必修一第四單元語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)

1、Book 1 Unit 4 Earthquakes language points 1. In the farmyard, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 農(nóng)家大院里，雞甚至豬都緊張得不吃東西。 1) Both Wang Wei and Wang Kun were too tired to walk any more.(累得不能步行) 2) The earth will become too hot to live on.（熱得我們不能居?。?3) The work was too hard for him to

2、do.（太難了，他不能做）2. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 【寓詞于境寓詞于境】 閱讀下列句子，并試著閱讀下列句子，并試著總結(jié)總結(jié)burst在句中的詞性、含義及用法。在句中的詞性、含義及用法。1) The pipes had burst and the house was under two feet of water.2) The police burst into the room and took the young man away. 3) Hearing the news, the

3、 woman burst into laughter.5) There was a burst of laughter in the next room. 4) She burst out crying for no reason, which surprised us.burst作作 _ 詞，意思是詞，意思是 _（句（句1）；）；常用于短語(yǔ)常用于短語(yǔ) burst into + a room, building, etc. 闖入，突然破門而入（句闖入，突然破門而入（句2）；）；burst into + n. 突然爆發(fā)，突然突然爆發(fā)，突然起來（句起來（句3）；）；burst out doing突

4、然突然（句（句4）。）。burst作作 _ 詞，意思是詞，意思是 _（句（句5），還可指），還可指“爆裂；破裂之處，裂口爆裂；破裂之處，裂口”。動(dòng)動(dòng)爆裂爆裂名名突然一陣突然一陣 用用burst或其短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空?；蚱涠陶Z(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1) The plane crashed and _ flames.2) The dam _ because of the heavy rain.3) It looked as if Kate was about to _ _ tears.4) Everyone was quiet when John suddenly _ laughing.burst o

5、utburst intoburstburstinto突然開始做某事突然開始做某事1). _ flames. (房子一下子燒了起來房子一下子燒了起來)2). The little girl _. (突然哭了起來突然哭了起來)= The little girl _. The house burst intoburst into tearsburst out crying 3. It seemed that the world was at an end.似乎世界末日來臨。 It seemed that (看來)she didnt do it on purpose. 2). It seemed to

6、 me that (我看來) he was late for the train. 3). There seems to be something wrong with the machine . (機(jī)器似乎出了毛病) 4). He seemed to be pleased (他看起來很高興) with the work. 4. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. ruin n. U毀壞；毀滅，崩潰毀壞；毀滅，崩潰 C(pl.) 廢墟，遺跡廢墟，遺跡 v. (使使)破產(chǎn)，破產(chǎn)，(使使)墮落，毀滅墮落，毀滅 in ruin

7、s 成為廢墟；破敗不堪成為廢墟；破敗不堪 come/fall to ruincome/fall to ruin 毀滅，滅亡；崩潰；破壞掉毀滅，滅亡；崩潰；破壞掉 ruin oneself 自取滅亡自取滅亡 (2)Years of fighting have left the area _. 多年的戰(zhàn)事已經(jīng)使得這個(gè)地區(qū)滿目瘡痍。 (3)A large number of churches _ after the revolution. 革命過后，許多教堂都?xì)Я恕?(4)The heavy rain _. 大雨把我們的假期徹底搞糟了。 (5)If you go on like this, youl

8、l _. 如果你繼續(xù)這樣下去，你會(huì)自己毀了自己。in ruinsfell to ruinruined our holidayruin yourselflie (lay, lain): to be, remain or be kept in a certain statein ruins: severely damaged or destroyedruindestroydamageruinedIn the flood many cars were badly _.The buildings were badly _ in the attack of the enemies.The bad new

9、s completely _ my hope.damageddestroyed damage 指部分指部分“損壞損壞”、“損害損害”、“破壞破壞”或指使用價(jià)值有所降低。它可或指使用價(jià)值有所降低。它可以用作動(dòng)詞以用作動(dòng)詞, 也可以用作名詞也可以用作名詞, 用作名詞用作名詞時(shí)常與時(shí)常與 to something 連用。連用。e.g. The accident did a lot of damage to his car. destroy 只能用作動(dòng)詞只能用作動(dòng)詞, 指徹底破壞指徹底破壞, 以致不可能修復(fù)以致不可能修復(fù), 常作常作“破壞破壞”、“毀滅毀滅”解解, 也可以指希望、計(jì)劃等打破。也可以指希

