基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的連鎖企業(yè)的物流管理系統(tǒng)外文翻譯

1、專業(yè)英語課程論文（工業(yè)工程09級）姓名：許小會學(xué)號：310902020205教師：李發(fā)權(quán) 2012年 11 月23 日 an internet-based logistics management system for enterprise chainsabstractthis paper presents an internet-based logistics management system to coordinate and disseminate tasks and related information for solving the heterogeneous vehicle r

2、outing problem using appropriate heuristic techniques, for use in enterprise chain net works. its architecture involves a java web applet equipped with interactive communication capabilities between peripheral software tools. the system was developed in distributed software fashion technology for al

3、l computer platforms utilizing a web browser, focusing on the detailed road network of athens and the needs of the athens central food market enterprises. keywords: decision support system; e-logistics; transportation; vehicle routing problem1. introductionenterprise chains are the business model of

4、 the present and future regarding markets that involve small and medium company sizes. clearly, grouping activities towards a focused target facilitates an understandably improved market penetration guaranteed by a successful trade mark of a leading company in the field. several collaboration models

5、 that basically include franchising are introduced as a part of this integrated process. when such a network is introduced in order to exploit a commercial idea or business initiative and subsequently expanded as market penetration grows, several management issues arise regarding the operations of t

6、he entire network. such a network is the ideal place for organizing and evaluating in a more centralized way several ordinary operations regarding supply chain and logistics in fact, tools developed for organizing management processes and operational needs of each individual company, can be develope

7、d in a more centralized fashion and the services provided by the tool can be offered to each network member to facilitate transactions and tackle operations similarly. web-based applications are an ideal starting place for developing such applications. typically such systems serve as a central depot

8、 for distributing common services in the field of logistics. the commercial application is stored in a central server and services are provided for each member of the group. a prototype of such a server is described in previous work . this paper presents the completed internet system that is install

9、ed in the central web server of the athens central food market that deals with the integrated problem of distribution for 690 companies that comprise a unique logistics and retail chain of enterprises. the needs of each company are underlined and the algorithms developed are described within the uni

10、fied internet environment. the problem solved and services provided for each company is the one involving distribution of goods through a heterogeneous fleet of trucks. new insights of the heuristics employed are provided. a characteristic case study is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of t

11、he proposed approach for a real-world problem of distribution through the detailed road network of athens.2. distribution through heterogeneous vehicle fleetsthe fleet management problem presented in this paper requires the use of a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles that distribute goods through a net

12、work of clients. therefore, the system was designed in order to automatically generate vehicle routes (which vehicles should de-liver to which customers and in which order), using rational, quantitative, spatial and non-spatial information and minimizing simultaneously the vehicle cost and the total

13、 distance travelled by the vehicles, subject to the following constraints:l each vehicle has a predetermined load capacity, typically different from all other vehicles comprising the fleet (heterogeneous nature),l the capacity of a vehicle cannot be exceeded,l a single vehicle supplies each customer

14、s demand,l the number of vehicles used is predetermined2.1. neighborthe neighbor is defined as a blend of the most favorable local search moves that transforms one solution to another. in particular, in its taboo search iteration the type of move adopted is decided stochastically. a predefined proba

15、bility level is assigned to each move type. after that, it is decided whether the move operation is performed within a single route or between different routes, once more stochastically. this time, for both operations, the probability level is assigned a value of 50%. subsequently, the best neighbor

16、 that the selected move implies is computed. the move types employed are the 2-opt move (bell et al., 1983), the 11 exchange move, the10 exchange, on both single route and different routes.2.2. short-term memoryshort-term memory, known as taboo list, is the most often used component of taboo search.

