to eat?

3、6.How do you spell ?7.May I borrow ?III. 交際用語(yǔ)1. Thanks very much!You're welcome.2. Put it/them away.3. What's wrong?4. I think so. I don't think so.5. I want to take some books to the classroom.6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please. Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK. 9. What&

4、#39;s your favourite sport?10. Don't worry.11.I m (not) good at basketball.12. Do you want a go?13.That's right./ Thats all right./ All right.14.Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries?Yes, I do. / No, I don t.15. We / They have some CDs.We / They don t have any CDs.16. -What day is it t

5、oday / tomorrow?-It s Monday.17. -May I borrow your colour pens, please?-Certainly. Here you are.18. -Where are you from?-From Beijing.19. What's your telephone number in New York?20. -Do you like hot dogs?-Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very much.)-No, I don't. ( I don't like them at

6、 all.)21. -What does your mother like?-She likes dumplings and vegetables very much.22. -When do you go to school every day?-I go to school at 7:00 every day.23. -What time does he go to bed in the evening?-He goes to bed at 10:00.IV.重要語(yǔ)法1. 人稱(chēng)代詞的用法；2. 祈使句；3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成和用法；4動(dòng)詞 have 的用法；5一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)構(gòu)成和用法；6可數(shù)名

7、詞和不可數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成和用法【名師講解】1. That's right./ That s all right./ All right.That s right意為“對(duì)的”，表示贊同對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)、看法或行為，肯定對(duì)方的答案或判斷。例如： "I think we must help the old man.""我想我們應(yīng)該幫助這位老人。""That's right."或 "You're right.""說(shuō)得對(duì) " 。That s all right.意為“不用謝”、“沒(méi)關(guān)系”，用

8、來(lái)回答對(duì)方的致謝或道歉。例如："Many thanks." "That's all right.""Sorry. It's broken." "That's all right."Allright.意為“行了”、“可以”，表示同意對(duì)方的建議或要求。有時(shí)還可以表示“身體很好”"Please tell me about it." "請(qǐng)把此事告訴我。" "All right.""好吧。 "Is your mother

9、all right?你媽身體好嗎2. make/do這兩個(gè)詞都可以解釋為“做”，但含義卻不同，不能混用。make 指做東西或制東西，do指做一件具體的事。Can you make a paper boat for me?你能為我做個(gè)紙船嗎？He s doing his homework now.他正在做他的作業(yè)。3. say/speak/talk/tellsay ：是最口語(yǔ)化的最普通的一個(gè)詞，意為“說(shuō)出”、“說(shuō)道”，著重所說(shuō)的話(huà)。如：“I want to go thereby bus ”,he said.他說(shuō)，“我要坐汽車(chē)到那里去。”P(pán)lease sayit in English .請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)

10、。speak :“說(shuō)話(huà)”，著重開(kāi)口發(fā)聲，不著重所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容，一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞( 即后面不能直接接賓語(yǔ))。如： Can you speak about him? 你能不能說(shuō)說(shuō)他的情況？I dont liketospeak like this.我不喜歡這樣說(shuō)話(huà)。speak作及物動(dòng)詞解時(shí)，只能和某種語(yǔ)言等連用，表達(dá)在對(duì)話(huà)中恰當(dāng)使用詞匯的能力。如： She speaks English well.她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得好。talk : 與 speak 意義相近，也著重說(shuō)話(huà)的動(dòng)作，而不著重所說(shuō)的話(huà)，因此，一般也只用作不及物動(dòng)詞， 不過(guò)， talk 暗示話(huà)是對(duì)某人說(shuō)的，有較強(qiáng)的對(duì)話(huà)意味，著重指連續(xù)地和別人談話(huà)。如：

11、I would like to talk to him about it .我想跟他談那件事。 Old women liketo talk with children.老年婦女喜歡和孩子們交談。tell :“告訴” , 除較少情況外，一般后面總接雙賓語(yǔ)。如：Hes telling me a story.他在給我講故事。tell a lie 撒謊 tellsb. todosth./tellsb.not todo sth如： .Miss Zhao oftentells us to study hard.4. do cooking/ do the cookingdo cooking 作“做飯” 解，

12、屬泛指。 do the cooking特指某一頓飯或某一家人的飯。cooking為動(dòng)名詞，不能用作復(fù)數(shù)，但前面可用some, much修飾。從 do some cooking 可引出許多類(lèi)似的短語(yǔ)： do some washing洗些衣服 do some shopping買(mǎi)些東西 do some reading 讀書(shū) do some writing寫(xiě)些東西 do some fishing釣魚(yú)從以上短語(yǔ)可引申出另一類(lèi)短語(yǔ)，不能用some, much 或定冠詞。go shopping去買(mǎi)東西 go fishing去釣魚(yú) go boating去劃船 go swimming 去游泳5. like do

