國際經(jīng)貿(mào)英語實務 第08章

1、v8.1 Background Informationv1. PackingvFirst of all, the buyer is under certain conditions entitled to reject the goods if they are not packed in accordance with his instructions or with the provisions agreed upon. Secondly, packing should be designed to suit shipping requirements. Thirdly, packing

2、should conform with the regulations in the country of destination. vPacking can be divided into transport packing (usually known as outer packing) and sales packing (usually known as inner packing). Transport packing must be strong enough to protect the packed goods against such hazards as pilferage

3、, rough handling, corrosion and crushing, etc. And it must also be as light and compact as possible to keep freight costs low. Sales packing is done mainly to push sales. It is now universally recognized as a decisive aid in selling household consumer goods.vStill, there is another category of packi

4、ng, called “neutral packing”. Neutral packing is frequently used in international trade to promote export sales. Neutral packing carries no labels at all either on the outer packing or inner packing that indicate country of origin, the manufacturer or the name of the commodity itself. As a matter of

5、 fact, even trade mark or brand is not to be found. However, there is another form of neutral packing by which the exporter may use a specified brand or trade mark as required by the importer for the goods exported. The whole idea of neutral packing is that this form of packing makes it possible for

6、 exporters to get around high customs duties or unreasonable import quota of the importing countries.vRequirements for inner packing are increasingly high, with beautiful color, creative design and convenient handling as its chief concern. The design and the color should suit the customers tastes. N

7、ice packing helps find a market.v2. ShipmentvIn international trade, it is generally accepted that the contract is broken if the consignor (or exporter) does not dispatch the goods in accordance with the time and mode of delivery as agreed upon between the consignee (or the importer) and the consign

8、or (or the exporter). Therefore, in negotiating the clause dealing with the transportation of goods in a sales contract, the elements of time, types of shipping service, freight, etc. should be under careful consideration.v8.2 Situational Conversation vSection 1: On Way of PackingvB=Brown; Z=ZhangvB

9、: Mr. Zhang, the negotiation is going on well. We have already agreed on prices, quantity, the terms of payment and the date of delivery. What shall we talk about this time?vZ: The next problem Id like to bring up for discussion is the way of packing.vB: Well, lets change to another topic packing. P

10、acking is a part of products. Its very important. Id like to hear what you say concerning the matter of packing.vZ: I think that different articles require different packing. As for textiles, we usually use corrugated cardboard boxes.vB: You are probably right. But if these goods are to be transship

11、ped on the way, dont you think the goods might be spoiled by dampness or rain? We hope that you can make improvement on your packing.vZ: Oh, dont worry about it. Every box is lined with the waterproof material. This is the protective outer packing.vSection 2: Persuading Sb. to Accept a Packing vB: B

12、ut will cardboard boxes be strong enough for the long-distance ocean transportation?vZ: Of course, they will. I would think corrugated cardboard boxes good enough for such lightweight articles as textiles. The boxes are comparatively light, and therefore easy to handle. Theyll not be stowed away wit

13、h the heavy cargo. Besides, in order to make them strong enough to stand rough handling, well reinforce the boxes with metal straps, and place the metal angles at each corner.vB: Well, Mr. Zhang, Id rather play safe. The cardboard boxes are easier to be cut open, and there is the risk of pilferage t

14、o be taken into account.vZ: On the other hand, tampering with the cardboard boxes can be easier detected. That would prevent people from trying their hands on such packing. Whats more, our cardboard boxes are made of special materials, light, but strong.vB: But still Im afraid that in case of damage

15、 or pilferage, the insurance company might refuse to grant the indemnification on the grounds of improper packing.vZ: You neednt worry about it. The cardboard boxes are strong enough for sea voyage and extensively used for packing such articles in international trade. The insurance companies have no

16、 occasion to refuse to grant the indemnification on such grounds.vB: Well, Mr. Zhang, if you could guarantee that, wed be quite willing to accept cardboard boxes.vZ: Oh, Mr. Brown, dont you think youd better take this up with your insurance company? The most we can do is to assure you that the packi