10、望、計(jì)劃等打破。e.g. The earthquake destroyed almost the whole town. ruin指對(duì)物體或生命徹底的破壞，但指對(duì)物體或生命徹底的破壞，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次的打往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次的打擊結(jié)果，常指對(duì)美好的或希望中的事物擊結(jié)果，常指對(duì)美好的或希望中的事物的破壞。的破壞。e.g. The fire ruined the house. The company is facing ruin. The house has fallen into ruin.Smoking ruined his health.吸煙毀了他的健康。吸煙毀了他

11、的健康。She ruined his prospects.她毀了他的前途。她毀了他的前途。Everywhere they looked nearly everything was _. destroyedHe _ his girl friends prospects.ruinedSoft wood _ easily.damages (1)The car was only slightly _in the accident. 這輛車在事故中只受到輕微的損壞。這輛車在事故中只受到輕微的損壞。 (2)That will_ the reputation of our products. 那會(huì)毀了我們產(chǎn)

12、品的聲譽(yù)。那會(huì)毀了我們產(chǎn)品的聲譽(yù)。 (3)The crops are nearly _ _by the continuous rain. 連續(xù)不斷的雨水幾乎毀壞了這些農(nóng)作物。連續(xù)不斷的雨水幾乎毀壞了這些農(nóng)作物。damageddestroyruinedTwo thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 1). Two-thirds of the students are (be) against the plan. 2). Nearly three fourths of the earth is (be) covered

13、by water. 1) Their criticisms have hurt him deeply. 3）He was slightly injured in the car accident. 4）He got wounded in the fighting. 5）What you said hurt my feeling. 3). Im sure smoking harm(有害) you. 4). Of course I didnt want to hurt your feelings (傷害他的感情). 5). He was injured (受傷) in both legs.Hurt

14、/injure/wound/harm (1)The robber _ him with a knife. 那強(qiáng)盜用刀刺傷了他那強(qiáng)盜用刀刺傷了他。 (2)These criticisms have_his pride deeply. 這些批評(píng)使他的自尊心深深地受到了傷害。這些批評(píng)使他的自尊心深深地受到了傷害。 (3)Two people have been badly _ in the accident. 有兩個(gè)人在這次事故中嚴(yán)重受傷了。有兩個(gè)人在這次事故中嚴(yán)重受傷了。 (4)Dont_ your eyes by reading in dim light. 不要在昏暗的燈光下看書，以免損傷眼睛。

15、不要在昏暗的燈光下看書，以免損傷眼睛。wounded hurt injuredharm6. People were shocked.e.g. I was shocked by the way he treated his own mother.I was shocked at her smoking.shock v. （使）震驚，使驚愕（使）震驚，使驚愕e.g. Whoever touches that wire can get badly shocked. e.g. It gave me quite a shock to be told I was seriously ill.shock v

16、. 使受電擊使受電擊shock n. 震驚震驚e.g. An electric shock can kill you.shock n. 電擊電擊有類似用法的詞有很多，如：有類似用法的詞有很多，如：interest, frighten, excite, puzzle, satisfy 等。等。shock 有兩種分詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的形容詞有兩種分詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的形容詞形式：形式：shocking令人震驚的令人震驚的(用來修飾物用來修飾物); shocked震驚的震驚的(用來修飾人用來修飾人)。 用用shock的適當(dāng)形式填空。的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1) The news of his mothers death wa

17、s a terrible _ to him. 2) What _ us most was that such a good boy should quarrel with his father.3) O Henrys short stories always gave the readers _ endings.shockingshockshocked(1)The news of his wifes death was _ him.他妻子去世的消息對(duì)他打擊太大了。他妻子去世的消息對(duì)他打擊太大了。(2)He _ her smoking.看到她在吸煙，他很吃驚?？吹剿谖鼰?，他很吃驚。(3)_to

18、 see how my neighbours treated their children.看到鄰居們?nèi)绾螌?duì)待孩子，我感到震驚看到鄰居們?nèi)绾螌?duì)待孩子，我感到震驚。a terrible shock towas shocked atIt shocked me 7. All hope was not lost. (=There was still some hope.): Not all hope was lost. 不是所有希望都破不是所有希望都破滅了。（也不是所有希望都沒有了。）滅了。（也不是所有希望都沒有了。） all, both, each, every與與 not 連用表示部連用表示部分否

