高考虛擬語氣

1、 個性化教學輔導教案學科: 英語 任課教師： 祝 老 師 授課時間：2013年 月 日(星期 ) :00- :00姓名年級：高三教學課題虛擬語氣專題階段 基礎（） 提高（） 強化（ ）課時計劃第（ ）次課 共（ ）次課教學目標知識點：虛擬語氣三大板塊,兩種形式;與現(xiàn)在,過去,將來相反的假設;should+動詞原形考點：含有條件狀語從句的復合句方法：講練方式重點難點重點： would rather后的從句要用虛擬語氣難點： 含有條件狀語從句的復合句教學內容與教學過程課前檢查作業(yè)完成情況：優(yōu) 良 中 差 建議_ 虛 擬 語 氣知 識 框 架概述：語氣的定義和種類：1.語氣的定義：語氣是動詞的一種形

2、式，它表示說話人對某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。2.語氣的種類1）陳述語氣：表示動作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實的、確定的或將符合事實的，用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句中。We are not ready. 2)祈使語氣：表示說話人的建議、請求、邀請命令等。Dont forget to close the window.3)虛擬語氣：表示動作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實，而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設或推測等。I. 虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的用法(以do為例;S=主語)時 間從句主 句與現(xiàn)在事實相反did/werewould/should/could/might +do與過去事實相反had donewould/shou

3、ld/could/might+have done與將來事實相反did/should do /were to dowould/should/could/might+do例句：If I were you, I should go and see the dentist at once.假如我是你的話，我會馬上去看牙科醫(yī)生。（事實上我不是你）If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we would have played tennis.昨天如果沒下那么大的雨，我們就打網球了。（事實上，昨天下了大雨，我們沒打球）If you were happy, youd（=

4、you would） make others happy.如果你快樂，你也會使別人快樂。（事實上，你不快樂，所以你也不能使別人快樂）If the sun were to rise in the west, I would lend you the money.假如太陽從西邊出來，我就能借錢給你。（事實上，你不快樂，所以你也不能使別人快樂）注意事項：1省略if的條件句：在書面語中有時可以省略條件從句中的if，但必須是在從句中有were, had, would或should的前提下，且須將were, had, would或should移到從句主語之前。If he should come, tell

5、 him to ring me up=Should he come, tell him to ring me up.他要是來了，讓他給我打個電話。If they had not helped us, our experiment would have failed=Had they not helped us, our experiment would have failed.沒有他們的幫助，我們的實驗就會失敗。If he should be sick, he would send for the doctor.=Should he be sick, he would send for the

6、 doctor.萬一他生病了，他要派人去請醫(yī)生。2錯綜條件句。若條件句和主句動作不存在同一個時間，則謂語形式應根據具體情況而定。If mother had told me the truth when I was young, I would not make such mistakes so often now.要是母親在我年輕的時候就告訴我那個道理，我現(xiàn)在就不會常常犯這種錯誤了。（條件句表示與過去事實相反，主句則表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反）You could answer most of the questions now if you had reviewed the lessons last

7、night.假如你昨晚溫習過功課，你現(xiàn)在就應該能回答大部分的問題。（主句表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，條件句中表示與過去事實相反。）3.含蓄條件句1）省略了條件從句，多用以表示強烈的情感。That would be fine.那就太好了I would not have done it.我是不會做那件事的。You might stay here forever.你可以永遠待在這里。2）省略了主句形式的（常用以表示愿望）If only I had helped you! 假如我當初能幫助你，那該多好啊！If only he were there! 假如他在那里該多好！3）有許多格言、諺語是由條件句省略而來的

8、Waste not, want not.= If you do not waste, you will not want.不浪費，不愁缺。4）不定式短語代替if條件從句的虛擬語氣形式。To hear him speak English, one would take him for a foreigner.=If one were to hear him speak English, one would take him for a foreigner.如果有人聽到他講英語，會以為他是外國人。5）分詞短語代替if條件從句的虛擬語氣形式Born in better times, he would

9、 have been a scholar.= If he had been born in better times, he would have been a scholar.如果生在更好的時代，他早就成了一名學者了。6）介詞短語代替if條件從句的虛擬語氣形式With favorable winds, we might have gotten there in tow days.= If we had favorable winds, we might have gotten there in tow days.如果順風的話，我們兩天就能抵達那了。Without air, no one co

10、uld live.=If there were no air, no one could live.如果沒有空氣，誰都不能存活。But for you, I should lose my way.= If it were not for you, I should lose my way.如果不是你，我就迷路了。（but for 可用but that 代替 But for your help, I would have failed then.= But that you helped me, I would have failed then.如果不是有你幫我，我那時就會失敗了。7）名詞短語代

