最新初中英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)

1、grammarsentences句子成份句子成份 句子一般由兩個(gè)部分組成：句子一般由兩個(gè)部分組成：主語(yǔ)部分（主語(yǔ)部分（ subject group）謂語(yǔ)部分（謂語(yǔ)部分（ predicate group） 句子成份：句子成份：主主 謂謂 賓賓 表表補(bǔ)補(bǔ)定定 狀狀members of sentence: s - subjectp - predicative o - objectattri.-attributeadv.- adverb oc - object complement 主主賓賓表表補(bǔ)補(bǔ)定定狀狀1) 主語(yǔ)（主語(yǔ)（subject）i like football.the boy needs a

2、 pen. 句子的主體，全句述說(shuō)的對(duì)象。一般由句子的主體，全句述說(shuō)的對(duì)象。一般由 擔(dān)任擔(dān)任, ,常置于句首。常置于句首。2) 謂語(yǔ)（謂語(yǔ)（predicate）說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。由說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。由 擔(dān)任。常置于主語(yǔ)后。擔(dān)任。常置于主語(yǔ)后。 the train leaves at 6 oclock.i want a ticket.,動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 或從句或從句名詞名詞,主格代詞主格代詞動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞3) 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)（object）4) 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)（predicative）he won the game. on the desk表示表示vt.的動(dòng)作對(duì)象或的動(dòng)作對(duì)象或prep.所

3、聯(lián)系的對(duì)象。所聯(lián)系的對(duì)象。由由n.或相當(dāng)于或相當(dāng)于n.的詞擔(dān)任。置于的詞擔(dān)任。置于vt.或或prep.后。后。tome lost his life in the big fire.he is a student.用以表述主語(yǔ)的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。用以表述主語(yǔ)的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。由由n.n.或或adj.adj.擔(dān)任。置于系動(dòng)詞之后。擔(dān)任。置于系動(dòng)詞之后。除了除了be 系動(dòng)詞外，還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞外，還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞，1)表表感官的動(dòng)詞感官的動(dòng)詞:2) 表表轉(zhuǎn)變變化轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞:3)表表延續(xù)延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞feel, smell, taste, sound,

4、 look, appear, seem 等。等。become, get, grow, turn, go,等等remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等等。5) 賓補(bǔ)（賓補(bǔ)（objective complement） 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的情況補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的情況 。由由n. /adj. /n. /adj. /介賓介賓 / /分詞分詞 / /不定式等擔(dān)任。不定式等擔(dān)任。they made him king. i consider the book too expensive. 6) 定語(yǔ)（定語(yǔ)（attributive）對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限

5、定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，漢語(yǔ)中常用漢語(yǔ)中常用的的表示表示, ,通常位于被修飾的成分前。通常位于被修飾的成分前。the black bike is mine.( )說(shuō)明說(shuō)明1：當(dāng)定語(yǔ)修飾不定代詞如：當(dāng)定語(yǔ)修飾不定代詞如：nothing , anything , everything , something 等時(shí)，定語(yǔ)要放在其后作后置定語(yǔ)等時(shí)，定語(yǔ)要放在其后作后置定語(yǔ) 我告訴他一些有趣的事情。我告訴他一些有趣的事情。 i tell him something interesting . 說(shuō)明說(shuō)明2：不定式、短語(yǔ)或從句不定式、短語(yǔ)或從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，也放在被修飾的名詞之

6、后。 這間屋子里的男孩子們是這間屋子里的男孩子們是10班的。班的。 the boys in the room are in class ten. 7) 狀語(yǔ)（狀語(yǔ)（adverbial）用以修飾用以修飾adj. /v. /adv.及全句及全句,位置靈活位置靈活。通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首；之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首；修飾修飾形容詞或副詞形容詞或副詞時(shí)，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；時(shí)，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；表示表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語(yǔ)一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首，首，一些表示不確定時(shí)間（如：一些表示不確定時(shí)間（如：of

7、ten）或程度（如：）或程度（如：almost）的副）的副詞狀語(yǔ)通常位于詞狀語(yǔ)通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞之前。動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞之前。i am very sorry.we often help him. when i grow up , i am going to be a teacher . （從句作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（從句作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)) 句子類型句子類型簡(jiǎn)單句并列句復(fù)合句.簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句1. things changed.2. trees are green.3. we dont beat children.4. he gave his sister the piano.

