lecture 21看電影學(xué)美國(guó)歷史

1、 Introduction to British and American CulturePart Two History of the United StatesColonization of North America Introduction to British and American Culture看電影學(xué)歷史：看電影學(xué)歷史：lWar of Indepence：愛國(guó)者愛國(guó)者l南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)：南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)：亂世佳人，亂世佳人， 冷山冷山l種族戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)：種族戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)：一個(gè)國(guó)家的誕生一個(gè)國(guó)家的誕生，最后的莫西，最后的莫西干人，干人，與狼共舞與狼共舞l西部運(yùn)動(dòng)：西部運(yùn)動(dòng)：大地雄心大地雄心l現(xiàn)代歷史：現(xiàn)代歷史

2、：美國(guó)往事、燃情歲月美國(guó)往事、燃情歲月、邦、邦尼和克萊德、鐵拳男人、尼和克萊德、鐵拳男人、 大河戀大河戀 l世界大戰(zhàn)：世界大戰(zhàn)：珍珠港珍珠港,卡薩布蘭卡卡薩布蘭卡、遙遠(yuǎn)、遙遠(yuǎn)的橋、巴頓將軍、最長(zhǎng)的一天、的橋、巴頓將軍、最長(zhǎng)的一天、拯拯救大兵瑞恩救大兵瑞恩魂斷藍(lán)橋魂斷藍(lán)橋 Introduction to British and American CultureAmerica Introduction to British and American CultureAmericalAmerica for Amerigo Vespucci, the lands of the Western Hemis

3、phereNorth America, Central (or Middle) America, and South America. The world map published in 1507 by Martin Waldseemller is the first known cartographic use of the name. In English, America and American are frequently used to refer only to the United States. Introduction to British and American Cu

4、ltureQuestions:l1. Who are the Native Americans?l2. When and where was the first English Settlement established?lP18 Introduction to British and American CultureIndianslNative Americans came into the Western Hemisphere from Asia via the Bering Strait or along the N Pacific coast in a series of migra

5、tions. From Alaska they spread east and south. Native Americans have in common (though with considerable variation)Mongoloid 蒙古人features. They came to Americas more than 25,000 years Introduction to British and American CultureIndian Introduction to British and American CultureIndian Introduction to

6、 British and American CultureIndianlHow did they live?(18)lThey lived in tribes. They adapted themselves to their enfironment - those living in the cold north became skilled hunters and fishermen while those in the hotter south grew corn and made houses from sun-dried bricks. l與狼共舞與狼共舞_Dances.with.W

7、olves.CD1.rmvb 93:00 Introduction to British and American CultureThe Discovery of America Introduction to British and American CultureColumbus Introduction to British and American CultureColumbus (comments)lColumbus was not the first European mariner to sail to the New Worldthe Vikings, but his voya

8、ges mark the beginning of continuous European efforts to explore and colonize the Americas. Traditional historians viewed his voyages as opening the New World to Western civilization and Christianity. European colonization and represent the beginning of the destruction of Native American peoples and

9、 culture. One point of agreement among all interpretations is that his voyages were one of the turning points in history. Introduction to British and American CultureColumbuslColumbus, Christopher 14511506.Italian explorer in the service of Spain who determined that the earth was round and attempted

10、 to reach Asia by sailing west from Europe, thereby reaching America (1492). He made three subsequent voyages to the Caribbean in his quest for a sea route to China. Columbus failed to reach India but landed at one of the Carribbean islands instead. he mistook these islands for part of India and cal

11、led the local people Indians. l Introduction to British and American CultureAmerigo VespuccilHe was not the discoverer of the new continents, but it was he who first confirmed the fact that a new continent rather than Asia had been discovered. In 1507 the New World was named after him. Introduction

12、to British and American CultureThe first permanent English American colonylThe first permanent English American colony :Jamestown in April 1607.lp 20 Introduction to British and American CultureMayflower Introduction to British and American CultureMayflowerlThe ship that carried the Pilgrims to Amer

13、ica. It made a permanent landing near Plymouth Rock in 1620。 Introduction to British and American CultureQuestionslWhy did Europeans sail out ?(P20)l What is the significance of Mayflower in American history?(P20)lWhat is the origin of The Thanksgiving Day? Introduction to British and American Cultu

14、reMigrants &ColonistslWhy Europeans leave the Old World to settle in America?1.To seek freedom of religion (ease religious disputes, escape religious persecution)2.To live a better life (establish new estates, find jobs, have farmland) Introduction to British and American CulturePuritants 清教徒清教徒

