英美文學(xué)選讀 英國篇

1、Anthology of English and American Literatureo What is literature? Is it necessary or important in modern society?o 什么是文學(xué)？今天我們還需要文學(xué)嗎？主講內(nèi)容一、考試主要題型、特點和應(yīng)考策略；二、以講解關(guān)鍵詞的方法作全書梳理，包括各個時期重要的文學(xué)理念，核心觀點；三、結(jié)合真題對重點作家做總結(jié)和預(yù)測第一講一、考試題型分析1.選擇題（40/25）40，22（英國），18（美國），主要考查：基本知識點、理解（10）趨勢：選擇題難度上升，主觀題難度下降。2.閱讀（4×4)要求指出

2、：A）作者和作品出處（1分） B）作品中具體某個詞或詞組的確切意義（1分） C）表述該選段的思想內(nèi)容（2分）。 09年真題41. Wherefore feed and clothe and save From the cradle to the grave Those ungrateful drones who would Drain your sweat- nay, drink your blood? Questions:A. Identify the poet and the title of the poem from which the stanza is taken.B. What

3、figure of speech is used in Line 2?C. Whom does “drones” refer to?3.簡答（6×4)內(nèi)容的跨越比較大，既有閱讀理解部分的延伸，也有某一時期的文學(xué)思潮，還有對某一斷代史的簡論，答對率非常低。 4.討論（2×10)考查：文學(xué)流派與作家解析，作品主題、人物、情節(jié)、敘事方法等分析二、應(yīng)試技巧（主觀題）基本方法：核心觀點+實際問題答題時最好用A,B,C或123等符號將答案分割成幾點；英文的書寫與拼寫語法 做簡答題或論述題的答題要點 o A. 關(guān)于歷史時期的介紹 1> 時間+來源 (0.5分-1分) 2> 歷

4、史背景(不需要擴充) (1-2分) 3> 該時期中最重要的創(chuàng)作思想以及影響該時期的大背景(2-3分) 4> 代表作家以及代表作品簡介(1分) 5> 影響 (0.51分) o B. 論述題中人物性格分析的答題要點： 1> 利用題目發(fā)揮 (0.5-1分) 2> 該任務(wù)的代表時期，屬于哪個階層 (12分) 3> 作品中人物經(jīng)歷的有關(guān)情節(jié) (23分) 4> 該人物的直接性格分析 (12分) 5> 該人物的文學(xué)性格分析 (34分) 6> 作用影響語言風(fēng)格等 (0.51分) o C. 論述題中關(guān)于作家的分析 1> 利用題目發(fā)揮 (0.51分) 2

5、> 該作家所處的歷史背景 (12 分) 3> 該作家的語言風(fēng)格 (12分) 4> 該作家說寫的典型作品及創(chuàng)作主題 (23分) 5> 關(guān)于典型作品的有關(guān)情節(jié) (12分) 6> 影響 (0.51 分)英美文學(xué)選讀答題套語o Sb. launches possibly the sharpest and the fiercest attack upon the very foundations of the corrupt feudalism/capitalist world.o The penetrating hit at the very heart of capit

6、alism is driven home.o no other than=nothing more thano is discernible.o Lengthy accounts are given too Sb. perceptively states thato Sth. bears some resemblance witho draws influence fromo in essenceo prolifico play a pivotal role ino The significance of lies rather in the portrayal ofo It affords

7、the readers a whole gallery of vivid portraits of the people of all stratum.o gives an encyclopedic creation ofo shows a genuine sympathy foro every character ones creative finger touched came aliveo leaves unforgettable impressions on the readers mind.o The great humorists of the world are few in n

8、umber, and Mark Twain is of that choice company.o 評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：1）答出參考答案多數(shù)要點且某些要點有較好發(fā)揮，可給滿分；2)考生答非所問不給分；3）內(nèi)容和語言綜合考慮，語言表達不好的要適當(dāng)扣分，原則如下：a)語言通順，表達清楚，語法錯誤和拼寫錯誤很少，基本根據(jù)內(nèi)容評分；b)語言基本通順，有少數(shù)語法錯誤和拼寫錯誤，扣該題分值的20%；c)語言不通順，表達不連貫，有較多語法錯誤和拼寫錯誤，扣該題分值的40%；d)語言很不通順，無法表達連貫的意思，扣該題分值的60%。o ?？疾凰サ闹攸c： 文藝復(fù)興的文學(xué)特色及其核心作家；英國浪漫主義與美國浪漫主義；自然主