17、 taboo list is imposed to restrict the search from revisiting solutions that were considered previously and to discourage the search process from cycling between subsets of solutions. for achieving this goal, attributes of moves, more precisely the reversals of the original ones, are stored in a tab

18、oo list. the reversal moves that contain attributes stored in taboo list are designated taboo and they are excluded from the search process. regarding the taboo search variant implemented, these attributes are the nodes involved in the move (all the moves used in this method can be characterized by

19、indicating only two nodes) and the corresponding routes where these nodes belong to. the number that arcs mobility is restricted is known as taboo list size or taboo tenure. the management of the taboo list is achieved by removing the move which has been on the taboo list longest.2.3. aspiration cri

20、terionthe aspiration criterion is a strategy for overriding the short-term memory functions. the taboo search method implemented, uses the standard aspiration criterion: if a move gives a higher quality solution than the best found so far, then the move is selected regardless its taboo status.taboo

21、search algorithm terminates when the number of iterations conducted is larger than the maximum number of iterations allowed.3. developing the internet-based application toolweb services offer new opportunities in business landscape, facilitating a global marketplace where business rapidly create inn

22、ovative products and serve customers better. whatever that business needs is, web services have the flexibility to meet the demand and allow to accelerate outsourcing. in turn, the developer can focus on building core competencies to create customer and shareholder value. application development is

23、also more efficient because existing web services, regardless of where they were developed, can easily be reused.many of the technology requirements for web services exist today, such as open standards for business to-business applications, mission-critical transaction platforms and secure integrati

24、on and messaging products. however, to enable robust and dynamic integration of applications, the industry standards and tools that extend the capabilities of to days business-to-business interoperability are required. the key to taking full advantage of web services is to understand what web servic

25、es are and how the market is likely to evolve. one needs to be able to invest in platforms and applications today that will enable the developer to quickly and effectively realize these benefits as well as to be able to meet the specific needs and increase business productivity.typically, there are

26、two basic technologies to be implemented when dealing with internet-based applications; namely server-based and client-based. both technologies have their strong points regarding development of the code and the facilities they provide. server-based applications involve the development of dynamically

27、 created web pages. these pages are transmitted to the web browser of the client and contain code in the form of html and javascript language. the html part is the static part of the page that contains forms and controls for user needs and the javascript part is the dynamic part of the page. typical

28、ly, the structure of the code can be completely changed through the intervention of web server mechanisms added on the transmission part and implemented by server-based languages such as asp, jsp, php, etc. this comes to the development of an integrated dynamic page application where user desire reg

29、arding problem peculiarities (calculating shortest paths, execute routing algorithms, transact with the database, etc.) is implemented by appropriately invoking different parts of the dynamic content of such pages. in server-based applications all calculations are executed on the server. in client-b

30、ased applications, java applets prevail. communication of the user is guaranteed by the well-known java mechanism that acts as the medium between the user and code.everything is executed on the client side. data in this case have to be retrieved, once and this might be the time-consuming part of the

31、 transaction.in server-based applications, server resources are used for all calculations and this requires powerful server facilities with respect to hardware and software. client-based applications are burdened with data transmission (chiefly related to road network data). there is a remedy to tha

32、t; namely caching. once loaded, they are left in the cache archives of the web browser to be instantly recalled when needed.in our case, a client-based application was developed. the main reason was the demand from the point of view for personal data discretion regarding their clients. in fact, this

33、 information was kept secret in our system even from the server side involved.data management plays major role in the good function of our system. this role becomes more substantial when the distribution takes place within a large and detailed road network like this of a major complex city. more spe

34、cifically, in order to produce the proposed the routing plan, the system uses information about:l the locations of the depot and the customers within the road network of the city (their co-ordinates attached in the map of the city),l the demand of the customers serviced,l the capacity of the vehicle

35、s used,l the spatial characteristics of road segments of the net work examined,l the topography of the road network,l the speed of the vehicle, considering the spatial characteristics of the road and the area within of which is moved,l the synthesis of the company fleet of vehicles.4. case studythe

36、system developed was used in the central food market of athens, greece. the specific market involves 2 area of 320,000m in the south-west region of athens greater area at the boundary of port of greece. this market is basically a hybrid of two submarkets; the first one involves fresh vegetables and

37、fruits and the second one fresh meat. a central food market is an organization that involves numerous small enterprises that sell and distribute fresh food products, chiefly fresh vegetables, fruits fish and meat. it is considered to be the place where supply and demand together and where prices det

38、ermined in conditions of transparency and open exchange. every day, the market is visited by thousands of operators and traders who consider it the best place in which to carry out their transactions. the market is used by companies specializing in the food sector, traditional retailers, the city ma

