虛擬語氣干貨分享

1、1虛擬語氣2一一. .虛擬語氣的類型虛擬語氣的類型1 1、實際意義上的虛擬語氣。、實際意義上的虛擬語氣。they talked as if they they talked as if they had beenhad been friends for years. friends for years.2 2、虛擬語氣形式。、虛擬語氣形式。the order was that we the order was that we (should) stay(should) stay where we were. where we were.3二二. .實際意義上的虛擬語氣實際意義上的虛擬語氣1 1

2、、小小順口溜、小小順口溜虛擬語氣并不難虛擬語氣并不難, , 從句時態(tài)都提前從句時態(tài)都提前, ,主句主句wouldwould加在前，注意動詞要還原。加在前，注意動詞要還原。（省略（省略if if要倒裝）要倒裝）e.g. e.g. 1 1）if i if i werewere in your shoes, i in your shoes, i wouldwould accept the terms. accept the terms.2 2） if we if we had lefthad left earlier, we earlier, we wouldnt have missedwouldn

3、t have missed the train. the train.3 3） i wish i i wish i werewere as clever as you as clever as you42 2、虛擬語氣在條件句中的應用、虛擬語氣在條件句中的應用所述情所述情況況 if if 從句從句 主句主句 與過去與過去相反相反if + if + 主語主語 + had done+ had done主語主語 + would/ could/ + would/ could/ might/should + have done might/should + have done 與現(xiàn)在與現(xiàn)在相反相反 if

4、 + if + 主語主語 + did+ did（bebe動詞用動詞用werewere）主語主語 +would/ could/ +would/ could/ might/should + do might/should + do 與將來與將來相反相反 if + if + 主語主語 + did+ didif + if + 主語主語 + were to + do+ were to + doif + if + 主語主語 + should + do+ should + do主語主語+ would/ could/ + would/ could/ might/should domight/should do

5、5此表中需要注意幾點：此表中需要注意幾點：1 1bebe動詞在表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的從句中一般用動詞在表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的從句中一般用werewere。在非正式情況下，第一、。在非正式情況下，第一、第三人稱后偶爾也用第三人稱后偶爾也用waswas。如：。如：if he were/was you, he would go at once.if he were/was you, he would go at once. 2 2主句中的主句中的shouldshould通常用于第一人稱，通常用于第一人稱，would, couldwould, could以及以及mightmight可以用于各種人可以用于各

6、種人稱。稱。3 3在表示與將來事實相反的條件句中，只能用在表示與將來事實相反的條件句中，只能用shouldshould，而不能用，而不能用would, couldwould, could和和mightmight等。如：等。如：if it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. if it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. （should rainshould rain也可以用也可以用rained, were to rainrained, were to rain代替）代替）64 4

7、、主句和、主句和if if條件句時態(tài)不一致（單獨虛擬）。如：條件句時態(tài)不一致（單獨虛擬）。如：if he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.if he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.if you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the if you were in better health, we would have allow

8、ed you to join them in the work.work.7含蓄條件句含蓄條件句有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if if引導的條件句，而通過其他引導的條件句，而通過其他手段來替代條件句。手段來替代條件句。1 1用介詞短語替代條件句。常用介詞有用介詞短語替代條件句。常用介詞有with, without, but forwith, without, but for等。如：等。如：we couldnt have succeeded without your help(=if we hadnt got your help). w

9、e couldnt have succeeded without your help(=if we hadnt got your help). what would you do with a million dollars?what would you do with a million dollars?but for the rainbut for the rain（=if it hadnt been for the rain=if it hadnt been for the rain）, we would have finished the , we would have finishe

10、d the work. work. 82. 2. 假設的情況又是可以通過上下文或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來。如：假設的情況又是可以通過上下文或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來。如：1 1）he would have given you more help, but he has been ill.he would have given you more help, but he has been ill.2 2）i was ill that day. otherwise i would have taken part in the parade.( if i i was ill that day. otherwise

11、i would have taken part in the parade.( if i hadnt been ill,)hadnt been ill,)but, otherwisebut, otherwise連接的兩個并列的分句存在單獨虛擬現(xiàn)象，即：一個分句為虛擬連接的兩個并列的分句存在單獨虛擬現(xiàn)象，即：一個分句為虛擬句，另一個分句為真實句。句，另一個分句為真實句。93 3）it would be a mistake not to help him.( it would be a mistake if we didnt it would be a mistake not to help hi

12、m.( it would be a mistake if we didnt help him.)help him.)anyone in her position would have done the same.anyone in her position would have done the same.有些句子相當于一個條件從句，謂語也可用虛擬語氣。有些句子相當于一個條件從句，謂語也可用虛擬語氣。4 4）suppose we told her the truth.suppose we told her the truth.5 5）imagine your child played trua