9、義；意象主義；現(xiàn)實主義；現(xiàn)代主義（英國）o 必考的作家： Shakespeare; Milton; Defoe; Fielding; Shelley; Austen; Dickens; Hardy; T.S.Eliot; Hawthorne; Whitman；Mark Twain; Dreiser; Pound; Hemingway; Faulknero 考過的是否會重考？1.任何考題都有可能在其他題型中重考；2. 選擇題有可能重考；3. 考過的問答題不會重考，但同一作家可重考；o 復(fù)習(xí)建議：把握英國重點部分，死記美國所有部分1）思考，理解；2) 比較記憶和聯(lián)想記憶； 關(guān)鍵詞 個章節(jié)時代介紹；

10、 重要引語；作家作品名稱的拼寫； 參考資料：原教材輔導(dǎo)書，近5年真題最新考綱要求 調(diào)整后的英美文學(xué)選讀自學(xué)考試大綱將于2009年4月考試試行。 o 一、關(guān)于考核知識點的調(diào)整考核知識點中的各章概述內(nèi)容仍為考核內(nèi)容；對知識點中的作家只保留對如下主要作家的考核。o 二、 關(guān)于考核要求的調(diào)整考核要求中每章概述內(nèi)容不作調(diào)整；“該時期的重要作家”只包含對考核知識點中保留的重要作家的相關(guān)內(nèi)容的考核。 5分鐘巧記所有作家 英國 小沙彌在看非州的Swift吹笛子, 布來克/澳雪(在旁邊)華華叫, (吵得)狄更斯和哈代不得安寧, (氣得)蕭伯納踢死(T.S)了勞倫斯 美國 揮霍的梅姑娘.(看見)James騎馬D答

11、D答響, (后面跟著) 肥仔老羅和發(fā)福的海明威 大綱調(diào)整后的特點二、大綱調(diào)整后的特點 （一）新大綱更加突出了英美各個文學(xué)時期的時代特點。如：文藝復(fù)興時期的戲劇和詩史，浪漫主義時期的詩歌等。從這個意義上講，命題的重點突出了。（二）新大綱中考核的作家，都是每一個文學(xué)時期文學(xué)潮流的最具代表性的作家，都是對該時期文學(xué)的發(fā)展起到?jīng)Q定作用的作家。從這個意義上講，命題的焦點集中了。（三）新大綱中所保留的作家的作品大多是廣大考生耳熟能詳?shù)淖髌?，從這個意義上講，考試的難度降低了。三、大綱調(diào)整后的復(fù)習(xí)方法（一）概述： 考試大綱調(diào)整以后，可命題的作家的數(shù)量減少了，但命題的深度會增加；同時，由于作家數(shù)量的減少，這也意

12、味著在每一章的概述部分和作品選讀部分的命題點會增多。（二）每章概述部分的復(fù)習(xí)重點 在對這部分的復(fù)習(xí)中，重點關(guān)注每一個文學(xué)時期的界定以及其標(biāo)志性事件；另外每一個文學(xué)時期的時代特點和突出文學(xué)成就也是考查的重點，還有本時期同時存在的文學(xué)流派的特點也是重點內(nèi)容。 （三）每章重點作家的復(fù)習(xí)重點 作家的文學(xué)史上的地位和貢獻；作家的代表作以及代表作的中心大意和所反映的社會現(xiàn)實；作家的寫作風(fēng)格和寫作特點也是命題的重點。 （四）每章作品選讀的復(fù)習(xí)重點 作品選讀前面的斜體字部分的簡介和概括；作品中的名句；作品選讀中的注釋部分，小說作品中的人物關(guān)系。第二講The Renaissance Period1)It mar

13、ks a transition from_ to the _world.2) It refers to the period between _ and _.3) a) revival or rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture; b)introduction of Humansim; c) new ideas pros and cons in the interest of the rising bourgeoisie; d) the development of early science; e) the religious Refo

14、rmation or religious struggle in the folk life; f）the shaping of nationalism.o Humanism a)Emphasis of man and individual, man is the measure of all things;b)Humanists try to exalt human nature and regard human beings as glorious creatures capable of Individual development toward perfection with life

15、 to question, explore and enjoy;c) Emphasis of human values, dignity, ambitions and the present life rather than the afterlife.The Achievement of the Elizabethan Drama1)It is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. It is not until the Elizabethan age, under the influence of the Renaissance,

