(五和六)增補與充分表達

1、增補與充分表達AmplificationSome examples:跑得了和尚，跑不了廟。去了也是白去的。生產(chǎn)多了，價格就穩(wěn)定，甚至下降一點。想吃什么，只管告訴我。The monks may run away, but never can their temple.Even if you go there, things wont be any better.When production grows, the prices will be stable, or may even drop a little.Whatever you like to eat, just tell me. Fou

2、r kinds of adding:概念性語義性增補發(fā)展才是硬道理鄧小平Economic growth is most important.結(jié)構(gòu)性增補我隨時可在家里接待客人了。Im now ready to meet my guests at my home.概括性增補要提倡顧全大局We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration.邏輯性增補他不來，我不走。If he does not come, Ill not go.Translate the following sentences:

3、5鼓勵自學成才。6人和動物不同。7飲水不忘挖井人。8誰都知道朝鮮戰(zhàn)場是艱苦些。9天已相當晚了，我們決定在那座廟里過夜。Encourage people to become educated by teaching themselves.Human beings are different from the other animals.When we drink water from the well, we should not forget those who dug it.Every one knows that life on the Korean battlefield was rat

4、her hard.As it was getting quite dark, we decided to stop at the temple for the night. 10一個籬笆三個樁，一個好漢三個幫。11忠言逆耳利于行。12公園里有專門的英語角，老老少少會定期聚在一起操練。13代表們的水平保證了代表大會的開好。14漢字在歷史上有過不可磨滅的功績。15學語言的學生應當了解該語言國的國情。A fence needs the support of three stakes, an able fellow needs the help of three other people.Honest

5、 advice, though unpleasant to the ear, induces good conduct.In public parks there are special corners where English learners, old and young, gather at regular time to practice their spoken English.Their political consciousness will guarantee the success of the congress.The system of Chinese characte

6、rs has played an invaluable role in our history.A language student should have a good understanding of the country where the language is spoken. l所以我們研究漢學，起碼有三方面的意義：第一，有助于我們理解中國文化的世界歷史意義；第二，了解世界各國的“中國觀”，即對中國及中國文化的看法；第三，開闊我們研究中國文化的視野，引進一些新的思想和方法論。 Therefore, it is significant for us to study Sinology

7、 at least in three aspects: first, it helps us to understand the significance of Chinese culture in the world history; second, we can know China outlooks all over the world, that is, how other countries look at China and Chinese culture; third, we can widen our study of Chinese culture and introduce

8、 some new ideas and approaches.重復信息的處理重復信息的處理Omission, Substitution and Repetition一句內(nèi)重復出現(xiàn)的詞句一句內(nèi)重復出現(xiàn)的詞句我們要培養(yǎng)分析問題，解決問題的能力。中央要發(fā)展工業(yè)，地方也要發(fā)展工業(yè)。懲前毖后愿意也罷，不愿意也罷生也好，死也好We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems.The central authorities want to develop industry, and so do the local authorities.

9、to learn from past mistakes to avoid future onesWilling or unwilling,1.Live or die,二一些范疇詞，如二一些范疇詞，如“任務，工作，狀態(tài)，事業(yè)，問任務，工作，狀態(tài)，事業(yè)，問題題”等等解放戰(zhàn)爭時期這個國家的經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)在還處在落后狀態(tài)。我國社會主義工業(yè)化建設和它的成就中國現(xiàn)時的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展狀況他要講經(jīng)濟問題，國際形勢問題。中小型地方工業(yè)1. during the War of Liberation2. The economy of this country is still backward.3. Chinas soci

10、alist industrialization and its achievements4. the present development of Chinas agriculture5. He is going to speak on the economy and the international situation.6. medium and small local industries三意義重復的詞句三意義重復的詞句艱苦奮斗的精神要貫徹始終。雙方一致同意簽訂長期貿(mào)易協(xié)定。世界各國我們已經(jīng)從其他國家有計劃有選擇地進口了一些成套設備。1. We must adhere/stick to

11、the principle of plain living and hard struggle.2. Both sides agreed to the signing of a long-term trade agreement.3. countries throughout the world4. We have imported in a planned and selective way some complete plants.我們應充分發(fā)揮我國資源的潛力。我們大家都渴望這個時代的到來。長江，黃河，黑龍江，珠江等四大河流他們暴露了自己做賊心虛。5. We should bring in

12、to full play Chinas resources.6. All of us yearn for that era.7. the four large rivers-the Changjiang, the Huanghe, the Heilongjiang and the Zhujiang8. They have revealed their own guilty conscience.四照顧譯語的習慣四照顧譯語的習慣各國事務應由各國人民來管。中國的瓷器是最好的瓷器。學習外語的人，一開始就要有聽的訓練，聽的訓練幫助他辨別外語的聲音。1.The affairs of each count

13、ry should be managed by its own people.2. The best porcelain is that from China.3. The learner of a foreign language should begin his study by ear-training, which will enable him to recognize the sounds of the foreign language.五修辭的需要五修辭的需要1又團結(jié)，又斗爭，以斗爭之手段，達團結(jié)之目的。2中國有句古話說：“黎明即起，灑掃庭除?！绷貜妥鳛橐环N特殊的修辭方法六重復

14、作為一種特殊的修辭方法血債要用血來還。事實就是事實。V. 1.unity, struggle, unity through struggle2. There is an old saying in China, “Rise at dawn and sweep the courtyard.”VI. 1.Blood must atone for blood.2. Fact is fact.生命的三分之一生命的三分之一 一個人的生命究竟有多大意義，這有什么標準可以衡量嗎？提出一個絕對的標準當然困難，但是，大體上看一個人對待生命的態(tài)度是否嚴肅認真，看他對待勞動，工作等等的態(tài)度如何，也就不難對這個人的存

15、在意義做出適當?shù)墓烙嬃恕?古來一切有成就的人，都很嚴肅地對待自己的生命，當他活著一天，總要盡量多勞動，多工作，多學習，不肯虛度年華，不讓時間白白地浪費掉。我國歷代的勞動人民以及大政治家，大思想家等等都莫不如此。One-Third of Our Lifetime (by Deng Tuo) What is the significance of life? Is there any gauge to measure it? Its rather difficult, of course, to advance an absolute standard. However, the signific

16、ance of ones existence can, more or less, be evaluated by looking at ones attitude toward life and work. Since ancient times all people of accomplishment have been very serious about their lives. While alive (even with only one day to live), they tried to work and learn as much as possible, never le

17、tting a single day pass by without any gain. This has been true of working people as well as the great statesmen and great thinkers. 班固寫的漢書食貨志上有下面的記載：“冬，民既入；婦人同巷，相從夜績，女工一月得四十五日?！?這幾句讀起來很奇怪，怎么一月能有四十五天呢？再看原文底下顏師古做了注解，他說：“一月之中，又得夜半為十五日，共四十五日?！?這就很清楚了。原來我國的古人不但比西方各國的人更早地懂得科學地，合理地計算勞動日，而且我們的古人老早就知道對于日班和夜

18、班的計算方法。一個月本來只有三十天，古人把每人夜晚的時間算作半日，就多了十五天，從這個意義上來說，夜晚的時間實際上不就等于生命的三分之一嗎？ 注釋：“婦人同巷，相從夜績”，這里的巷是指居住的宅子，績是動詞，意為紡麻線。In the chapter, “Foods and Goods”, of the Chronicles of the Han Dynasty, the great historian Ban Gu says: “In winter people stay indoors. Women get together to spin hemp threads at night. They managed to work forty-five days a month.”It sounds strange. Why are there forty-five days in a month? Let us look at the fo