19、定；分否定； no +名詞名詞, neither, none + 肯定謂語(yǔ)表示肯定謂語(yǔ)表示全否定。全否定。 1) Both the answers are not right. _ is right. (全否定全否定) 2) None of us were (was) allowed to go there. _ to go there. (部分否定部分否定) 3) Each of the three hasnt the opportunity. _ has the opportunity. (全否定全否定)Neither of the answersAll of us were not al

20、lowedNone of the three7. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. 閱讀下列句子，注意閱讀下列句子，注意trap的意思及用法。的意思及用法。1) The elevator broke down and we were trapped inside (it). 2) I must take no notice of their politeness or kindness which was designed to trap me into giving information

21、.3) If were lucky, the thief will fall right into our trap.歸納歸納 trap 可以作可以作 _，意為：，意為： _（句（句1）?？梢詷?gòu)成短語(yǔ)）?？梢詷?gòu)成短語(yǔ)trap sb. into (doing) sth.，表示，表示“使中計(jì)；使陷使中計(jì)；使陷入圈套入圈套”（句（句2）。也可以作名詞，意為：）。也可以作名詞，意為： _（句（句3）；）； _（句（句4）。）。動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞使陷入困境使陷入困境困境困境陷阱陷阱4) To break out of the trap they need help from the government. 根據(jù)括

22、號(hào)內(nèi)的提示完成句子。根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的提示完成句子。1. I knew perfectly well _ (這是一個(gè)陷阱這是一個(gè)陷阱).2. By clever questioning, they _ (誘使他誘使他) making an agreement.it was a trap trapped him into2. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. 這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。句子的主干是這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。句子的主干是_。_

23、引導(dǎo)非限制引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾people。But the one million people were asleep as usual that nightwho think little/much/highly of The boy was highly thought of for his kindness. (由于他的善舉而得到了大家的高度贊揚(yáng)。由于他的善舉而得到了大家的高度贊揚(yáng)?！痉g翻譯】 但是，唐山市的一百萬(wàn)居民幾但是，唐山市的一百萬(wàn)居民幾乎都沒有把這些情況當(dāng)作一回事，當(dāng)天乎都沒有把這些情況當(dāng)作一回事，當(dāng)天晚上照常睡著了。晚上照常睡著了?！痉聦懛聦憽?但是

24、，那位與我素不相識(shí)的年但是，那位與我素不相識(shí)的年輕人，那天就像我的親兄弟一樣幫助我輕人，那天就像我的親兄弟一樣幫助我擺脫了困境。擺脫了困境。_But the young man, whom I didnt know, helped me out like my own brother that day. 4. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 部隊(duì)人員組成小分隊(duì)，將受困的人們挖部隊(duì)人員組成小分隊(duì)，將受困的人們挖 出來，將死者掩埋。出來，將死者掩埋。 句子的主干是句子的

25、主干是The army organized teams, to dig out . and to bury . 這兩個(gè)不定式短這兩個(gè)不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)，語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)，who were trapped是定語(yǔ)從是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾句，修飾 _。 those【仿寫仿寫】 他們種下許多果樹，讓那些窮他們種下許多果樹，讓那些窮人富裕起來，而且也是為了保護(hù)環(huán)境。人富裕起來，而且也是為了保護(hù)環(huán)境。_They planted plenty of fruit trees to make those who were poor rich and also to protect the environment.dig

26、 out 挖掘；發(fā)現(xiàn)挖掘；發(fā)現(xiàn)to dig out the tapped miners把困在井下的礦工們挖救上來把困在井下的礦工們挖救上來to dig oneself out of the snow自己從雪堆中爬出來自己從雪堆中爬出來e.g. We dug out the truth from a mass of information.我們從一大堆材料中發(fā)現(xiàn)了真相。我們從一大堆材料中發(fā)現(xiàn)了真相。bury: The dog buried the bone in the ground.I buried myself in my studies. bury oneself in = be buri