16、that drama was developed into a mature art form. And great dramatists like_, _, _ appeared on the stage;2)By imitating the romances, embracing the mysteries of German legend, and combing the poetic fancy with the facts of daily life, they made a vivid depiction of the sharp conflicts between feudali

17、sm and the rising bourgeoisie;3)The drama, with _ as the master, stands out as a monument of the Renaissance, which is unrivaled for pure creative power by any other product of that epoch.o Representatives:Chaucer:_Spenser: _Marlowe：_Shakespeare:_Bacon:_John Donne:_John Milton:_The Neoclassical Peri

18、odo Starts from _ to _.o The 18th century England is also known as the age of _ or the age of _.o How to define 1The Enlightenment Movement 2. Neoclassicism 3. the Realistic Novel What is the literary characteristics of Neoclassicism?Neoclassicism1) A revival of interest in the old classical works.

19、All forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek & Roman writers & those of the contemporary French ones. The artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion & accuracy, & that literature should be judged in terms of its service to

20、humanity. Seek proportion, unity, harmony & grace in literary expressions, in an effort to delight, instruct & correct human beings, primarily as social animals. Thus, a polite, urbane, witty, & intellectual art developed. The Enlightenment Movement 1)The 18th-century England is known as

21、 the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason. 2) A progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France & swept through the whole Western Europe at the time.3) The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th & 16th centuries.4) To enlighten the whole world with the li

22、ght of modem philosophical & artistic ideas. 5) celebrating reason or rationality, equality & science. 6) Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like John Dryden, Alexander pope & so on. the Realistic Novel A newly rising literary form contrary to the tra

23、ditional romance of aristocrats, Gives a realistic presentation of life of the common English people. Is a natural product of the Industrial Revolution Among the pioneers were Daniel Defoe ,Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding, Laurence Sterne, Tobias Creorge Smollott, & Oliver Goldsmith. What is t

24、he literary characteristics of Neoclassicism?1)All forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek & Roman writers and those of the contemporary French ones.2) Neoclassicists had some fixed laws &rules for almost every genre of literature, prose should b

25、e precise, direct, smooth & flexible. Poetry should be lyrical, epical, didactic, satiric or dramatic, & each class should be guided by its own principles. 3) Drama should be written in the Heroic Couplets (iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines); the three unities of time, space & action

26、 should be strictly observed; regularity in construction should be adhered to & type characters rather than individuals should be represented. o Representatives:John Bunyan:_Pope:_Defoe:_Swift:_Fielding:_Johnson:_Sheridan: _Gray:_The Romantic Period1. English Romanticism is generally said to hav

27、e begun in _ with the publication of of _ and to have ended in _.2. Cultural background： The ideas of Rousseau;B. The literary sources: The Romantic Movement expressed a more or less negative attitude toward the existing social and political conditions that came with industrialization and the growin

28、g importance of the bourgeoisie.C. The literary views:o (1) a rebellion against neo-classicism o (2) express on imagination o (3) priorities been given to passion, emotion and feeling o (4) being close to nature for its purity while the society is corrupting o (5) tremendous interest in something re

29、mote in term of space and time o (6) supremacy of freedom 3. Literary forms:A. PoetryA). The Romantic period is an age of poetry. Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats are the major Romantic poets. They started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarde

30、d as the poetic revolution.o B). Theory of poetrya. They explored new theories and innovated new techniques in poetry writing. b. They saw poetry as a healing energy, the believed that poetry could purify both individual souls and the society. c. The natural world comes to the forefront of the poeti

31、c imagination. Nature is not only the major source of poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject matter.d. Romantics also tend to be nationalistic. B. Prose The Romantic period is also a great age of prose. Coleridge, Hazlitt, Lamb, and De Quincey were the leading figures.C. NovelA). Aus

32、ten is of the 18th-century in her moral outlook. Her view of life is a totally realistic one. The major theme of her novels is love and marriage.B). Walter Scott is the most popular novelist of his day. Waverley, Old Martality, The Heart of Midlothian, Rob Roy, and Ivanhoe are among the most popular

33、 ones of his novels. He is the first major historical novelist.C). Gothic novel:a. Nature:Gothic novel, a type of romantic fiction that predominated in the late eighteenth century, was one phase of the Romantic movement.b. Subject matters:Its principal elements are violence, horror, and the supernat