39、rkets, supermarkets, hypermarkets, hotel and catering establishments.the fresh vegetables and fruits market involves 690 small and medium enterprises that cover an area of 27,100m, while the meat market involves 105 small 2 and medium enterprises that cover an area of 6050m. as a complementary area

40、to the markets, athens central food market has a services and warehouses area, to serve the growing economic activity generated by the food unit. cash& carry, purchase centers, distribution and logistics, storage, handling and packaging, cold stores available for rent, motor vehicle services .in

41、 short, all the services operators required. the market need for effective logistics requires specialization and investment, in order to be competitive and provide the growing level of service demanded. every day, this market complex offers a selection of fruits and vegetables, both in the range of

42、products and varieties and in the sheer volume on offer, which makes it the largest fruit and vegetable market in greece and one of the largest in europe. athens central market responds to the challenge of effectively and reliably serving the most important food sector in greece, offering a wide var

43、iety of vegetables, fruits, meats, meat products in unrivalled conditions of hygiene and safety. the meat market is concerned not only with distribution but also with production. many farmers participate directly in the athens central market, as it actively promotes products with denomination of ori

44、gin and quality certificates. athens central market installations involve roughly 500 parking places.the application can be found at the internet address http:/www.okaa.gr/router/default.asp, through secure cookie entrance. the system was appropriately coded in the form of a java applet encapsulated

45、 in a web page accessible by the users through the web server of the organization. there were several restrictions that were taken into consideration as user requirements. the application had to be compact, user-friendly, the data entered that would concern a specific enterprise could not be transpa

46、rent to others, including the organization and full reports ready to use by truck drivers had to be generated.基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的連鎖企業(yè)的物流管理系統(tǒng)摘要本文介紹了一種基于internet的物流管理系統(tǒng)，以協(xié)調(diào)和傳播解決異構(gòu)車輛路徑問題采用適當(dāng)?shù)膯l(fā)式技術(shù)，任務(wù)和相關(guān)信息，為企業(yè)的連鎖網(wǎng)絡(luò)作品使用。其體系結(jié)構(gòu)包括一個java的web小程序與外設(shè)之間的互動溝通的軟件工具的功能配備。該系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)方式，在分布式軟件技術(shù)的所有電腦使用一個web browser平臺，在雅典的詳細(xì)道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)為重點和雅典中

47、央食品市場企業(yè)的需要。 關(guān)鍵詞：決策支持系統(tǒng)，電子物流，運輸，車輛路徑問題前言企業(yè)連鎖經(jīng)營模式是對當(dāng)前及未來的市場，包括中小型公司規(guī)模。顯然，使集團的重點目標(biāo)是可以理解的活動有利于提高市場占有率由一家公司成功的商標(biāo)保證在外地。幾個合作模式，基本上包括引入特許經(jīng)營作為這一進(jìn)程的一部分。當(dāng)這種網(wǎng)絡(luò)的引入，以利用商業(yè)理念或企業(yè)的倡議，并隨后擴大市場滲透率的增長，若干管理問題方面出現(xiàn)的整個網(wǎng)絡(luò)的運作。這種網(wǎng)絡(luò)是組織和較集中的方式對一些普通業(yè)務(wù)供應(yīng)鏈和物流從評估的理想場所，工具，組織管理流程及個別公司的業(yè)務(wù)需要開發(fā)的，可以更集中的方式發(fā)展和該工具提供的服務(wù)可以提供給每個網(wǎng)絡(luò)成員促進(jìn)交易和處理業(yè)務(wù)類似?；?/p>

48、于web的應(yīng)用是一個理想的起點為開發(fā)此類應(yīng)用的地方。通常這些系統(tǒng)作為分配在物流領(lǐng)域的共同服務(wù)的中心倉庫。商業(yè)應(yīng)用存儲在中央服務(wù)器和服務(wù)的每個組的成員提供。一個這樣的服務(wù)器原型描述了以前的工作。本文介紹了完成跨網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)，在雅典中央副食品批發(fā)市場中央web服務(wù)器上安裝的處理分配690公司，包括一個獨特的物流和零售連鎖企業(yè)的整合問題。每家公司的需要是強調(diào)和算法開發(fā)的范圍內(nèi)統(tǒng)一的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境描述。解決問題和服務(wù)的每一個公司提供的是一個涉及通過混合車隊的卡車貨物分配。嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)啟發(fā)式解法為就業(yè)提供新的見解。阿特征的案例研究，提出說明，通過詳細(xì)的道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)雅典的一個現(xiàn)實世界的分布問題提出方法的有效性。1、 通過異構(gòu)車隊

