中考英語語法精講精練第十章主謂一致

1、第十章：主謂一致 主謂一致三原則 主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。 1. 語法一致原則：指主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，主語是復數(shù)形式，謂語也用復數(shù)形式。例如：tom is a good student 湯姆是個好學生。 they often play football on the playground. 他們經常在操場上踢足球。 2. 意義一致：指主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復數(shù)，所以謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；或主語形式上為復數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： my family are hav

2、ing lunch now. 我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。 twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 這本書20美元太貴了。 3. 就近一致：指謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近他的主語。例如： not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不但老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學生也喜歡踢足球。 there is a pen and some books on the desk. 課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。 典型練習：1. neither he nor i _

3、 for the plan. a. were b. is c. are d. am 2. there _ a knife and fork on the table. a. are b. is c. am d. be 經典解析：以上兩題屬于就近一致，就近一致主要包括：neither. . . nor. . . , either. . . or. . . . , not only. . . but also. . . 連接并列主語及there be 句型. 答案為：1. d 2. b以here，there開頭的句子，若主語在兩個或兩個以上，謂語動詞通常與臨近的主語一致,本題離謂語近的是a kni

4、fe是單數(shù). 3. my family as well as i _ glad to see you. a. was b. is c. are d am 4. my father, together with some of his old friends, _ there already. a. will be b. had been c. has been d. have been 5. the pair of shoes _ worn out. a. had been b. have been c. were d. was 經典解析：當主語中含有介詞短語時,介詞后面為賓語,謂語與介詞前面

5、的主語的形式一致,答案為：3. c,這里的主語是my family, as well as 后的i 雖是主格但是賓語, 這里的family表達的意義為：家庭成員,故用復數(shù). 4. c, 這里的主語是my father, 介詞with 后面的some of his old friends是賓語, my father 是第三人稱單數(shù). 5. d, 這里的主語是the pair, 介詞of 后的shoes是賓語,the pair屬第三人稱單數(shù). 6. there are two roads and either _ to the station. a. is leading b. are leadi

6、ng c. lead d. leads 7. nine plus three _ twelve. a. are making b. is making c. make d. makes 8. twenty miles _ a long way to cover. a. seem to be b. is c. are d. were 9. very few _ his address in the town. a. has known b. are knowing c. know d. knows 10. our family _ a happy one. a. are b. was c. ar

7、e d. is 11. over 80 percent of the population _ workers. a. will be b. are c. is d. was 12. a professor and a writer _ present at the meeting. a. had been b. were c. is d. was 13. a professor and writer _ present at the meeting. a. had been b. were c. are d. was14. the whole class _ greatly moved at

8、 his words. a. is b. had c. were d. was 15. the greens_ having breakfast when the accident happened. a. is b. are c. was d. were16. the poor _ very pity, they should be helped by the rich. a. is b. are c. was d. be17. doing eye exercises often _ your eyes brighter. a. make b. makes c. is d. keep18.

9、doing sports and giving up smoking _ you healthy. a. make b. makes c. is d. keeps經典解析:以上各題均屬于意義一致原則,答案為:6. d,either意義為:兩者中任何一個做主語屬于第三人稱單數(shù);7. d, 兩個數(shù)加減乘除的結果均為一個數(shù)因此意義上屬于單數(shù). 8. b, 表示時間，價格，重量，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)學運算等的詞或短語作主語時，這些通常作一個整體概念，謂語用單數(shù)形式。9. c,這里的主語very few代表的是很少的人后面省略了people,意義上是復數(shù). 10. d, 這里的主語family表一個家庭的整體

10、概念,應為單數(shù)意義. 11. b, population雖然是不可數(shù)名詞,但表示某地人口的百分之幾時不可用單數(shù)謂語. 12. b, 由and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，一般用復數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語是同一個人，事物，或概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個人或物。本題主語a professor and a writer就是指兩個人一個教授,一個作家表復數(shù)概念. 13. d,由and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，一般用復數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語是同一個人，事

11、物，或概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個人或物。本題主語a professor and writer就是指一個人,一個既是教授又是作家的人表單數(shù)概念. 14. c,本題主語the whole class這里表示整個班級的學生應為復數(shù)形式. 15. d,the+姓氏的復數(shù)形式,表示一家人時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式，16. b, the+形容詞,表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式;17. b, 主語doing eye exercises 是一件事,屬單數(shù)主語;18. a, 主語

12、doing sports and giving up smoking 是兩件事,屬復數(shù)主語. 19. the boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who _ from the countryside in our school. a. was b. were c. is d. are 20. those who _ singing may join us. a. is fond b. is seeming to be c. seem to be d. seems to be 經典解析:定語從句的謂語形式應取決于先行

13、詞, 答案為19. d,先行詞為students20. c,先行詞為those復數(shù). 21. the number of students in our school _ 3000 and a number of them _from countrysides. a. is , is b. are , are c. are, is d. is, are經典解析: a number of+復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)；the number of +復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。答案為:21. d22. maths is very popular in my class. a. is b. are c. been d. be經典解析: 以s 結尾的名詞本身不表示復數(shù)意義，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式，如news, math