13、ing sth./ like to do sth.like doing sth.與 like to do sth.意思相同，但用法有區(qū)別。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)一般性的愛(ài)好或者表示動(dòng)作的習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常性；后來(lái)表示一次性和偶然性的動(dòng)作。例如：He likes playing football, but he doesn t like to play football with Li Ming.他喜歡踢足球，但是他不喜歡和李明踢。6. other/ others/ the other/ anotherother表其余的，別的，如： Have you any other questions?你還有其他問(wèn)題嗎 ?ot

14、hers別的人，別的東西 . 如： In the room some people are American, the others areFrench. 在屋子里一些人是美國(guó)人, 其他的是法國(guó)人。the other 表另一個(gè)（二者之中）one， theother如： One of my two brothersstudiesEnglish, the other studies Chinese.我兩個(gè)哥哥中的一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)英文, 另一個(gè)學(xué)中文。another表三者以上的另一個(gè)，另一些如：There is room for another few books on theshelf.書(shū)架上還可以放點(diǎn)書(shū)

15、。7. in the tree/ on the treein the tree與on the tree.譯成中文均為" 在樹(shù)上" 但英語(yǔ)中有區(qū)別。in the tree表示某人、某事（不屬于樹(shù)本身生長(zhǎng)出的別的東西）落在樹(shù)上，表示樹(shù)的枝、葉、花、果等長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)上時(shí)，要使用on the tree.如： There are some apples on the tree.果。 There is a bird in the tree.那棵樹(shù)上有只鳥(niǎo)。8. some/ anysome和 any 既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但有以下兩點(diǎn)需要注意。那棵樹(shù)上有些蘋(píng)(1)some 常用

16、于肯定句中，any 常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。如：There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass?There isn't any water in the glass.(2) 在說(shuō)話(huà)者希望得到肯定答復(fù)的一般疑問(wèn)句中，或在表示請(qǐng)求，邀請(qǐng)的疑問(wèn)句中，我們依然用 some。如： Would you like some tea?9. tall/ high(1) 說(shuō)人，動(dòng)物，樹(shù)木等有生命的東西，主要用tall，不用high，例如a tallwoman 一個(gè)高個(gè)子?jì)D女a(chǎn) tall horse一個(gè)高大的馬(2) 說(shuō)一個(gè)不

17、與地面接觸的人和物的高時(shí)，要用high ，而不用tall，比如人站在桌子上時(shí)，飛機(jī)飛上天時(shí)，例如：He is highup in the tree.他高高地爬在樹(shù)上。The plane issohigh in the sky.飛機(jī)在空中這么高。(3) 指建筑物、山時(shí)要 tall 或 high 都可以，不過(guò) high 的程度比 tall 高。(4)high可作副詞， tall不能。(5)tall的反義詞為short, high的反義詞為low.10. can/ could(1) can 表示體力和腦力方面的能力，或根據(jù)客觀(guān)條件能做某種動(dòng)作的" 能力 " 。例如：Can you

18、 ride a bike?你會(huì)騎自行車(chē)嗎?What can I do for you？要幫忙嗎？ Can you makea cake ？你會(huì)做蛋糕嗎？(2) can 用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)有時(shí)表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的" 懷疑 "" 猜測(cè) " 或不肯定。例如：Where can he be？他會(huì)在什么地方呢？Can the news be true？這個(gè)消息會(huì)是真的嗎？It surely can't be six o'clock already？不可能已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了吧？You can't behungryso soon ， Tom， you&#

19、39;ve just had lunch.湯姆，你不可能餓得這么快，你剛吃過(guò)午飯。What can he mean？他會(huì)是什么意思？在日常會(huì)話(huà)中， can 可代替 may表示 " 允許 " ，may 比較正式。 例如：You can come in any time.你隨時(shí)都可以來(lái)。- Can I use your pen？我能用你的鋼筆嗎？- Of course， you can.當(dāng)然可以。You can have my seat， I'm going now.我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。(3) couldcould是 can 的過(guò)去式，表示過(guò)去有過(guò)的能力和可能性（

20、在否定和疑問(wèn)句中）。例如例如：The doctor said he could help him.（能力）醫(yī)生說(shuō)他能幫助他。Lily could swim when she was four years old.（能力）當(dāng)麗麗四歲的時(shí)候她就會(huì)游泳。At that time we thought the story could be true.（可能性）那時(shí)我們以為所說(shuō)的可能是真的。could 可代替 can 表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，但語(yǔ)氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)。例如：Could I speak to John， please ？我能和約翰說(shuō)話(huà)嗎？Could you ？在口語(yǔ)中表示請(qǐng)求對(duì)方做事。例如：Could