11、替if條件從句的虛擬語氣形式。A Chinese would not do so.=If he were a Chinese, he would not do so.如果是中國人，他就不會那樣做。8）連詞代替if條件從句的虛擬語氣形式He saved me, otherwise I should have drowned.=If he had not saved me, I should have drowned.他救了我，不然我早就淹死了。9）定語從句代替if 條件從句的虛擬語氣形式。Anybody who had been that painting might have taken it

12、 for a photo.=If anybody had seen that painting, he might have taken it for a photo.任何看過那幅畫的人，都可能把它當成是照片。4.“were it not for如果不是?！薄癏ad it not been for當時要不是。”幾乎成了固定句式Were it not for your help, I would never be a good boss.要不是你的幫助，我永遠成不了好老板。Had it not been for you, I would have lost my way.要不是你，我就迷路了。5

13、.be的形式一般用were，但在非正式問題中也可以用was6.if 條件從句的謂語動詞用過去式，既可以表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，也可表示與將來現(xiàn)實相反，通?？捎缮舷挛谋嬲J。如果要明確地表示所涉及的時間，可以加上時間狀語。7.“情態(tài)動詞+have done”所表示的虛擬語氣1）表示委婉批評Could/may/might have done 常譯為“本可以做得更。一些”“本該。（而。）”You are late again. You could have come earlier.你又來晚了，你本該早來一點的。You could have made less noise. A baby was slee

14、ping then.你本該小聲點的。有一個嬰兒當時正在睡覺。2）表示強烈責備常用should/ought to have done 結構，常譯為“本應該做得更。一些（然而。）”I have told you many times, you should have done it better. 我已經告訴你很多遍了，本應該做的更好些。You should have told me earlier that you werent able to come.你本該早點告訴我你不能來的。You shouldnt have failed this time.你這次本不該失敗的。3）表示沒必要“need

15、nt+have+過去分詞”結構表示“做了不必要做的事情”You neednt have told him. He has already known about it.你本沒必要告訴他，他已經知道了。Its so near. We neednt have taken a taxi.這么近，我們本沒必要坐出租車的。II. 虛擬語氣用在賓語從句中 sb. did (希望現(xiàn)在用過去式) 1. wish+that sb. had done（希望過去用過去完成式）sb. would/should do（希望將來用過去將來）2. would rather后的從句要用虛擬語氣。時 間從 句虛擬現(xiàn)在were,

16、 did (動詞一般過去式)虛擬過去had done虛擬將來did (動詞一般過去式)例：I would rather I hadnt said such unkind things to you. （虛擬過去） I'd rather you came here for the answer tomorrow morning. （虛擬將來）Id rather you posted the letter right away. (虛擬現(xiàn)在) 3. suggest+（that）S+should+do 表示愿望、建議、請求等主觀意向的動詞之后的賓語從句，謂語用should 動詞原形，shou

17、ld常常省略。這類詞有：decide，demand，desire，insist，order，propose，suggest，recommend，requested， require等。 注意：1. suggest 當“建議”講時，其賓語從句用虛擬語氣；當“暗示、表明”時，用陳述語氣 2. insist 當堅持“看法或建議”時，賓語從句用虛擬語氣；當堅持“某個事實”時，用陳述語氣。判斷改錯：（錯） Your pale face suggests that you（should）be ill.（對） Your pale face suggests that you are ill. （錯） I i

18、nsisted that you（should）be wrong. （對） I insisted that you were wrong.III. 虛擬語氣用在主語從句中It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that等結構的主語從句，謂語動詞用should 加動詞原形，should 可省略。It is可用的詞有三類that（should）dosuggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等important, necessary, natural, imperati

19、ve, strange等a pity, a shame, no wonder等IV虛擬語氣用在同位語從句中。 某些表示建議、請求、命令等主觀意向的名詞后同位語從句需用虛擬語氣，其表達形式為(should) 動詞原形。這類名詞常見的有：advice，suggestion，proposal（提議），order， demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation（推薦），plan，resolution（決議）， idea等。 eg. We are all for your proposal that the discussion ( should )b

20、e put off V 虛擬語氣用在表語從句中。某些表示建議、請求、命令等主觀意向的名詞作主語時，表語從句需用虛擬語氣，其表達形式為(should) 動詞原形。這類名詞常見的有：advice，suggestion，proposal，order， demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation以及plan，idea，resolution等。eg. My suggestion is that the mayor (should)present the prizes. VI 虛擬語氣用在定語從句中It is（about high）time that