13、nt.imagine your child played truant.10省略省略if if的情況的情況如果從句中含有系動詞、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞（如果從句中含有系動詞、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞（were, had, shouldwere, had, should或或could could ）時，）時，可省略可省略if if，把從句中的，把從句中的were, hadwere, had或或shouldshould或或couldcould提到其主語前形成倒裝結構。提到其主語前形成倒裝結構。如：如：had we made(=if we had made) adequate preparations, we m

14、ight have had we made(=if we had made) adequate preparations, we might have succeeded.succeeded.were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty.were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty.should there be a flood, what should we do?should there be a flood,

15、what should we do?113 3、實際意義上虛擬語氣在其它從句中的應用、實際意義上虛擬語氣在其它從句中的應用（從句時態(tài)都提前）（從句時態(tài)都提前）wishwish后后thatthat引導的賓語從句中。如：引導的賓語從句中。如：i wish i were as clever as you. i wish i were as clever as you. i wish he would try again. i wish he would try again. （表示與將來事實相反）（表示與將來事實相反）as ifas if（thoughthough）引導的表語從句或方式狀語從句中。如

16、：）引導的表語從句或方式狀語從句中。如：he looks as if/though he looks as if/though he were an artist.he were an artist. 12would ratherwould rather后的賓語從句中。后的賓語從句中。 （would ratherwould rather后不能加后不能加thatthat。）。） 從句謂語用一般過去時來表示與現(xiàn)在或將來要做的相反的事情，用過去完成時從句謂語用一般過去時來表示與現(xiàn)在或將來要做的相反的事情，用過去完成時來表示與過去發(fā)生的相反的事情。如：來表示與過去發(fā)生的相反的事情。如： id rath

17、er you didnt go there.(id rather you didnt go there.(與將來相反）與將來相反）id rather we had a rest now. id rather we had a rest now. （與現(xiàn)在相反）（與現(xiàn)在相反）id rather you had been here yesterday. id rather you had been here yesterday. （與過去相反）（與過去相反）if onlyif only引導的感嘆句中。如：引導的感嘆句中。如：if only i were a bird. if only i were

18、 a bird. （我要是只鳥就好了。）（我要是只鳥就好了。）13三三. .虛擬語氣形式虛擬語氣形式1) 1)復合句中含有復合句中含有suggest, advise, recommend, propose, (suggest, advise, recommend, propose, (建議、安排）建議、安排）demand, require (request), ask, urge, desire, demand, require (request), ask, urge, desire, ( (要求、渴望）要求、渴望）insist, orderinsist, order（堅持、命令）（堅持、命

19、令）等等, ,以及其派生詞以及其派生詞 （如：（如：suggestion, adviceidea) suggestion, adviceidea) 復合句中所含有的名詞性從句復合句中所含有的名詞性從句中的謂語動詞要用中的謂語動詞要用should do, should should do, should 可以省略。如：可以省略。如：the doctor suggested/insisted that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. the doctor suggested/insisted that she (should) stay in be

20、d for a few days. we all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) give up the plan.we all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) give up the plan. 14注意：當注意：當suggestsuggest作作“暗示、表明暗示、表明”講，講，insistinsist作作“堅持說堅持說”講，即堅持事實是怎樣講，即堅持事實是怎樣時，后邊時，后邊thatthat從句不用虛擬語氣。如：從句不用虛擬語氣。如：mike insisted that he had n

21、ever stolen anything. mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. the look on his face suggested that he was angry. the look on his face suggested that he was angry. 152) 2) 在在it is + it is + 形容詞形容詞(necessary, important, natural, strange, etc. ) + that(necessary, important, natural, strange, et

22、c. ) + that從句中，從句中，從句中的謂語動詞要用從句中的謂語動詞要用should do, should should do, should 可以省略。如：可以省略。如：its necessary that we (should) clean the room every day. its necessary that we (should) clean the room every day. 3 3）在）在it is/was a pityit is/was a pity（a shame, no wonder, etc. a shame, no wonder, etc. ） + tha

23、t+ that從句中，從句中的謂從句中，從句中的謂語動詞要用語動詞要用should do, should should do, should 可以省略。如：可以省略。如：it was a pity that our team should lose the game. it was a pity that our team should lose the game. 當然上面當然上面2) 2) 、 3)3)兩類的兩類的thatthat從句中也可以不用虛擬語氣，而用陳述語氣。如：從句中也可以不用虛擬語氣，而用陳述語氣。如：it is strange that he did not come yesterday. it is strange that he did not come yesterday. it is a pity that you cant dance.it is a pity that you cant dance. 164) it is4) it is（high/abouthigh/abo