34、ural.c. Works:Works like The Mysteries of Udolpho by Ann Radcliffe and Frankenstein by Mary Shelley are typical Gothic romance.D. DramaShelleys Prometheus Unbound and The Cenci, Byrons Manfred and Coleridges Remorse are generally regarded as the best verse plays during this period.How is Romanticism

35、 different from Neoclassicism? o a. Neoclassicists upheld that artistic ideals should be order, logic , restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature, should be judged in terms of its service to humanity, and thus, literary expressions should be of proportion, unity, harmony and grace. o b. R

36、omanticism tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience, including art, and thus, literary work should be “spontaneous overflow of strong of feeling” the value of the work link lied in the accuracy of presenting those unique feelings and particular altitude. o c. In a word, Neoc

37、lassicism emphasized rationality and form but Romanticism attached great importance to the individuals mind ( emotion, imagination, temporary experience.)o Representatives:William Blake:_William Wordsworth:_Coleridge:_Byron:_Shelley:_Keats:_Austen: _The Victorian Period1. The Victorian Period roughl

38、y coincides with the reign of Queen Victorian from 1836 to 1901, the most glorious in the English history.2. Towards the mid-19th century, England had reached its highly point of development as a world power. 3. Darwins The origin of species and The Descent of Man shook theoretical basic of traditio

39、nal faith. 4. Famous novelists like Charles Dickens , William Makepeace Thackery, Charlotte Bronte , Emily Bronte, Mrs. Gaskell and Anthony Trollope. What are the characteristics of Victorian literature? As a product of its age, it naturally took on its quality of magnitude and diversity. It was man

40、y-sided and complex, and reflected romantically and realistically the great changes that were going on in peoples life and thought. Victorian literature has the high-spirted vitality, the down-to-earth earnestness , the good-natured humor and unbounded imagination are all unprecedented.What were the

41、 common things shared by the novelists of Victorian Period? Although writing from different points of view and with different techniques, the novelists of this age shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about the fate of the common people. They were angry with the inhuman socia

42、l institutiions, the decaying social morality. What were the literary characteristics of English critical realism? English critical realism of the 19th century, flourished in the forties and in the early fifties; The critical realists described with much vividness and artistic skill the chief trait

43、of the English society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint; The realists not only gave a satirical portrayal of the bourgeoisie and all the ruining classes, but also showed profound sympathy for the common people. Humor and satire abound in the English realistic novels o

44、f the 19th century. The critical realists did not, due to their world outlook, and could not find a way to eradicate social evils.o Representatives:Dickens:_The Bronte Sisters:_Tennyson:_Robert Browning:_George Eliot:_Thomas Hardy:_ The Modern Period The social, ideological background of the Modern

45、English Literature: The influences of the two World Wars on English literature; Ideologically, the rise of the irrational philosophy and new science greatly incited modern writers to make new explorations on human natures and human relationships. So, after the First World War, all kinds of literary

46、trends of modernism appeared. After the Second World War, a variety of modernism, or post-modernism, like existentialist literature, theater of the absurd, new novels and black humor, rose with the spur of the existentialist idea that "the world was absurd, and the human life was an agony."

47、; 2. What is Modernism?A) Modernism was a complex and diverse international movement in all creative arts, originating about the end of the 19th century;B) Modernism rose out of skepticism and disillusion of capitalism;C) Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as

48、 its theoretical base;D) Modernism is, in many aspects, a reaction against realism. What are the basic characteristics of Modernism in literature? Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base. One characteristic of English Modernism is "the

49、 dehumanization of art". The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted, alienated and ill relationships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself. The modernist writers concentrate more on the private than on the public, more on the subjective th

50、an on the objective. They are mainly concerned with the inner being of an individual. In their writings, the past, the present and the future are mingled together and exist at the same time in the consciousness of an individual. Why do we say Modernism is a reaction against Realism? Modernism is, in

51、 many aspects, a reaction against realism. It rejects rationalism, which is the theoretical base of realism. A) It excludes from its major concern the external, objective, material world, which is the only creative source of realism; B) By advocating a free experimentation on new forms and new techn

52、iques in literary creation, it casts away almost all the traditional elements in literature such as story, plot, character, chronological narration, etc., which are essential to realism. As a result, the works created by the modernist writers are often labeled as anti-novel, anti-poetry and anti-drama. How do you define Modern English Poetry? The 20th century has witnessed a great achievement in English poetry. A. In the e