21、you wait half an hour？請(qǐng)你等半個(gè)小時(shí)好嗎？ Could you please ring again at six？六點(diǎn)鐘請(qǐng)你再打電話(huà)好嗎？(4) can的形式只有現(xiàn)在式 can 和過(guò)去式 could 兩種形式。 能表示一般現(xiàn)在和一般過(guò)去兩種時(shí)態(tài)，有時(shí)也能表示將來(lái)。所有其他時(shí)態(tài)（包括將來(lái)時(shí)）須用be able to加動(dòng)詞不定式來(lái)表示。例如： They have not been able to come to Beijing.他們沒(méi)有能到北京來(lái)。11. look for/ findlook for 意為“尋找”，而find意為“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”這一動(dòng)作，并不注重

22、“找”的結(jié)果，而后者則強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”的結(jié)果。例如：She can t find her ruler.她找不到她的尺子啦。Tom is looking for his watch， but he can t find it.湯姆正在尋找他的手表，但沒(méi)能找到。12. be sleeping/ be asleepbe sleeping表示動(dòng)作，意思是“正在睡覺(jué)”；be asleep表示狀態(tài)，意思是“睡著了”。如： -Whatare the children doingin the room?孩子們?cè)诜块g里做什么？ -They aresleeping. 他們正在睡覺(jué)。The children are as

23、leep now.現(xiàn)在孩子們睡著了。13. often/ usually/sometimesoften表示 " 經(jīng)常 " ，sometimes 表示 " 有時(shí)候 " ，在表示發(fā)生頻率上 often 要高于 usually，usually要高于 sometimes 。這三個(gè)詞表示的是經(jīng)常性，一般性的動(dòng)作或情況，常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用，常位于主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面，其他謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（be 動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞）的后面，有時(shí)也可位于句尾。如果要加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，則放在句首。Weusuallyplay basketballafterschool. 我們通常放學(xué)后打籃球。Somet

24、imes I go to bedearly. 有時(shí)，我睡覺(jué)很早。He often reads English in the morning.他經(jīng)常在早晨讀英語(yǔ)。14. How much/ How manyhow much 常用來(lái)詢(xún)問(wèn)某一商品的價(jià)格，常見(jiàn)句式是How much is / are ?How much is the skirt?這條裙子多少錢(qián)？ How much are the bananas?這些香蕉多少錢(qián)？how much后加不可數(shù)名詞，表示數(shù)量，意為“多少“，how many 后加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。Howmuch meat do you want?你要多少肉呀？ Howman

25、y students are there in yourclass?你們班有多少人？15. be good for/ be good to/ be good atbe good for表示 " 對(duì)有好處 " ，而 be bad for表示 " 對(duì)有害 " ； be good to表示 "對(duì)友好 " ，而 be bad to表示 " 對(duì)不好 " ； be good at表示 " 擅長(zhǎng)，在方面做得好" ，而 be bad at 表示 " 在方面做得不好" 。如： Doing ey

26、e exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操對(duì)你的眼睛有好處。Eating too much is bad for you health.吃的太多對(duì)你的身體有害。Miss Li is good to all of us.李老師對(duì)我們所有的人都很友好。The boss is bad to his workers.這個(gè)老板對(duì)他的工人不好。Li Lei is good at drawing, but I'm bad at it.李雷擅長(zhǎng)畫(huà)畫(huà)，但是我不擅長(zhǎng)。16. each/ everyeach 和 every都有 " 每一個(gè) " 的意思，

27、但含義和用法不相同。each 從個(gè)體著眼， every 從整體著眼。 each可用于兩者或兩者以上， every只用于三者或三者以上。如： We each have a new book. 我們每人各有一本新書(shū)。 There are trees on each side ofthe street.街的兩旁有樹(shù)。He gets up early every morning.每天早晨他都起得早。each 可以用作形容詞、副詞和代詞；every 只能用作形容詞。如： Each of them has his ownduty. 他們各人有各人的義務(wù)。 They each want to do something different.他們每個(gè)人都想做不同的事情。17. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) / 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示說(shuō)話(huà)者的能力， 還有自然現(xiàn)象；而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（構(gòu)成方式為am/is /are/+doing）。I do my homework in the evening.我在晚上做作業(yè)。 I'm doing my homework now.我現(xiàn)在正在做作業(yè)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常與 now, these days, at the moment或 Look, listen等詞連用；而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常與often, alw