8、5. i found the book easy. 主 + 謂主 + 謂 + 表主 + 謂 + 賓主 + 謂 + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ) 主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ)nobody went.she became a doctor.the car caught fire.i will write you a long letter.i will let him go. practicepractice 主 + 謂主 + 謂 + 表主 + 謂 + 賓主 + 謂 + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ)主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ).并列句并列句this is me and these are my friends

9、. they must stay in water, or they will die. its not cheap, but it is very good. it was late, so i went to bed. andorbut sohe knocked at the door; there was no answer.youre alive! and shes dead.名詞性從句名詞性從句狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句.復(fù)合句復(fù)合句a plane is a machine that can fly.he sa

10、id that he didnt like her.狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句分為九類：分為九類：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、 目的、條件、讓步、方式、程度目的、條件、讓步、方式、程度1) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句wait until you are called.when spring came, leaves turn green.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as, after, before, since, till/ until, when, while, as soon as, whenever等等2) 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句put it where you foun

11、d it.sit down wherever you like.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：where, wherever, anywhere3) 原因狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句as i didnt know the way, i asked a policeman常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：because, as, since4) 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句i was in the bath so that i didnt hear the telephone.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so, so that, such that, that 5) 目的狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句ill sh

12、ow you so you will see how its done.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so, so that, in order that6) 條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句if it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：if, unless, in case that, on condition that常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：though, although, if even if, even though,7) 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句though im fond of music,i can

13、t play any instrument.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as, as if, as though, how常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so, so that, as far as, so long as8) 方式狀語(yǔ)從句方式狀語(yǔ)從句he did just as you told him.9) 程度狀語(yǔ)從句程度狀語(yǔ)從句so long as you need me, ill stay. homework1.復(fù)習(xí)今天所學(xué)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)2.自行復(fù)習(xí)名詞性從句的內(nèi)容(必修三)3.看試卷,做相應(yīng)知識(shí)點(diǎn).名詞性從句名詞性從句1) 主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句* what he said is not

14、 known.* that we shall be late is certain.* it is certain that we shall be late.* how strange it is that the children are so quiet! 2）表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句* that is what he wants to buy. * the problem is that who we can get to replace her?* the reason is that he has lied to me several times. 3) 賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句* i under

15、stand that he is well qualified.* he said that he didnt like her. * i dont know if you can help me.4) 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句* where did you get the idea that i couldnt come?* the question who should do the work requires consideration.* mother made a promise that she would buy me a new coat.the ideathe questiona

16、 promise注意！注意！* that與與what都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。* what在從句中充當(dāng)句子成份（主在從句中充當(dāng)句子成份（主,賓賓,表）。表）。* that在句中只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)成份。在句中只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)成份。* that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不可省略（賓語(yǔ)從句除外）在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不可省略（賓語(yǔ)從句除外）.that is what he wants to buy.that we shall be late is certain.he said (that) he didnt like her.引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞that & what 狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句

17、分為九類：分為九類：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、 目的、條件、讓步、方式、程度目的、條件、讓步、方式、程度1) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句wait until you are called.when spring came, leaves turn green.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：as, after, before, since, till/ until, when, while, as soon as, whenever等等2) 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句put it where you found it.sit down wherever you like.常用

18、的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：where, wherever, anywhere3) 原因狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句as i didnt know the way, i asked a policeman常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：because, as, since4) 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句i was in the bath so that i didnt hear the telephone.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so, so that, such that, that 5) 目的狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句ill show you so you will see how its done.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：so, so that, in order that6) 條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句if it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：if, unless, in case that, on condition that常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：though, altho