21、sb.did sth/should do sth. eg. Don't you think it's about time we went home？ 注：在this is the first time second time that句型中，從句中謂語動詞用陳述語氣完成時態(tài)。 eg.Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong？ VII. 虛擬語氣用在讓步、方式、目的狀語從句中 1在帶有even if/ even though引導的讓步狀語從句的主從復合句中，主句和從句都用虛擬語氣，動詞形式與含有非真實條件句的虛擬

22、語氣相同。如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone to his office. 即使生了病，他倆去辦公室。2由as if或as though引導的狀語從句表示比較或方式時。從句謂語形式為動詞的過去式(be用were)或 “had十過去分詞”。如: He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那樣對待我，好像我是陌生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她談論那部影片，就好像她確實看過一樣。3虛擬語氣用在lest（唯恐、免得）

23、，for fear that及in case引導的目的狀語從句中。 在由lest等引導的目的狀語從句中需用虛擬語氣，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其謂語動詞多由should 動詞原形構成，should也可省略。 eg. He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again VIII虛擬語氣用情感語言中 1虛擬語氣在表示客氣、遺憾以及祝愿等場合中，使用虛擬語氣。 eg.You shouldn't have been following him so closely；you should have kept your distan

24、ce 2If only sb./sth. +時態(tài)后退型的謂語 eg. If only I had known the result of the examination.虛擬語氣是動詞的一種特殊形式。它用來表示所說的不是事實，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望，建議或是與事實相反的假設。經典例題1.()Janes face suggested that she_ ill,and her parents suggested that she_ a medical examination.A.be;should have B.was;haveC.should be;had D.was;has2.

25、()You didnt let me drive.If we_ in turn,you_ so tired.A.drove; didnt get B.drove;wouldnt getC.were driving;wouldnt get D.had driven;wouldnt have got3.()How I wish every family_ a large house with a beautiful garden. A.hasB.hadC.will haveD.had had案例探究1.I wish I _ you yesterday.A.seenB.did seeC.had se

26、enD.were to see命題意圖：此題旨在考查wish后加賓語從句表示可實現(xiàn)的愿望。此題屬四星級題。知識依托：wish+賓語從句表示不可實現(xiàn)的愿望，譯為“就好了，但愿”錯解分析：A、B、D項都不是跟過去事實相反的虛擬語氣結構。解題方法與技巧：掌握wish后賓語從句的三種謂語動詞結構。答案：C2.I suggested that the meeting_ till tomorrow morning.A.should put off B.be put offC.is put off D.will put off命題意圖：此題旨在考查suggest （建議）后加賓語從句，從句謂語動詞的用法。此

27、題屬四星級題。知識依托：suggest/arrange/demand/insist/order/require等動詞后的賓語從句中謂語用（should)+動詞原形。另外像advise/idea/order/demand/suggestion等詞的表語從句和同位語從句，謂語動詞也用（should)+動詞原形。錯解分析：A項應用should be put off(會議被延期）。C、D項都不符合虛擬語氣結構。答案:B3.When a pencil is put in a glass of water,it looks as if it_.A.breaks B.has brokenC.were bro

28、ken D.had been broken命題意圖：此題考查虛擬語氣用于以as if(as though)引導的表語從句或狀語從句。此題屬四星級題目。知識依托：如果從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反，謂語動詞用一般過去時；表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用“had+過去分詞”；表示與將來事實相反，謂語動詞用“would (might,could)+動詞原形?！盠i Ming speaks English as if he were an Englishman.(與現(xiàn)在事實相反）It looks as if it might rain.(與將來事實相反）It seems as if Tom had travelle

29、d a lot in China before.(與過去事實相反）錯解分析：本句意思是：當把鉛筆放在一杯水里的時候，它看起來就跟斷了似的。（其實沒斷）與現(xiàn)在事實相反。故選C項。解題方法與技巧：看when a pencil is put in中謂語時態(tài)。答案:C錦囊妙計做好虛擬語氣，除了掌握基本的結構外，還要注意句子所表達的意義與現(xiàn)在過去，還是將來事實相反，看清時間狀語，另外還要注意在其他結構中虛擬語氣的運用。1.在主語從句中謂語動詞的虛擬語氣結構為：“should+動詞原形”表示驚奇，不相信，惋惜等。例：It is advisable/important/natural/necessary t

30、hat sb.(should)do2.在It is time/high time that sb.should do sth.或It is time that sb.did sth3.would rather sb.+過去時，指現(xiàn)在或將來。例：Id rather Father were here now.Id rather they came here tomorrow.4.But forwithout短語譯為“要不是”，句子謂語也常用虛擬。殲滅難點訓練1.()The doctor insisted that the patient_ up smoking.A.would giveB.give