17、ng will be seaworthy, but we cannot commit ourselves to anything beyond that.vB: Id like to know how you will pack the shipment of the silk blouses?vZ: We usually use polythene wrappers as inner packing and cardboard boxes as outer packing. That is, we pack each piece of silk blouse in a polythene w

18、rapper, and ten dozen to a cardboard box.vB: Mmm.it sounds perfect and simple. But I still have some questions to ask.vZ: Really. Go ahead.vB: You may know that in our market there are lots of garments from other countries. So your products should be competitive not just in price and quality, but in

19、 packing as well. You are certainly aware that a packing that catches eye will help us push sales. Therefore, the packing should be striking to the eye and attractive in appearance. The design of your packing should be of your own style.vZ: You can rest assured that our design and color of the packi

20、ng would suit American taste, and that our packing will be on a par with that of other competitors if not better. Im sure that you will be satisfied with our tasteful polythene wrapper of silk blouses. Each blouse is packed in a wrapper, ready for window display.vB: As for the outer packing is conce

21、rned, could you use wooden boxes instead?vZ: We could use wooden cases for outer packing if you insist. But this kind of packing costs more. We have used the corrugated cardboard boxes as the outer packing of lightweight articles for many years, and up to now weve found no trouble with them.vB: If s

22、o, well accept such packing.vSection 3: Hoping to Allow Partial ShipmentvZ: Now that we have reached an agreement on the packing, we can come to the next problem shipment. Whats your opinion, Mr. Brown?vB: Thats good.Would you tell me when and how you ship the goods?vZ: We usually ship the goods by

23、regular liners.vB: For this lot, could you consider prompt shipment? It is badly needed by our users.vZ: No, Im afraid its difficult for us to do so because we cannot get all the goods from our manufacturers soon.vB: When is the exactly deadline of the loading period?vZ: In order to make it easier f

24、or us to get the goods ready for shipment, we hope that partial shipment will be allowed.vB: The goods we have ordered are seasonal goods, so it will be better to ship them all at one time.vZ: Sorry, we cannot ship them all at one time because it so happens that there is no direct steamer from here

25、to your port in these two months. I was informed by our shipping department yesterday that liner space for America up to the end of next month has been fully booked up. Im afraid we can do very little about it.vB: It is said that tramps are still available.vZ: Yes, but tramps are scarce. Im not sure

26、 whether there would be enough tonnage to take a full cargo, even if a tramp could be obtained.vSection 4: Asking for TransshipmentvB: Is there any chance of transshipment to be allowed?vZ: But transshipment adds to the expenses, risks of damage and sometimes may delay arrival because there is also

27、a shortage of transshipment space for America. Anyhow well try.vB: We prefer direct shipment, but if you cannot get hold of a direct vessel, we have no choice but to make the goods transshipped.vZ: Yes, we fully understand this, and well find out the situation about the connection steamer right away

28、.vB: As far as I know, Seoul Shipping Agent Ltd. has a liner sailing from Seoul for America around the middle of June. If you could manage to catch that vessel, everything would be all right.vZ: Its very difficult for us to accept a designated on-carrier. There are so many factors that might make th

29、e goods miss the intended sailing. Besides, are you sure the vessel will call at San Francisco? And is it already carrying a full load?vB: I think if we start immediately, there is still hope. And if worst comes to worst, please ship the goods to Los Angeles. How about Los Angeles as an optional por

30、t of destination?vZ: Good. Then, what would you say if we put it like this: “The first partial goods will be shipped on the first available steamer in the middle of June. Transshipment may be allowed at Seoul. Port of destination is San Francisco or Los Angeles.”vB: Mr. Zhang, would you please find

31、some way to get around your manufacturers for a special effort and deliver the goods all at one time?vZ: Im afraid not. Things are like this: Yesterday afternoon I went to the factories to check up on their production schedule against our orders. I have found that our manufacturers are working in th

32、ree shifts to step up their production. They are really doing their utmost to fill the orders placed.vB: I see, Mr. Zhang. This is the best they can do at present. Thank for their sincere and friendly cooperation.vSection 5: Talking About Containers ServicevA: I know you are operating a container se

33、rvice on the Shanghai-Europe and Shanghai-America sea routes.vB: Yes, we are using more and more containerized vessels for cargoes destined for that area.vA: What sizes are your containers of?vB: The shipping containers are of two sizes, namely 10 ft. and 20 ft. respectively.vA: Are your containers