15、lA group of radical English Protestants that arose in the late sixteenth century and became a major force in England during the seventeenth century. Puritans wanted to “purify” the Church of England by eliminating traces of its origins in the Roman Catholic Church. In addition, they urged a strict m

16、oral code and placed a high value on hard work. Many Puritans, persecuted in their homeland, came to America in the 1620s and 1630s, settling colonies that eventually became Massachusetts. lThe puritan through lifes sweet garden goes to pluck the thorn and cast away the rose. - Kenneth Hare Introduc

17、tion to British and American CulturePilgrimslA group of English Puritans, persecuted in their own country, who emigrated to America. The first group arrived on the Mayflower in 1620. They landed at Plymouth Rock, in what is now Massachusetts, and established the Plymouth Colony, with the Mayflower C

18、ompact as their constitution. William Bradford and Miles Standish were noted leaders of the colony. Introduction to British and American CultureMayflower Introduction to British and American CultureNew EnglandlNew England was the name given by Captain John Smith in 1614 to the coastline of America n

19、orth of the Hudson river. Two years later he published a Description of New England, claiming at least 25 fine harbors. The Mayflower settlers landed at Plymouth in 1620 and the name New England was applied to the colony (later absorbed by Massachusetts), New Haven (later part of Connecticut), Massa

20、chusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Maine. The New England colonies, with their strong puritan tradition, ultimately became the core of American resistance in the War of Independence. Introduction to British and American CultureThirteen Colonies Introduction to British and Americ

21、an CultureFounding of theThirteen Colonieslthe Thirteen Colonies, a term used for the colonies of British North America that joined together in the American Revolution against the mother country, adopted the Declaration of Independence in 1776, and became the United States. They were New Hampshire,

22、Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. They are also called the Thirteen Original States. Introduction to British and American CultureThe Birth of the United States of America2:30 Introd

23、uction to British and American CultureSome TermslThe Stamp Act: 印花稅印花稅 Tax stamps must be used to be attached to all legal documents.lQuartering Act: 駐軍法案駐軍法案lThe Tea Act茶葉法案茶葉法案 Introduction to British and American CultureBoston Tea Party Introduction to British and American CultureBoston Tea Party

24、lOn Dec. 16, 1773, American patriots dressed as Indians threw 342 chests of tea from three British ships into Boston Harbor. The action was taken to prevent the payment of a British-imposed tax on tea and to protest the British monopoly of the colonial tea trade authorized by the Tea Act. In respons

25、e to this, Parliament passed the punitive Intolerable Acts, which further united the colonies in their opposition to the British. Introduction to British and American CultureThe War of Independence 1:15lWhat led to the War of Independence?l1.the policy of British government was to increase control o

26、f the colonies, to collect more taxes from theml2.finance a large army stationed in the colonies.l3.New taxes (the Stamp Act) would make trading difficult, civil liberties were crushedl“No taxation without representation” Introduction to British and American CultureThe First Continental Congress 28l

27、In Sept. 1774, representatives from 12 colonies without Georgia, held joint meeting in Philadelphia to decide on united action against the British. This was the First Continental Congress. At the meeting the majority of representatives still thought they could settle their quarrels with the British

28、by peaceful means. they agreed among themselves to refuse to buy English goods, hoping in this way to force the English government to give in to their demands. They also agreed to raise volunteer army to protect the colonies if Britain used force to break the boycott.愛國(guó)者愛國(guó)者_(dá)The.Patriot_2000_BDRip.rm

29、vb 11 13 Introduction to British and American CultureThe first shot of the American War of Independence lIn Lexington on the evening of April 18, 1775. Introduction to British and American CultureThe Second Continental CongresslIn May, 1775, the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia with r

30、epresentatives from all 13 colonies. It created Continental Army & Navy with George Washington as commander-in-chief. Printed paper money. Opened diplomatic contacts with foreign powers. It drew up the Declaration of Independence in 1776, and drafted the Articles of Confederation in 1777. The Se

31、cond continental Congress served as the American government throughout War of American Independence, representing the country for years before calling the Constitutional Convention in 1787. Introduction to British and American CultureThe Declaration of IndependencelThe Declaration of Independence is

32、 the document in which the Thirteen Colonies in North America declared themselves independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain and explained their justifications for doing so. It was ratified by the Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. This anniversary is celebrated as Independence Day in the

33、 United States. Introduction to British and American CultureDrafter of the Declaration of IndependencelThomas Jefferson of Virginia Introduction to British and American CultureThe Declaration of Independence 1:23 Introduction to British and American CultureThe Declaration of Independence Introduction to British and American CultureTreaty of Parisl1781,the real e