31、C.givesD.gave2.()_ some information,she could have answered the questions.A.She had been given B.If she was givenC.Had if she been given D.Had she been given3.()Without electricity human life_ quite difficult today.A.is B.will beC.would have been D.would be4.()Everything will go on as usual as if_ h

32、appened.A.nothing had B.anything hadntC.nothing was D.anything was not5.()If only I_ their advice.A.follow B.will followC.have followed D.had followed6.()If you_ at school,you_a college student now.A.had studied hard;would have beenB.should have studied hard;should have beenC.had studied hard;would

33、beC.would study hard;must have been7.()He is a very brave man.Yes,I wish I_ his courage.A.haveB.hadC.will haveD.would have8.()It was ordered that no parking_ allowed in front of the building.A.isB.beC.wasD.would be9.()Dont come today.Id rather you_ tomorrow.A.will comeB.comeC.comesD.came課后練習題1. If y

34、ou were old enough, I _ you to go there yesterday. A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed2. The secretary suggested that they _ the men in at once. A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring3. _I you, I would go with him to the party. A. Was B. Had been C.

35、Will be D. Were4. It is strange that such a thing _ in your class.A. will happen B. happens C. should happen D. happened5. How I wish I _ to repair the watch! I only made it worse. A. had tried B. hadn't tried C. have tried D. didn't try6. If he _ to the teacher attentively, he _ the answer

36、to the problem now. A. had listened, would have known B. listened, would know C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know7. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I _ your birthday party. A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended8. If only I _ how to operate an electr

37、onic computer as you do. A. had knownB. would know C. should knowD. knew 9. The two strangers talks as if they _ friends for years. A. were B. would be C. have been D. had been10. It is high time we _ up our results. A. sum B. summed C. will sum D. would sum11 The librarian insists that John _ no mo

38、re books from the library before he returns all the books he had borrowed. A. will take B. took C. take D. takes12. But for the guidance of our instructor(導師) , we _ in the experiment. A.  shouldnt succeed B. could not have succeededC. will not succeed D. should not have succeeded13. Its about

39、time people_ notice of what women did during the war. A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take14. She couldnt have answered the question if she _ a few books on world history.A. hadnt readB. hasnt read C. wouldnt readD. didnt read15. Isnt it about time that you _ to pick up the visitors from New Y

40、ork?A. had goneB. should go C. goD. will go16. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free immediately.A. did; setB. had done; should be setC. do; be setD. had done; must be set17. Your advice that_ till next week is reasonable. A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited18. It

41、was essential that we_ lease（條約、合同） before the end of the month. A. sign B. signed C. had signed D. were signing19. I wish that I _ with you last night. A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gone20. He speaks Chinese so fluently as if he _a Chinese. A. were B. had been C. is D. has been21.

42、Looking round the town, he felt as though he away for ages.A. has been B. was C. is D. had been22. It is important that the TOEFL _office your registration. A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm23. If I had seen the movie, I _you all about it now. A. would tell B. will tell C. have

43、told D. would have told24. I had hoped that John _a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months. A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend25. Id rather you anything about it for the time being. A. do B. didnt do C. dont D. didnt26. Everybody has arrived. Its time we the class. A.

44、 shall start B. would start C. had started D. should start27. the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for28.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it _.A. breaksB. has broken C. were brokenD. had been brok

45、en29. She couldnt have answered the question if she _ a few books on world history.A. hadnt readB. hasnt readC. wouldnt readD. didnt read30. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _round the earth. A. were circlingB. circles C. is circling D. be circling31._ the fo

46、g, we should have reached our destination.A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for32. But for the guidance of our instructor(導師) , we _ _ in the experiment. A. shouldnt succeed B. could not have succeed C. will not succeed D. should not have succeeded33. The Law requires that every

47、one _ his car checked at least once a year. A. has B. had C will have D. have34. I recommended that the student _ his composition as soon as possible. A. finishing writingB. should finish the writing C. finish writing D. finished writing35. I would have called you up for help had it been possible, b

48、ut I _ your phone number then.A. hadnt had B. didnt have C. shouldnt have D. couldnt have36.Without electricity human life _ quite different today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be37.I wish I_ you yesterday.A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see38.Had you listened to the doctor,

49、 you_ all right now.A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been39._ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave40.He is talking so much about America as if he_ thereA. had been B. has been C. was D. been41.When a pencil is partly in a