34、temperature-controlled?vB: Yes. They are also water-tight and air-tight to protect goods from being damaged by heat, water or dampness. They can be opened at both ends, thus making it possible to load and unload at the same time.vA: Containers certainly have got a lot of advantages. The loading and

35、unloading process can be greatly speeded up.v8.3 Email Communication vLetter 1: Shipping InstructionsvDear Sirs,vWe have the pleasure of informing you that the confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit No. 5624, has been opened this morning with the Bank of China for 1,000 metric tons of tin foil shee

36、ts under Contract No. 7904. The space has been booked on S. S. Jin San Jiao which due to sail from your port to Guangzhou at the end of next month. Please rush the preparation of the goods and try your best to ship them by that steamer without delay.vShould this trial order prove satisfactory to our

37、 customers, we can assure you that repeat orders in big quantities will be replaced.vThank you for your close operation in advance. In the meantime we await your shipping advice by cable.Yours faithfullyvLetter 2: Urging Earlier ShipmentvDear Sirs,vReferring to our Order No. 2027 for 15,000 doz. Gen

38、ts shirts, we hereby write to inform you as follows:vAccording to the contract stipulations, the aforesaid goods should be shipped in three equal lots in April, June and August, but up to the present moment even the first lot has not been shipped.vPlease look up the matter and telex us immediately o

39、f the earliest possible date of shipment, otherwise our clients will feel dissatisfied with your delay and will have to cancel the order by covering their requirements elsewhere.Yours faithfullyvLetter 3: Proposing Partial ShipmentvDear Sir,vWe are in receipt of your letter of August 24 requesting u

40、s to ship all the 10,000 metric tons of white crystal sugar in October. Unfortunately, we are unable to comply with your wishes.vIt was expressly stated in our offer that shipment would be effected in November. If you desire early delivery, we can only make a partial shipment of 5,000 metric tons in

41、 October and the remaining 5,000 in November. We hope this arrangement will be agreeable to you.vShould this be so, please amend the covering credit to allow partial shipment and telex us your confirmation.vYour agreement to our request will be highly appreciated.Faithfully yoursvLetter 4: Shipping

42、AdvicevDear Sir,vWe are glad to inform you that glass jars you ordered in August have been shipped by S. S. Verlaine due to leave Fang Cheng on Oct. 10.vWe have made a special effort to complete your order in time and trust the fine quality of our goods will give you full satisfaction.vEnclosed plea

43、se find one set of duplicate shipping documents covering this lot, the originals of which are being sent you through our Bankers.vTrusting to be favored with your repeat orders and assuring you of our best services at all times.Sincerely yoursvLetter 5: Urging Shipping AdvicevDear Sir,vThe goods we

44、ordered were urgently required to meet an immediate requirement and we requested you to forward them by the first available cargo airline at once.vHowever we have not yet received any shipping advice from you. As stipulated in the contract, you should inform us by cable, 12 days before the date of l

45、oading of the name of ship, expected lay days, loading capacity and the shipping agents.vPlease let us know by telex when you can ship our order. Otherwise, we must ask you to accept cancellation of our order.Faithfully yoursvLetter 6: Apology for Delay in ShipmentvDear Sir,vWe regret very much your

46、 complaint of March 30 that we have not yet been able to execute your order.vWe have made every possible effort to speed up the delivery, but the work at the plant was suspended for several weeks during the employees strike. Therefore, we would ask you to understand that the delay was in no way caus

47、ed by any negligence on our part.vWe feel sorry for this unfortunate delay and are doing our utmost to deliver the goods within three weeks.Sincerely yoursv8.4 Practical Skills vSkill 1: Explanatory Notes on Technical Terms v1. Concerning the Matter of Shipment vAfter the signing of the contract, th

48、e date of shipment should not be too early or too late. Usually there are three types of the period of shipment:v(1) the shipment with a fixed date, e. g. before the end of June, on June 25;v(2) the shipment with a date in the near future, e.g. immediate shipment, prompt shipment;v(3) the shipment w

