初中定語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句(共6頁(yè))

1、定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句是在主從復(fù)合句中修飾某個(gè)名詞或代詞句子，它在句中作定語(yǔ)。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，連接先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫引導(dǎo)詞(也叫關(guān)系詞)。如I know the girl who is sitting under the tree. 我認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)正坐在樹(shù)下的女孩。 引導(dǎo)詞 先行詞 從句 (定語(yǔ)從句) This is the most interesting book that he has ever read. 這是他所讀過(guò)的書(shū)中最有趣的一本。 引導(dǎo)詞 先行詞 從句 (定語(yǔ)從句) 考點(diǎn)1：先行詞是人時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞的選用 (1). 先行詞是人，引導(dǎo)詞后緊跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)用who或that. 如： He

2、re comes the man who (that) wants to see you. 想見(jiàn)你的那個(gè)人來(lái)了。(先行詞是the man, 引導(dǎo)詞后緊跟動(dòng)詞wants, 故引導(dǎo)詞用who / that) (2). 先行詞是人，引導(dǎo)詞后緊跟的不是動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用who, whom, that. 如： This is the person whom (who, that) you are looking for. 這正是你要找的人。(先行詞是the person, 引導(dǎo)詞后緊跟的是you, 不是動(dòng)詞, 故引導(dǎo)詞可用who / whom / that) 考點(diǎn)2：先行詞是物時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞的選用 (1).先行詞是物

3、時(shí)，一般情況下引導(dǎo)詞可以用which或that. 如： Mary like music that (which) is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡安靜柔和的音樂(lè)。(先行詞是music, 引導(dǎo)詞可用which / that) The film which(that) we saw last night was very interesting.我們昨晚看的電影非常有趣。(先行詞是film, 引導(dǎo)詞可用which / that) (2).以下情況，引導(dǎo)詞只能用that, 不能用which. . 當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞(anything, everything, nothing, som

4、ething, few, all, little等)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只用that。Have you written down everything that Mr. Lin has said? 你寫(xiě)下林先生所說(shuō)的每樣?xùn)|西了嗎？All that can be done has been done.能做的所有事情都己經(jīng)做了。There is little that I can do for you. 我能為你做的事幾乎沒(méi)有了。 . 當(dāng)先行詞由以下詞修飾時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只用that. 這些詞有：only, very, the same, the last, all, any, some, no, little,

5、 few等。如：That is the very dress that I want to buy. 那正是我要買(mǎi)的裙子。 English is the only subject that I like. 英語(yǔ)是我唯一喜歡的科目。Cleaning the room again is the last thing that I can do for you.再次打掃房間是我能為你做的最后一事。. 當(dāng)先行詞有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只用that. This is the fifth school that I have taught so far. 這是我目前為止教過(guò)的第5所學(xué)校。Mr.

6、 Lis class is the most interesting one that I have ever had. 李老師的課是我上過(guò)的最有趣的課。. 當(dāng)先行詞有人又有物時(shí)，只能用that。如： Can you remember the writer and his books that we have reported? 拓展知識(shí) 考點(diǎn)3：先行詞是時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞的選用 (1). 先行詞是時(shí)間, 地點(diǎn)，原因并在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí), 引導(dǎo)詞分別用when, where, why, 也可以用介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)。如： I wanted to know the day when he w

7、as born. =I wanted to know the day on which he was born. 我想知道他出生在哪一天。 He still loved the school where we studied together two years ago. =He still loved the school in which we studied together two years ago. 他仍然愛(ài)那所我們兩年前一起讀書(shū)的學(xué)校。Do you know the reason why he was late for school? 你知道他遲到的原因嗎？(2). 先行詞是時(shí)間

8、, 地點(diǎn)并在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí), 引導(dǎo)詞用which或者that。如： I remember the days which (that) we spent on the farm. 我記得我們?cè)谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)渡過(guò)的日子。 Lu Ming studies in the school which (that) was built 1 years ago. 盧明在一所1年前建好的學(xué)校里讀書(shū)。考點(diǎn)4：引導(dǎo)詞前有介詞時(shí)，先行詞是人,引導(dǎo)詞只能用whom, 先行詞是事物時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只用which。如： This is the friend to whom I talk a lot.這是跟我談話很多的朋友。 Jack

9、y stayed in the room in which Lu Xun once lived. 杰克呆在那個(gè)魯迅曾經(jīng)住過(guò)的房間?？键c(diǎn)5：先行詞是代詞時(shí)，先判斷其指代人還是指代物，再?zèng)Q定用哪個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞。如： I dont like those who talk much but do little. 我不喜歡說(shuō)得多做得少的人。The sleeping tigers are bigger than those which are trained there. 這睡著的老虎們比那些被訓(xùn)練的大。賓 語(yǔ) 從 句賓語(yǔ)從句是在主從復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語(yǔ)的句子。如： Rose said she would vi