49、分布該艦隊管理問題本文提出需要的車輛混合車隊使用的方式來分配網(wǎng)絡(luò)的客戶貨物。因此，該系統(tǒng)是為了設(shè)計，自動生成車輛路線（即車輛應(yīng)提供哪些客戶的順序），使用合理，數(shù)量，空間和非空間信息和車輛，同時盡量減少成本和總距離行駛的車輛，須符合下列限制：每輛車有一個預(yù)先確定的負(fù)載能力，通常是由組成的船隊（異質(zhì)性）的所有其他車輛不同，車輛的能力，不能超越，一個單一的汽車用品每個客戶的需求，所用車輛的數(shù)目，預(yù)先確定的。2.1鄰里附近的定義是最有利的本地搜索動作，變換另一種解決辦法融合。特別是，通過在其禁忌搜索迭代的移動類型隨機決定。預(yù)定義的概率水平，分配給每個移動類型。在此之后，決定是否執(zhí)行移動操作是在一個單一

50、的路線或不同的路線，再次隨機。這一次，這兩個行動的概率水平分配50的價值。隨后，最好的鄰居說，此舉意味著選擇計算。此舉類型就業(yè)是2選項移動，交易所將在1-1（埃文斯與努爾貝克，1985），當(dāng)前第1頁- 0 移動交換，單路和不同路線。2.2短期記憶短期記憶，因為禁忌名單稱為，是禁忌搜索最常用的組成部分。禁忌名單去限制從重新被認(rèn)為以前并勸阻，從解決方案的子集之間的循環(huán)搜索過程的解決辦法。為實現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，屬性的動作，更準(zhǔn)確地原有的逆轉(zhuǎn)，被存儲在一個禁忌名單。逆轉(zhuǎn)動作，包含屬性禁忌列表存儲在指定禁忌，他們在搜索過程之外。關(guān)于禁忌搜索變種實施，這些屬性是在移動過程中的節(jié)點（所有的動作中使用的這種方法可以

51、通過指出只有兩個節(jié)點的特點）和在這些節(jié)點屬于相應(yīng)的路線。這個數(shù)字是；靈活限制被稱為禁忌列表的大小或禁忌的任期。禁忌的列表管理是通過消除已禁忌名單上最長的已移動。2.3 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)意愿標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的愿望是壓倒一切的短期記憶功能的策略。禁忌搜索方法的實施，使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的期望標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：如果此舉給出了更高質(zhì)量的最佳解決方案，比迄今為止發(fā)現(xiàn)的話，將被選中，不論其禁忌的地位。禁忌搜索算法終止時的迭代次數(shù)進(jìn)行比允許的最大數(shù)量較大的迭代。3、發(fā)展基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的應(yīng)用工具web服務(wù)提供的商業(yè)景觀的新機會，促進(jìn)全球市場在業(yè)務(wù)快速推出創(chuàng)新的產(chǎn)品和客戶提供更好的服務(wù)。無論是企業(yè)需要的是，web服務(wù)可以靈活地滿足需求，并允許加速外包。反過來，開發(fā)人員可以專注于構(gòu)建核心競爭力，創(chuàng)造客戶和股東價值。應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)，也更有效，因為現(xiàn)有的web服務(wù)，無論他們在那里開發(fā)的，可以很容易地重用。 對網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)的技術(shù)要求，很多今天存在的，如營業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，業(yè)務(wù)應(yīng)用，關(guān)鍵任務(wù)交易平臺和安全的一體化和信息產(chǎn)品。不過，為使強大和動態(tài)系統(tǒng)的綜合應(yīng)用，行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和工具，擴大天的業(yè)務(wù)能力，對企業(yè)的互操作性是必需的。在采取了充分利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)的關(guān)鍵是要了解什么是web服務(wù)，以及如何在市場可能發(fā)生變化。人們需要能夠在今天的平臺和應(yīng)用的投資，使開發(fā)人員快速而有效地