49、ith an indefinite date, e.g. shipment within 30 days after the date of receipt of the letter of credit, shipment subject to shipping space available, shipment by first opportunity.vThe basic marine transport modes are as follows:v(1) conference line vesselsships operated by a line that is a member o

50、f a shipping conference;v(2) non-conference line vesselsships operated by shipping companies that do not belong to conferences but provide scheduled services;v(3) tramp shipsships not following regular routes but trading in all parts of the world in search of cargo, primarily bulk shipments; v(4) ch

51、arter shipsships hired to transport products for a particular purpose or time.vExport transportation involves a lot of complicated procedures. Before the goods are to be dispatched, the following must be duly seen to:v(1) Send the shipping instructions by the buyer; v(2) Select a shipping line and a

52、 particular vessel;v(3) Book shipping space or chartering and sign the contract of carriage;v(4) Register the cargo on shipping note and send the shipping note to a shipping company;v(5) Register details on customs, entry forms and send them to Customs;v(6) Arrange adequate packing, including shippi

53、ng marks;v(7) Receive the bill of lading from the shipping company;v(8) Arrange shipment;v(9) Send the shipping documents and Shipping Advice.v2. Concerning the Matter of Packing vouter packing transport packing inner packing vsales packing neutral packing waterproof packing vdampproof packing shock

54、proof packing seaworthy packingvtropical packing customary packing cardboard packing vplastic packing paper packing corrugated cardboard boxesvSkill 2: Useful Expressions v(1) Generally speaking, shipment can be effected within 30 days after receipt of your L/C, but a specific time is to be fixed up

55、 on receipt of your official order. v(2) We can arrange the shipping documents at about a week after receiving Mates Receipt. v(3) We shall be very much obliged if you will effect shipment as soon as possible, thus enabling them to catch the brisk demand at the start of the season. v(4) As our end u

56、sers are in urgent need of the contracted machines, you are kindly requested to ensure shipment at an early date. v(5) The goods we ordered are seasonal goods, so it will be better to ship them all at one time. v(6) Owing to heavy commitments, we cannot advance shipment of your order. v(7) We will a

57、rrange to make shipment and please let us have your shipping instructions immediately. v(8) Please let us know promptly the shipping marks put on your cargoes. v(9) In order to book shipping space, we have to take a Shipping Order from the shipping company. v(10) As we have little time left, please

58、let us have your mode of shipment. v(11) We shipped your goods on October 18. v(12) We will be able to deliver your order per S/S Pacific sailing from Guangzhou on May 25.v(13) As stipulated in the contract, we have airmailed to you a set of duplicate shipping documents upon the completion of shipme

59、nt. v(14) We cannot make that kind of delivery. Its company policy. v(15) When is the deadline of the loading period for our consignment? v一、背景知識一、背景知識v1. 包裝包裝v首先，根據(jù)有關條款買方有權拒收未按其要求或雙方達成的協(xié)議進行包裝的貨物。其次包裝應合乎裝運要求。最后，包裝應遵守目的國的有關規(guī)定。v包裝可分為運輸包裝(通常稱為外包裝)與銷售包裝(通常稱為內(nèi)包裝)。運輸包裝應足夠堅固，以確保貨物不易失竊，能應付野蠻裝卸，防止腐蝕，防止擠壓，等等。

60、同時也必須盡可能輕便以降低費用。銷售包裝主要是為了促銷，現(xiàn)在普遍認為有特色的包裝是促進家用商品銷售的有力手段。 v另外，還有一種包裝，稱為“中性包裝”。中性包裝常見于國際貿(mào)易，其目的是促進出口銷售。中性包裝無論外包裝還是內(nèi)包裝上都沒有表示生產(chǎn)國、廠商或商品名稱之類的任何標志。事實上，連注冊商標都沒有。不過，有這樣一種中性包裝：出口商根據(jù)進口商授意使用一種特別的商標。中性包裝實質(zhì)是使出口商能逃避高關稅或進口國的不合理進口配額。v2. 裝運裝運v在國際貿(mào)易中，如果發(fā)貨方(或出口商)未能按與收貨方(或進口商)商定的條款中所規(guī)定的日期及裝運方式來運送貨物，這樣的行為通常被認為是違背了合同。因此，在就銷