27、ed in 專注于專注于; 全神貫注于全神貫注于他專心致志于他的研究以至于忘了要與機(jī)他專心致志于他的研究以至于忘了要與機(jī)場(chǎng)接他的妻子。場(chǎng)接他的妻子。He was so much absorbed in his study that he forgot to meet his wife in the airport.11. For days the water in the village rose and fell, rose and fell.rise vi. (rose, risen)上升上升; 升起升起; 上漲上漲; 升高升高; 增加增加 raise vt.( raised, raise

28、d) 舉起舉起, 抬起，喂養(yǎng)抬起，喂養(yǎng) He _ from his chair when the doorbell rang. Her job is _ chickens. Her temperature is still _. He _ in rank recently.roseraisingrisinghas risen 12. congratulation n 1） 慶賀，祝賀，常用復(fù)述形式，并與介詞慶賀，祝賀，常用復(fù)述形式，并與介詞on搭配，搭配， 構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)congratulations on sth. /doing . 2）Congratulations ( on your

29、winning the races)！恭喜（你獲得了勝利）！恭喜（你獲得了勝利）！ I offered _ his success. 我對(duì)他的成功表示了祝賀我對(duì)他的成功表示了祝賀。 3）congratulate v. 構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成短語(yǔ) congratulate sb. on sth. /doing. congratulate oneself that.：my congratulations on 1）Well, congratulate yourself _. 你應(yīng)該為你自己未受誘惑而慶幸。你應(yīng)該為你自己未受誘惑而慶幸。 2）We _ the examination. 我們祝賀他通過了考試。我

30、們祝賀他通過了考試。 3) I _ from illness. 我祝賀你康復(fù)。我祝賀你康復(fù)。that you resisted the temptationcongratulated him on having passedcongratulate you on your recovery13. express vt. 表示；表達(dá)表示；表達(dá); n. 快車；快遞快車；快遞 1. I cannot express to you how grateful I am. 我無法向你表達(dá)我是多么感激。我無法向你表達(dá)我是多么感激。 2. The value of this exercise is that

31、it gets the students to express themselves freely. 這項(xiàng)練習(xí)的價(jià)值在于它能促使學(xué)生自由地表達(dá)自己的思這項(xiàng)練習(xí)的價(jià)值在于它能促使學(xué)生自由地表達(dá)自己的思想。想。 3. My friend and I returned to town by the midnight express. 我和我朋友乘午夜的快車回城。我和我朋友乘午夜的快車回城。 4. Can I deliver the pacel by express? 我可以用快遞寄送這份文件嗎？我可以用快遞寄送這份文件嗎？14. It seemed that the world was at an

32、end.似似乎世界末日來臨。乎世界末日來臨。seem連系動(dòng)詞，連系動(dòng)詞，“似乎，好像似乎，好像”1）seem + (to be ) + adj./n.2）seem + to do3）seem + like + n.4）It seems/seemed (to sb.) + that-clause如：如：He _ quite happy.(他似乎很快樂。他似乎很快樂。)=It _ is quite happy.seems to beseems that It _ I have seen her before. （我好像以前曾經(jīng)見過她。）（我好像以前曾經(jīng)見過她。） = I _ before. It

33、_ years since we last met. （從上次我們相遇后，好像過了好久）（從上次我們相遇后，好像過了好久） =It _ years since we last met.seems thatseem to have seen herseems likeseems to be 1. 好像好像他的事業(yè)就快要結(jié)束結(jié)束了。 It seems that his career is at an end. 2. 據(jù)報(bào)道據(jù)報(bào)道，我們市吸煙人數(shù)已達(dá)到100萬(wàn)。It is reported that the number of smokers in our city has reached one

34、million. 3. 我想知道這些幸存者是如何被營(yíng)救營(yíng)救的。I wondered how the survivors were rescued. 4. 百分之六十的旅客寧愿住在窗朝南的房間。 Sixty percent of the travelers prefer to live in the rooms whose windows face south. 5. 他的工作丟丟了，但并非所有并非所有美好的希望都破滅了。His job was gone but not all the hope was lost. 6. 學(xué)校將組織組織學(xué)生在操場(chǎng)周圍挖挖一條水溝并植樹The school will organize the students to dig out a channel and plant trees around the playground. 7. 消防員沒有多考慮沒有多考慮個(gè)人的安危,像平常一樣將困在困在大火中的人員援救出來. The