10、sit us sometime next week. 露絲說(shuō)她下星期某時(shí)會(huì)來(lái)看我們。 主句 從句 (賓語(yǔ)從句) Could you tell me where he is from? 你能告訴我他來(lái)自哪里嗎？ 主句 從句 (賓語(yǔ)從句) 考點(diǎn)1：引導(dǎo)詞的選用 (1). 陳述句的引導(dǎo)詞用that，?？墒÷?。I am going to meet my net friends in Guangzhou. He said. He said that he was going to meet his net friends in Guangzhou. 他說(shuō)他將要在廣州見(jiàn)他的網(wǎng)友。(2). 一般疑問(wèn)句的引導(dǎo)

11、詞用if/ whether(是否)。（后有or 時(shí)只用whether）Would you like to play basketball with me? He asked me. He asked me if/whether I would like to play basketball with him. 他問(wèn)我是否會(huì)和他去打籃球。Is it a fast train or a slowly one? I wanted to know. I wanted to know whether it was a fast train or a slowly one.我想知道這是快車(chē)還是慢車(chē)。(3)

12、. 特殊疑問(wèn)句的引導(dǎo)詞用特殊疑問(wèn)詞。How old are you? They want to know. They want to know how old you are.他們想知道你多大年紀(jì)了。What are you going to do this afternoon? He asked me. He asked me what I was going to do this afternoon.他問(wèn)我今天下午要做什么?？键c(diǎn)2：語(yǔ)序 (賓語(yǔ)從句中從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序，即從句中的第1助動(dòng)詞在主語(yǔ)之后） He asked Jane: “Why dont you come”? 疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序(第1助

13、動(dòng)詞dont 在主語(yǔ)you之前) He asked Jane why she didnt come last night.陳述語(yǔ)序(第1助動(dòng)詞didnt 在主語(yǔ)you之后) Lucy wanted to know if I could make a cake for you.露絲想知道我是否會(huì)為你做個(gè)蛋糕。特殊：.Whats wrong with 在賓語(yǔ)從句中不變語(yǔ)序。如： I want to know whats wrong with you.我想知道你怎么啦。. 引導(dǎo)詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，語(yǔ)序不變。如： Jack asked me who would give us the lecture

14、this afternoon.杰克問(wèn)我誰(shuí)今天下午會(huì)給我們做報(bào)告。(who 是引導(dǎo)詞，在賓語(yǔ)從句中作動(dòng)詞would give的主語(yǔ)，本身己是陳述語(yǔ)序，不需再變。) 考點(diǎn)3：時(shí)態(tài)（主句從句在時(shí)態(tài)上要一致） (1). 主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般將來(lái)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))，從句該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)態(tài)?！癑ohn speaks highly of you.” Tom tells me. Tom tells me that John speaks highly of me. 湯姆告訴我約翰高度評(píng)價(jià)我。(主句用tells, 是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句原時(shí)態(tài)是speaks,在這里還是用speaks) He

15、 asked Jane why she didnt come last night. 陳述語(yǔ)序(第1助動(dòng)詞didnt 在主語(yǔ)you之后) Lucy wanted to know if I could make a cake for you.露絲想知道我是否會(huì)為你做個(gè)蛋糕。 (2). 主句是過(guò)去時(shí)(一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))，從句只用過(guò)去某種相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)?！癢hen shall we have the meeting?” The boy asked. The boy asked when they should have the meeting. 男孩問(wèn)他們應(yīng)該什么時(shí)候開(kāi)會(huì)。(主句用asked，是一般

16、過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用相應(yīng)的某種過(guò)去時(shí)，這里shallshould) (3). 從句表示客觀真理或事實(shí)時(shí)，主句即使用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?！癟he earth goes around the sun.” The teacher told the students. The teacher told the students that the earth goes around the sun. 老師告訴學(xué)生們地球繞著太陽(yáng)走。(主句用told, 為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，但從句中the earth goes around the sun是客觀事實(shí)，所以時(shí)態(tài)還用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不用變) Jim asked me whether the light travels faster than the sound. 考點(diǎn)4：賓語(yǔ)從句答題技巧 (逐步排除法) 先用語(yǔ)序判斷，再用時(shí)態(tài)求證，如有需要再用引導(dǎo)詞及意思去決定) 如：( ) Everyone wanted to know _